肝硬化门静脉高压门脉血流动力学检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨肝硬化门脉高压患者门脉血流动力学状态并分析其与Child-Pugh肝功能分级的关系。方法：利用多普勒超声技术检测了100例肝硬化门脉高压患者及24例正常人门脉血流动力学状态,并将100例肝硬化门脉高压患者按Child-Pugh肝功能分级分析两者之间的关系。结果：肝硬化门脉高压门脉血流动力学检查与正常对照组比较、门脉高压组门静脉（PV）内径明显增宽、血流速明显减慢、血流量参数明显增加,差异有显著性意义（P＜0．01）;脾静脉（SV）肠系膜上静脉（SMV）内径（D）、血流速度（V）、血流量参数（Q）也有类似改变。A、B、C三级肝硬化的PV内径,按A、B、C顺序显示门静脉宽度逐渐增宽,C级的Dpv较A、B级均有显著性增宽（P＜0．05）,A、B级间差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）,但B级较A级也有增宽趋势,按A、B、C顺序显示 门静脉血流速度逐渐降低,且各级间比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。A、B、C级的Qpv相互比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论多普勒超声检测门脉血流动力学有助于评价肝硬化患者的肝储备功能、门静脉高压程度及预后。     

肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学检测的临床意义

目的：总结肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学改变，对诊断肝硬化的意义。材料与方法：运用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测50例肝硬化患者门静脉血流参数，按Child肝功能分级法与正常对照组30例进行对比分析。结果：肝硬化患者门静脉内径A、B、C级组比对照组增宽，门静脉平均血流速度A、B、C级组比对照组减慢，门静脉血流量A、B级组比对照组增加，C级组比对照组减少。结论：彩色多普勒超声检测门静脉血流参数，不仅能诊断肝硬化，而且能判断肝功能损害的程度。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝硬化患者脾、门静脉血流动力学的检测价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对肝硬化患者脾、门静脉血流动力学的检测价值。方法:从2018年6月-2019年5月我院收治的肝硬化患者中选取55例为观察组,另选55例肝功能正常患者为对照组,对两组脾、门静脉血流动力学情况进行观察,并对观察组中不同肝功能分级患者的脾、门静脉血流动力学指标进行比较。结果:观察组患者门静脉直径(Dpv)、门静脉血流速度(Vpv)、脾静脉血流速度(Vsv)、静脉直径(Dsv)等指标与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在观察组中随着肝功能Child-Pauh分级程度的增加,门静脉、脾静脉直径逐渐增大,且门静脉血流速度、脾静脉血流速度逐渐降低(P<0.05)。结论:应用彩色多普勒超声监测肝硬化患者脾、门静脉血流动力学指标,有助于临床动态判断病情进展状况,为制定临床诊疗方案提供参考依据。     

肝炎后肝硬化患者外周血象检测与门静脉、脾静脉的血流动力学超声改变的相关性分析

肝炎后肝硬化是一种常见的慢性疾病,多由肝炎病毒反复损害肝脏所致。肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期症状显著,主要为肝功能减退和门脉高压两大类临床表现。肝功能减退时常常伴有血液学的异常,门脉高压时门静脉及脾静脉超声的血流动力学异常。本研究目的是观察外周血象与门静脉（PV）、脾静脉（SV）血流动力学改变以及肝功能Child-Pugh分级的关系。对于了解病情的严重程度及判断预后有重要意义。     

肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术前彩色多普勒超声应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laparascopic cholecystectomy，LC）术前的应用价值。方法肝硬化胆石症纽35例．依据肝功能Child-Pugh分级标准分为3个亚组，正常对照组20例。运用彩色多普勒超声检测门脉系血管，测量门静脉最大内径、门静脉平均血流速度等血流动力学参数。结果门静脉平均血流速度随肝功能分级而逐渐降低，组间和组内均存在显著性差异（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；门静脉内径组间存在差异（P〈0．05），组内无显著性差异；除脐静脉重开外，其余门脉系血管内径增粗在Child-Pugh分级B、C二级存在较大重叠。结论彩色多普勒有助于全面评估门静脉压力和门脉侧支开放及代偿情况，为筛选LC手术病人提供重要依据。     

