An unusual case of chylothorax complicating childhood tuberculosis

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and chylothorax are rare clinical disorders. The concurrence of these two disorders as manifestations of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis has not been reported. We report a 4-month-old boy presenting with chylothorax as the initial presentation of tuberculosis that has been successfully treated with octreotide, antituberculosis drugs and steroid therapy.     

适用于结核分枝杆菌微测序耐药基因芯片的多重PCR体系的优化与评价

目的优化结核分枝杆菌耐药相关基因多重PCR反应体系并评估其优缺点。方法利用改进的方法提取结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA,优化适合扩增rpoB,katG,mabA/inhA,pncA,embB,gyrA,rpsL,rrs和eis耐药基因片段的多重PCR体系,经测序确定所扩增出的基因片段,计算PCR操作过程所用的时间和材料成本等,分析多重PCR反应体系存在的优缺点。结果经过优化煺火温度、引物浓度以及添加NH 4^+和二甲基亚砜可以较好的扩增出5重和4重PCR产物,达到两管同时扩增9个结核分枝杆菌耐药相关基因的目的。利用该条件可以扩增出全部培养出的135株菌株DNA样本和80.56%的痰菌DNA样本,并且可以缩短PCR操作时间、降低试剂耗材成本,减少操作失误。结论优化的两管多重PCR法在同时扩增9个结核分枝杆菌耐药相关基因,具有明显的优势,具有良好的实用价值。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺结核的影像表现

目的探讨COPD合并肺结核的影像表现。方法选自在我院就诊的COPD患者263例,143例COPD合并肺结核患者分为A组,120例COPD伴肺部感染患者为B组,对两组患者病变部位及范围、病变性质特点进行分析。结果两组比较中,病变范围,病变部位累及前部,病变性质的结节状病灶、斑片状纤维化、片状渗出性病灶P0.05;累及上叶尖后段和下叶背段,累及下叶基底段,病变性质的钙化灶、膈面粘连、多形态病灶混合、伴积液改变,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 COPD合并肺结核影像表现为病变范围广泛,呈多肺叶散开模式,不典型部位经常被累及,多性状病灶混合存在,病变影像改变缓慢。     

肺诺卡菌病误诊肺结核1例并文献复习

[摘要]?诺卡菌属于较为罕见的人类病原体,主要通过创伤侵入或吸入方式感染。其感染多见于免疫缺陷,特别是细胞免疫缺陷人群,以肺诺卡菌病最为常见。诺卡菌侵袭性及播散性强,易通过血行播散至其他部位,影像学上可符合血型散播疾病特点,且染色及形态特征与分枝杆菌类似,常误诊为结核分枝杆菌感染。本文对1例以咳嗽、咳痰为主要表现,经抗痨治疗效果欠佳,后明确为北京诺卡菌感染并经治好转的病例进行报道,旨在提高临床医生对本病的认识,减少误诊和漏诊。     

49例肺炎误诊肺结核分析

目的探讨肺炎误诊肺结核的原因及其对策。方法对49例肺炎误诊肺结核患者进行分析。结果临床表现为午后低热57．1％,咯血32．7％,盗汗28．6％;X线胸片病变位于上叶尖后段、下叶背段71．4％;白细胞总数在4．0～10．0×10^9／L之间占69．4％,结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（PPD）皮试阳性61．2％,培养阳性18．4％。结论误诊的主要原因：肺炎临床症状不典型;胸片、血常规检查与肺结核相似;对结核菌素的诊断价值估计过高和细菌培养阳性率过低。防治对策：重视病原学检查、血清抗体检测和临床资料的综合分析是防止肺炎误诊肺结核的重要措施。     

肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯性肺结核临床疗效对比研究

目的探讨肺结核合并糖尿病病人的抗痨方案及其预后。方法选取2002年4月至2003年6月我院收治肺结核合并糖尿病及同期单纯肺结核初治病例各50例,对患者痰菌、病变情况、血糖及治疗结果等进行对比分析。结果轻、中、重型肺结核合并糖尿病组病灶吸收比例分别为90.00%、56.52%、52.94%,单纯肺结核组分别为92.31%、86.36%、86.67%,中型、重型合并糖尿病组与单纯肺结核组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核合并糖尿病时,两者相互有不利影响,对中型及重型病例,需要用胰岛素严格控制血糖水平,抗痨治疗疗程亦应延长。     

