高血压超重或肥胖与血浆内皮素一氧化氮的关系探讨

目的:研究高血压患者中超重或肥胖因素对内皮素、一氧化氮的影响。方法:选取高血压患者60例,正常血压对照组32例。根据体重指数将60例高血压患者分为超重或肥胖组(体重指数≥24)和正常体重组(体重指数<24)。采清晨空腹静脉血,测量血浆内皮素和一氧化氮含量。用SPSS统计软件对测定的结果进行统计学处理。结果:高血压组血浆内皮素浓度、一氧化氮浓度较正常对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);超重或肥胖组血浆内皮素和一氧化氮浓度较正常体重组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:超重或肥胖的高血压患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮浓度较正常体重高血压患者有显著性差异,说明超重或肥胖对高血压患者内皮功能有明显影响。     

原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响因素分析

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者非杓型血压昼夜节律形成的危险因素.方法 将患者按夜间平均动脉压下降率分为杓型组(49例)与非杓型组(83例),对患者行横断面调查,采用Logistic回归分析筛选影响因素.结果 非杓型组夜间收缩压、舒张压、血压负荷及24 h收缩压、收缩压负荷均高于杓型组(P<0.05);非杓组年龄>60岁、合并靶器官损害、超重和肥胖、睡眠质量差的患者比例均高于杓型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);Logistic回归也显示年龄增长(OR=1.071, 95%CI 1.027～1.117)、靶器官损害(OR=5.457, 95%CI 2.134～13.959)、体质指数>24 kg/m2(OR=4.341, 95%CI 1.652～11.411)、睡眠质量差(OR=2.579, 95%CI 1.039～6.403)为原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律异常的危险因素.结论 应加强对老年人、有靶器官损害、超重和肥胖、睡眠质量差的原发性高血压患者的药物疗效监测和生活方式干预,以预防及早期预测异常血压昼夜节律的发生.     

高血压患者血压变异性、昼夜节律和血压负荷与左室肥厚的关系

目的 研究高血压患者血压变异性、昼夜节律、血压负荷与高血压左室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)的关系.方法 运用动态血压监测,对67例高血压患者和30例健康者进行动态血压监测,高血压患者根据超声心动图测定的左室质量指数分为LVH组和无LVH组.采用动态血压监测仪作24 h动态血压监测得血压平均值、血压变异性、血压昼夜节律及血压负荷.测定左室质量指数.结果 ①LVH组较无LVH组的24 h、白昼、夜间收缩压和舒张压平均值均显著增高;②无LVH组的24 h、白昼、夜间收缩压变异均显著高于正常对照组,LVH组的24 h、白昼、夜间收缩压变异、白昼舒张压变异均显著高于正常对照组,LVH组的24 h、白昼、夜间收缩压变异均显著高于无LVH组;③LVH组的24 h、白昼、夜间收缩压负荷和舒张压负荷显著高于无LVH组,尤其是夜间血压负荷和24 h收缩压负荷(P<0.001);④正常对照组和无LVH组的非杓型检出率无显著差异,而这两组和LVH组之间非杓型检出率有显著差异.结论 原发性高血压患者血压变异性、血压昼夜节律和血压负荷值与高血压左室肥厚关系密切,并对高血压左室肥厚有重要的预测和评估价值.     

高血压前期体检人群24h动态血压监测血压水平与体质指数的关系

目的探讨高血压前期体检人群血压水平与体质指数的关系。方法选取2008年3月至2013年12月于成都军区总医院附属口腔医院体检中心体检者264例,依体质指数分不同分为正常组(53例)、超重组(137例)和肥胖组(74例)。采用生化仪检测血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标;SECA检测仪测量身高和体质量;汞柱血压计测量白天静息15 min后的坐位血压;血压监测仪监测24 h动态血压,记录24 h平均血压、白天平均血压、夜间平均血压、白天和夜间血压负荷、白天和夜间血压变化标准差。结果超重组、肥胖组血糖高于正常组[(5.9±1.1)mmol/L、(6.3±1.8)mmol/L比(5.4±0.8)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);超重组、肥胖组TG高于正常组[(2.2±1.6)mmol/L、(3.0±2.9)mmol/L比(1.4±0.7)mmol/L],肥胖组高于超重组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);超重组和肥胖组HDL-C低于正常组[(1.21±0.25)mmol/L、(1.15±0.28)mmol/L比(1.45±0.38)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。超重组和肥胖组的24 h平均舒张压、白天平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压高于正常组[(79±9)mmHg、(78±8)mmHg比(74±8)mmHg;(79±8)mmHg、(79±8)mmHg比(74±8)mmHg;(74±9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 k Pa)、(71±8)mmHg比(67±9)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),超重组和肥胖组夜间舒张压负荷低于正常组[(30±4)%、(26±5)%比(16±5)%],肥胖组低于超重组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,患者的体质指数与24 h平均舒张压、白天平均舒张压、白天舒张压变化标准差、夜间舒张压变化标准差相关(P<0.05)。结论超重和肥胖能引起高血压前期的患者血压水平、血压负荷和血压变异性大大增加,导致高血压前期向高血压的转化率增加。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的相关性。方法根据动态血压监测结果将60例患者分为正常昼夜节律组(n=34)和异常昼夜节律组(n=26),并对患者行心脏超声检查,测定室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)和左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT),按Devereux公式计算各自的左心室质量(LVM)和左心室质量指数(LVMI)。结果两组年龄、体质量指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、全天平均收缩压、全天平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、IVST和LVDd比较均无显著性差异。两组夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、LVPWT、LVM和LVMI比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。异常昼夜节律组左心室肥厚检出率显著高于正常昼夜节律组(P<0.01)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚显著相关,异常的血压昼夜节律提示可能存在更严重的心室肌损伤。     