彩超检测门静脉在早期肝硬化诊断中的应用

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声 (CDFI)检测肝硬化早期诊断的临床特征 ,测定门静脉系统血流参数 ,提高早期诊断率。方法 :采用 (VIVID3 )型彩色多普勒超声仪 ,对于正常人及早期肝硬化患者门静脉、脾静脉系统血流动力学进行对照。结果 :早期肝硬化门静脉内径明显增宽、血流速度减慢。二者之间有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :早期肝硬化门静脉处于高循环动态状态 ,用CDFI观察门静脉及脾静脉系统血流动力学变化 ,有助于早期肝硬化的诊断     

TIPSS术后多普勒超声评价

目的：应用多普勒超声检测经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术（Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt,TIPSS）术后内支架及其血流情况,包括正常、狭窄和闭塞,探讨多普勒超声在TIPSS术后随访中的价值。方法：32例肝硬化门脉高压患者行TIPSS,术后多普勒超声检查86例次,包括支架内的血流、门静脉和脾静脉的血流方向和速度。结果：随访时间为8月~3年,二维超声清晰显示TIPSS内支架的网状回声,彩色多普勒和能量多普勒显示支架内的血流方向,频谱多普勒显示支架内以及门静脉和脾静脉的血流速度。其中5例病人多普勒血流显示支架内狭窄,支架门静脉端和肝静脉端血流速度减慢,支架内狭窄处为高速湍流。门静脉及脾静脉速度明显降低,为门静脉造影所证实。与非狭窄支架组比较,狭窄支架的血流速度测值差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）。结论：多普勒超声可以方便有效地检测TIPSS术后内支架的血流情况及早期发现分流道的狭窄,是TIPSS术后定期复查和疗效判断的首选方法。     

肝硬化门静脉高压时脾、胃-肾静脉分流的超声诊断

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉高压时自发性脾、胃-肾静脉分流的彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）表现及其在诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析门静脉高压时自发性脾、胃-肾静脉分流的21例CDFI图像特征。结果（1）自发性脾、胃-肾静脉分流声像图特点是脾、胃区与左肾之间异常走行的迂曲管道,频谱多普勒示其内血流为类似门静脉样频谱,动态观察可见其与左肾静脉相通;（2）在分流支较为粗大时可有间接的声像图表现：肝侧脾静脉内为离肝血流信号;左肾静脉内径增宽、血流速度增快及频谱形态改变。结论门静脉高压时自发性脾、胃-肾静脉分流具有典型的CDFI图像,可作为超声诊断的重要依据。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝硬化血流动力学改变检测的价值

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)探讨肝硬化患者的血流动力学改变的意义。方法 本文观察了100例肝硬化患者的门静脉(PV)宽度、血流速度、肝静脉频谱形态、肝动脉(HA)和肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的血流速度，阻力指数(RI)等项参数，并与80例健康成人进行对照。结果 显示肝硬化患者PV增宽，血流速度明显低于对照组；肝静脉频谱的负向波减低或消失；肝动脉显示率提高达98％(98／100)，明显高于对照组。SMA的RI减低。结论 本文观察的结果认为CDFI检查对肝艘化的诊断及病情变化的监测有一定的临床意义。     

超声双多普勒同时检测肝硬化肝动脉及门静脉血流供应研究

目的：观察肝硬化患者肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学的变化，探寻与肝功能血液检测指标的相关性。方法：应用超声双多普勒先进测量技术同时对60例肝硬化患者的肝动脉、门静脉的血流速度进行检测，选择60例肝功能正常的健康人作为对照组，观察肝硬化患者与正常人血流变化情况。60例肝硬化患者均进行肝功能血液检测，探寻肝动脉阻力指数、以及肝动脉、门静脉血流速度与其相关性。结果：肝硬化患者较正常人肝动脉血流速度明显增高，阻力指数增加，但门静脉血流速度较正常人略有减低。当肝动脉阻力指数大于或等于0.7时，肝硬化患者肝功能血液检测指标丙氨酸基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）至少有一项升高超出正常范围，呈正相关性。结论：肝硬化患者肝动脉与门静脉血流动力学变化与肝功能血液检测指标密切相关，有规律可寻，超声可以无创检测肝动脉与门静脉血流变化反应肝功能情况，为临床选择治疗方式及用药效果提供理论依据。     

Visualization of blood flow in hepatic vessels and hepatocellular carcinoma using B-flow sonography