肺炎误诊肺结核57例分析

目的了解肺炎误诊肺结核的因素。方法对内科57例肺炎误诊肺结核病例进行回顾性分析。结果误诊率22.3%（57/256）;临床表现为午后发热56%,盗汗28%,痰中带血17.5%,X线胸片病变位于肺尖后段、下叶背段占59.6%;白细胞总数在4.0×10⁹～10.0×10⁹/L占64.9%;痰普培阳性14%。结论（1）误诊原因:临床症状不典型,胸片及血常规检查难与肺结核区别;（2）预防措施:对胸片显示斑片阴影、临床症状不典型者可用广谱抗生素行至少2周抗菌治疗观察,反复痰查结核菌及普通细菌培养,不宜选用链霉素或利福平抗菌治疗。     

正规抗结核治疗后肺结核患者再咯血原因分析

目的分析肺结核病人经正规抗结核治疗后的咯血原因,方法对94例经WHO推荐正规抗结核治疗6～9个月后又再咯血的肺结核病人,经病史、胸片、CT、血象、痰菌检查、纤维支气管镜钳夹及外科术后病理确诊等确定咯血的病因。结果94例病例中,肺结核复发45例,约占47.9%;肺曲菌球27例,约占28.7%;支气管扩张并感染18例,约占19.1%;其它4例,约占4.3%。结论经正规抗结核治疗后肺结核患者再咯血的原因有多种,肺结核复发只是其中原因之一,积极寻找咯血复发的真正原因,才能使患者得到有效的治疗。     

148例耐多药和广泛耐药肺结核的临床特点

目的探索耐多药（MDR）和广泛耐药（XDR）肺结核的临床特点。方法对2008年9月—2009年6月在上海市肺科医院结核科住院的148例耐多药和广泛耐药肺结核患者的药敏试验、既往抗结核治疗史、病变范围、合并症等进行回顾性分析,组间比较采用χ²检验。结果148例MDR和XDR肺结核病中XDR肺结核高达33.1%（49/148）,男、女之比为0.88∶1。MDR组耐4～5种抗结核药物者占82.8%,其中氧氟沙星耐药率为66.7%。XDR组和MDR组初始耐药者分别占据30.6%（15/49）和16.2%（16/99）,以XDR组中的初始耐药构成比明显为高（χ²=4.13,P=0.04）。肺部病变累及≥4个肺野者分别为XDR组81.6% (40/49) 和MDR组65.7%(56/99）,以XDR组病变累及范围更为广泛（χ²=4.06,P=0.04）。2组患者中有合并症者均超过60%,以糖尿病居多（23.0%）,XDR组较MDR组更多合并糖尿病,分别为28.6%和20.2%。结论MDR和XDR肺结核的临床特点表现为XDR的比例明显攀升,较多的MDR尤其是XDR初始耐药病例的出现,提示这类患者的管理可能存在缺陷。MDR肺结核耐氧氟沙星的严重性进一步说明了目前MDR的治疗难度和发展成为XDR的可能性在增加。高糖尿病合并为日后MDR和XDR的防治提供了线索。     

Transabdominal ligation of the thoracic duct as treatment of choice for postoperative chylothorax after esophagectomy

Postoperative chylothorax after injury of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy is a rare but severe complication which may lead to serious problems such as loss of fat and proteins, and immunodeficiency. Without treatment mortality can rise to over 50%. From 1988 to 2005, we treated 10 patients with postoperative chylothorax after 409 resections of the esophagus (2.4%). Of these 10 patients nine underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with gastric pull-up to enable an intrathoracic (n = 7) or cervical (n = 2) anastomosis and one patient received a transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and cervical anastomosis. The average amount of postoperative chylus was 2205 mL (200-4500 mL) per day. After a median postoperative interval of 10 days, relaparotomy and transhiatal double ligation of the thoracic duct was performed in nine out of 10 patients. One patient could be managed conservatively. The average amount of chylus was reduced to 151 mL per day (90.5%). Seven patients had no complications, and three suffered from postoperative pneumonia. Two of the patients with pneumonia recovered, and one died. Discharge from hospital, after ligation of the thoracic duct, was possible after a median time of 18 days (11-52). Ligation of the thoracic duct via relaparotomy appeared to be a simple and safe method to treat postoperative chylothorax.     