高血压伴轻、中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者夜间低氧血症与动态血压参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压伴轻、中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者夜间低氧血症与动态血压参数变化的关系。方法:对69例高血压伴轻、中度OSAHS患者进行夜间持续经皮血氧饱和度监测,次日行24h动态血压监测。根据夜间最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)结果,将患者分为高血压合并轻度低氧血症组(A组,22例)、高血压合并中度低氧血症组(B组,26例)及单纯高血压组(C组,21例),进行三组的一般状况及24h动态血压各指标对比分析,并进一步行LSaO2、体重指数(BMI)、年龄与24h动态血压各指标相关性分析。结果:69例患者中杓型组19例,占27.5%;非杓型组50例,占72.5%。A组24hSBP,24hDBP,24hHR,dSBP,dHR,nSBP,nHR、偶测SBP(cSBP)、偶测DBP(cDBP)与C组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);B组上述指标与C组相比有极显著差异(P<0.01);低氧血症组中86.0%患者动态血压昼夜节律消失。高血压合并轻、中度低氧血症组(A、B组)与单纯高血压组(C组)血压昼夜节律异常者存在显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:高血压伴OSAHS者血压增高的程度以及血压昼夜节律异常与夜间低氧血症密切相关。     

原发性高血压患者动态血压负荷、昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的关系

目的　探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者动态血压负荷、昼夜节律改变与左心室肥厚的关系。方法　采用2 4h动态血压监测 (2 4hABPM)仪 ,对 92例高血压患者进行监测 ,并应用超声心动图检查确定分为左心室肥厚(LVH)组和无LVH组。对比 2 4h、白天及夜间血压负荷值和血压昼夜节律的参数指标。结果　两组血压负荷值、血压昼夜节律差异有显著统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高血压LVH组男女患者间血压负荷值、昼夜节律差异无显著统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　动态血压负荷值及血压昼夜节律高血压LVH密切相关 ,对左心室肥厚的发生和预后有重要的评估价值     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的相关性

目的 探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的相关性.方法 根据动态血压监测结果将60例患者分为正常昼夜节律组(n=34)和异常昼夜节律组(n=26),并对患者行心脏超声检查,测定室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)和左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT),按Devereux公式计算各自的左心室质量(LVM)和左心室质量指数(LVMI).结果 两组年龄、体质量指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、全天平均收缩压、全天平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、IVST和LVDd比较均无显著性差异.两组夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、LVPWT、LVM和LVMI比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).异常昼夜节律组左心室肥厚检出率显著高于正常昼夜节律组(P＜0.01).结论 老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚显著相关,异常的血压昼夜节律提示可能存在更严重的心室肌损伤.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对高血压患者血压的影响

目的：观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）对高血压患者24h动态血压及血压昼夜节律的影响。方法：102例高血压患者根据多导睡眠仪监测结果分为单纯高血压组（53例）,高血压合并轻度OSAS组（23例）,高血压合并中重度OSAS组（26例）,观察各组的动态血压及血压昼夜节律。结果：高血压合并中重度OSAS组、高血压合并轻度OSAS组与单纯高血压组比较,夜间平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压升高,血压昼夜节律下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停加剧了高血压患者夜间血压的升高及血压昼夜节律异常,应重视对高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者,行24h动态血压监测。     

高血压肝阴虚、肝阳亢型血压昼夜节律与心率变异性相关性研究

[目的]探讨高血压肝阴虚和肝阳亢型患者血压昼夜节律模式对心率变异性(HRV)指标的影响及其临床意义.[方法]采用主症辨证法将87例高血压患者分为肝阳亢组和肝阴虚组,同期分别作动态血压监测及动态心电图HRV分析.[结果]肝阳亢组呈血压昼夜节律正常(杓型改变),肝阴虚组呈血压昼夜节律消失(非杓形改变).2组患者24 h收缩压和舒张压均值、白昼收缩压和舒张压均值比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而夜间收缩压和舒张压均值肝阴虚组高于肝阳亢组(P＜0.05);动态心电图HRV分析中,肝阴虚组全天24 h、日间、夜间等3个时段多项心率变异性指标较肝阳亢组均有明显下降(P＜0.01),此组患者24 h平均动脉压与窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)呈线性负相关,相关系数为-0.408(P＜0.01).[结论]高血压病患者血压昼夜节律异常与HRV减低及其昼夜节律消失密切相关,血压昼夜节律消失与自主神经功能严重受损有关.肝阴虚型高血压患者血压昼夜节律消失,且有一定自主神经功能受损.动态血压和HRV监测值可作为原发性高血压辨证分型的客观指标之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.