PURPOSE: A B-flow sonographic technique was recently developed to provide direct visualization of blood flow with gray-scale sonography. Compared with color Doppler sonography, B-flow imaging has wideband resolution and a high frame rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of B-flow sonography for visualizing blood flow in hepatic vessels and tumor vascularity in patients with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Twenty-five patients with liver cirrhosis, including 15 with HCC, were studied by B-flow and color Doppler sonography. Blood-flow detection rates in portal veins and hepatic arteries and tumor vascularity in HCC were analyzed, and the 2 methods were compared. RESULTS: Using B-flow, blood flow was visualized in the portal vein in 23 (92%) of 25 patients and was visualized in the hepatic artery separately from the portal vein in 9 (36%) of 25 patients. The blood-flow signals were visualized only within vessels, never "bleeding" outside the vessel's lumen. Blood flow in the portal vein was observed with color Doppler sonography in all 25 patients, but the hepatic artery was never clearly separated from the portal vein. Vascularity within the HCC tumor was detected in 9 (60%) of 15 nodules with B-flow imaging, and fine arteries flowing into the tumor were observed in 6 nodules. Color Doppler sonography detected blood flow in 13 (87%) of the 15 HCC nodules. CONCLUSIONS: Blood flow in hepatic vessels and tumor vessels of HCC were visualized with B-flow sonography. B-flow sonography is a potentially useful technique for the evaluation of liver vascularity and intratumoral vessels.     

肝硬化门脉高压患者入肝血流的超声评价

目的观测肝硬化门脉高压患者入肝血管(肝动脉、门静脉)血流动力学,探讨其与Child-Pugh肝功能分级、临床预后的关系.方法应用彩色多普勒超声分别检测35例正常健康人和37例肝硬化门脉高压患者的人肝血管的血流参数,分析肝硬化门脉高压入肝血管血流动力学参数与肝硬化分级关系.结果肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉内径增宽,血流速度下降,充血指数增高,肝动脉血流阻力增高,与对照组有明显差异;肝硬化门脉高压患者Child-Pugh肝功能分级与门静脉内径无显著差异(P＞0.05),Child C级门静脉血流量显著减少,Child肝功能分级与门静脉的充血指数有关.结论测定入肝血管血流动力学参数有助于判断肝硬变门脉高压症的预后,为临床诊治提供依据.     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者门静脉血流参数的变化

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声预测肝硬化门静脉高压症(cirrhotic portal hypertension)患者食管静脉曲张破裂出血的应用价值.方法 肝硬化门静脉高压症患者81例,根据有无出血史分为出血组(36例),非出血组(45例).应用彩色多普勒超声分别检测两组的门静脉(pv)和脾静脉(sv)内径(Dpv、Dsv)、血流动力学参数并进行对比分析.结果 门静脉和脾静脉的内径、血流速度(Vpv、Vsv)及脾静脉的血流量(Qsv)在两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但门静脉血流量(Qpv)在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声检测肝硬化门静脉高压症患者门静脉和脾静脉内径及血流动力学参数,对预测肝硬化门静脉高压时食管静脉曲张破裂出血是有价值的.     

Value of Doppler sonography in assessing the progression of chronic viral hepatitis and in the diagnosis and grading of cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Doppler sonography in assessing the progression of chronic viral hepatitis and in the diagnosis and grading of cirrhosis. METHODS: Abdominal sonographic and liver Doppler studies were performed in 3 groups: 36 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, 63 patients with cirrhosis, and 30 control subjects with no evidence of liver disease. A series of Doppler indices of hepatic vascularity, including portal vein velocity, portal vein pulsatility score, flow volume of the portal vein, resistive and pulsatility indices of the hepatic artery, modified hepatic index, hepatic vascular index, waveform of the hepatic vein, and focal acceleration of flow, were measured and correlated with liver and spleen size, portal and splenic vein diameter, and presence of ascites and collateral vessels. These indices were compared across the 3 study groups and within the patient groups with respect to presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis, as determined by histologic evaluation. RESULTS: The most useful indices were portal vein velocity, the modified hepatic index, and nontriphasic flow in the hepatic vein, which were helpful in distinguishing patients from control subjects. Hepatic vascular and modified hepatic indices were useful for differential diagnosis of cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis. However, all measurements were limited in their ability to determine the severity of chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler sonography is sensitive to hemodynamic alterations resulting from inflammation and fibrosis, and if sonography is the study of choice to follow the progression of hepatitis, it will not be adequate without Doppler imaging. Doppler sonography has high diagnostic accuracy in cirrhosis despite some false-positive conditions. However, it has a limited role in clinical grading.     