肺结核和肺外结核患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测意义探讨

目的探讨肺结核与肺外结核患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测意义。方法选择72例结核病患者,其中肺结核患者41例(A组),肺外结核患者31例(B组),同期选择32例健康体检者作为对照组(C组),应用流式细胞术即(FCM)进行检测。结果三组外周血淋巴细胞亚群的表达率比较,有统计学意义(P0.05),三组在CD+3CD+4/CD+3CD+8比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肺结核与肺外结核患者行外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测对分析免疫状态有重要意义。     

糖尿病并肺结核与单纯肺结核患者临床分析比较简

目的 探讨肺结核并糖尿病的临床特点.方法对我院2009 年1 月至2012 年12月期间收治的108例糖尿病合并新发肺结核的病例,与同期收治的120例非糖尿病新发肺结核病例临床特点予以比较分析.结果 与单纯新发肺结核患者相比,糖尿病并发肺结核的患者,临床症状如咳嗽、咳痰、发热、体重减轻等多见（P〈0.01）,咯血者多达46.2%（χ2 =14.78,P〈0.01）;患者全身营养状况差,低蛋白血症多见（χ2=13.69,P〈0.01）,贫血多见（χ2=15.20,P〈0.01）;肺部易形成空洞（χ2=11.802,P〈0.01）,病变重、范围广（χ2=7.562,P〈0.01）;结核菌阳性率高（χ2=14.556,P〈0.01）,排菌量大（χ2=16.70,P〈0.01）.结论 肺结核合并糖尿病患者有其临床特点,因其病情严重,发展快,结核菌阳性率高,因而是肺结核人群的重点监测、管理对象.     

78例肺结核合并喉结核临床分析

目的 探讨肺结核合并喉结核的临床特征,提高肺结核合并喉结核的诊疗水平.方法 回顾性分析2016年4月至2019年8月入住我院的78例肺结核合并喉结核患者的临床资料,包括:电子支气管镜、胸部CT、活检病理、抗酸染色涂片、结核菌培养、结核菌分子检测等结果,同时了解是否合并其他部位结核、诊疗经过是否存在误诊,并对抗结核方案及...     

The role of diabetes on the clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective Diabetes is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), possibly due to impaired immunity, and diabetes may exacerbate the clinical manifestations of TB. Our aim was to assess the role of diabetes in the clinical manifestations of TB. Methods We studied 1250 patients with pulmonary TB in an urban population in a cross‐sectional study in Tanzania. All participants were tested for diabetes and HIV co‐infection, and TB culture intensity was assessed. Levels of white blood cells, haemoglobin, acute phase reactants, CD4 count and HIV viral load were measured, and a qualitative morbidity questionnaire was used to identify the prevalence of disease‐related symptoms. Results Tuberculosis patients with diabetes had a higher neutrophil count (B 0.5 × 10⁹ cells/l, 95% CI 0.2; 0.9, P = 0.001) than non‐diabetic TB patients. Serum C‐reactive protein (B 18.8 mg/l, CI 95% 8.2; 29.4, P = 0.001) and alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (B 0.2 g/l, CI 95% 0.03; 0.3, P = 0.02) were similarly higher in patients with diabetes. Diabetes did not affect culture intensity or HIV status, but self‐reported fever was three times higher among participants with diabetes than in those without diabetes (OR 2.9, CI 95% 1.5; 5.7, P = 0.002). Conclusion Diabetes is associated with small changes in the manifestations of TB, but may have little clinical significance.     

Randomized trial of yoga as a complementary therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: The present prospective, randomized trial compared the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) with two separate programs (yoga and breath awareness), on lung capacities and bacteriological status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1009 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were screened and 73 were alternately allocated, to yoga (n = 36) or breath awareness (n = 37) groups, with 48 patients completing the 2-month trial. Patients aged between 20 and 55 years, who were sputum-positive on three consecutive examinations, had no prior ATT, and no comorbidities or extrapulmonary tuberculosis were included. In addition to ATT, one group practised yoga (n = 25) and the other practised breath awareness (n = 23) for 6 h per week, each session being 60 min. The main outcome measures were: symptom scores, bodyweight, FVC, FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC%, sputum microscopy, sputum culture, and postero-anterior view of the CXR. RESULTS: At the end of 2 months, the yoga group showed a significant reduction in symptom scores (88.1%), and an increase in weight (10.9%), FVC (64.7%) and FEV(1) (83.6%) (P = 0.001, in all comparisons, paired t-test). The breath awareness group also showed a significant (paired t-test) reduction in symptom scores (16.3%, P= 0.02), and an increase in weight (2.1%, P= 0.003) and FEV(1) (63.8%, P= 0.04). Significantly more patients in the yoga group showed sputum conversion based on microscopy on days 30 and 45 compared to the breath awareness group (P = 0.045 and P= 0.002, respectively, chi(2) test). Ten of 13 in the yoga group had negative sputum culture after 60 days compared with four of 19 in the breath awareness group (P = 0.005, chi(2) test). Improvement in the radiographic picture occurred in 16/25 in the yoga group compared to 3/22 in the breath awareness group on day 60 (P = 0.001, chi(2) test). CONCLUSIONS: The improved level of infection, radiographic picture, FVC, weight gain and reduced symptoms in the yoga group suggest a complementary role for yoga in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯性肺结核疗效对照分析

目的 探讨肺结核合并糖尿病临床特点与疗效.方法 选取我院2006～2009年收治的肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯性肺结核患者各50例,进行分析.结果 肺结核合并糖尿病组与单纯性肺结核组病灶吸收显效率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),肺结核合并糖尿病组血糖控制不同情况的痰菌阴转疗效差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肺结核合并糖尿病时两病互有不利影响,血糖控制的抗痨效果更好.     

司帕沙星治疗肺结核的临床研究

目的评价司帕沙星治疗肺结核的疗效。方法117例初治菌阳肺结核,随机分为治疗组(2HRSP/4HR、60例)和对照组(2HRZ/4HR、57例)进行短程化疗。结果治疗组和对照组2个月痰菌阴转率分别为95.0%和82.4%;满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为98.3%和98.0%。胸部X线所见,治疗组和对照组病灶吸收率分别为98.3%和96.5%,空洞闭合率两组分别为74.2%和51.6%。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为12.5%和9.8%。结论司帕沙星是一种新的、有效的、安全的抗结核药物。     

老年人肺结核的临床分析

目的探讨老年人肺结核的临床特征。方法分析106例60岁以上老年人肺结核的临床资料。结果60岁以上肺结核患者病灶范围广、易形成空洞、痰阳性率高、合并症多、症状不典型、易造成误诊。结论对因呼吸道症状就诊的老年人,对原有肺结核病史应加以重视,积极查痰及胸部X线检查,以便及早发现,及早治疗。     

肺动静脉瘘长期误诊为肺结核12例分析

目的提高对肺动静脉瘘与肺结核病的诊断水平。方法1990年1月至2005年10月确诊为肺动静脉瘘而在外院长期误诊为肺结核的12例进行回顾分析。结果12例病人均曾被外院长期误诊为肺结核,抗结核治疗时间长短不等,最后确诊。结论结核发病率升高,使临床医生对结核的警惕性普遍增强;肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的临床表现不典型及X线胸片的多样性导致了误诊率的增加。结核病专科医师应打破结核的思维定势,包括综合性医院的医师均应熟悉包括肺动静脉瘘在内的多种肺部疾病,提高肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的诊断与鉴别水平。对痰检阴性肺结核的诊断应慎重,积极通过其他途径确诊,经验性抗结核治疗后应及时复查X线胸片,以确定诊断。胸部CT(增强)或肺动脉造影检查对肺动静脉瘘的诊断、鉴别诊断有重要作用。     

肺动静脉瘘长期误诊为肺结核12例分析

目的提高对肺动静脉瘘与肺结核病的诊断水平。方法1990年1月至2005年10月确诊为肺动静脉瘘而在外院长期误诊为肺结核的12例进行回顾分析。结果12例病人均曾被外院长期误诊为肺结核，抗结核治疗时间长短不等，最后确诊。结论结核发病率升高，使临床医生对结核的警惕性普遍增强；肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的临床表现不典型及X线胸片的多样性导致了误诊率的增加。结核病专科医师应打破结核的思维定势，包括综合性医院的医师均应熟悉包括肺动静脉瘘在内的多种肺部疾病，提高肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的诊断与鉴别水平。对痰检阴性肺结核的诊断应慎重，积极通过其他途径确诊，经验性抗结核治疗后应及时复查X线胸片，以确定诊断。胸部CT（增强）或肺动脉造影检查对肺动静脉瘘的诊断、鉴别诊断有重要作用。