用超声研究脂肪肝的血流动力学变化

目的应用彩色多普勒技术探讨脂肪肝的血流动力学变化及与脂肪肝程度的关系。方法运用彩色多普勒超声探测102例脂肪肝患者肝静脉、门静脉血流参数,分析脂肪肝病变程度及临床意义。结果重度脂肪肝的肝静脉、门静脉血流速度均低于正常值,并与脂肪肝的程度成反比。结论彩色多普勒超声技术对脂肪肝病变程度有较好的诊断价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对失代偿性肝硬化患者自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗前后的对比观察

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声评价自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者疗效的应用价值。方法经肝动脉行自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者43例,分别于治疗前1～3d内,治疗后第3个月和6个月观察患者腹水情况,肝脏形态和内部回声变化,以及门静脉系统血流颜色变化,并用超声测量肝脏门静脉内径和门静脉血流速度;脾脏厚径、脾静脉内径和脾静脉血流速度。结果①与术前比较,自体骨髓干细胞移植术后第3个月腹水量减少者35例,肝脏形态和内部回声无明显变化,门静脉和脾静脉血流颜色变明亮,门静脉血流速度增快(P<0.01);脾脏缩小,脾静脉内径变窄,以及脾静脉血流速度增快(P<0.05)。②与术前比较,术后第6个月腹水量减少者41例,且其中15例完全消失,门静脉和脾静脉血流颜色明亮,肝脏形态和内部回声未见明显变化,门静脉内径变细(P<0.05),门静脉血流速度明显增快(P<0.01);脾脏明显缩小,脾静脉内径变窄,脾静脉血流速度明显增快(P<0.01)。术后3个月与6个月比较,其门静脉血流速度,脾脏厚径减小,脾静脉内径变小,脾脏静脉血流速度增快,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声通过观察门静脉系统血流颜色及血流动力学变化,对临床评价自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者的效果有重要的指导意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在不同类型布-加综合征诊断与治疗中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在不同类型布-加综合征(BCS)诊断与治疗中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对临床拟诊的不同类型BCS患者106例及30例健康对照者进行检测,观察其特异性血管形态及血流动力学变化,与DSA对比,并治疗后随访。结果(1)超声诊断BCS90例,DSA确诊89例,超声诊断的敏感性97.8%,特异性82.4%,准确性95.3%,假阳性率17.7%,假阴性率2.3%。(2)血流动力学变化:与对照组相比,下腔静脉(IVC)狭窄者可见局部高速血流,阻塞者局部无血流信号;肝静脉(HV)扩张,血流减慢,并可见肝内侧枝血管;门静脉(PV)入肝血流速度减慢.(3)介入治疗及手术后随访:①介入治疗后,IVC病变处增宽,血流恢复,并可见支架回声,HV及PV血流速度加快;②手术治疗组,根治者可见IVC及HV血流恢复正常,人工血管转流者,可见人工血管呈螺旋管状,内血流清晰。结论彩色多普勒超声对BCS的诊断与血管造影具有良好的相关性,可明确BCS特异性异常血管形态及血流动力学变化,是BCS诊断及术后随访的可靠方法。     

Effects of diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver on portal vein flow hemodynamics

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of various degrees of diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver on portal vein blood flow with Doppler sonography. METHODS: One hundred forty subjects were examined with color and spectral Doppler sonography. The subjects were divided into 4 groups of 35 subjects each according to the degree (normal, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3) of hepatic fatty infiltration assessed on gray-scale images. The portal vein pulsatility index (VPI) and time-averaged mean flow velocity (MFV) were calculated for each subject. VPI was calculated as (peak maximum velocity - peak minimum velocity) / peak maximum velocity. RESULTS: VPI and MFV values were, respectively, 0.32 +/- 0.06 and 16.8 +/- 2.6 cm/second in the normal group, 0.27 +/- 0.07 and 14.2 +/- 2.2 cm/second in the group with grade 1 fatty infiltration, 0.22 +/- 0.06 and 12.2 +/- 1.8 cm/second in the group with grade 2 fatty infiltration, and 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 10.8 +/- 1.5 cm/second in the group with grade 3 fatty infiltration. There was a negative inverse correlation between the grade of fatty infiltration and both VPI (f = 55.3, p < 0.001) and MFV (f = 43.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The pulsatility index and mean velocity of the portal vein blood flow decrease as the severity of fatty infiltration increases.