分离性垂直斜视手术探讨

目的探讨分离性垂直斜视(Dissociated vertical deviation,DVD)的有效手术方法。方法对40例58眼DVD根据双眼视力状况,双眼上斜程度及合并其他类型斜视进行综合分析,设计手术。双眼DVD不伴有下斜肌功能亢进者,若双眼视力良好,且上斜程度相等者做双眼上直肌等量后徙术;双眼上斜程度不等者做双眼上直肌不等量后徙或先做上斜明显眼手术。若单眼弱视明显先做弱视眼手术。单眼DVD,仅做单眼手术。伴有下斜肌功能亢进者做下斜肌缩短4-5mm后徙转位术。DVD合并水平斜视者,尽可能一期完成。否则,先矫正水平斜视,6个月后行DVD矫正术。上直肌后徙按1mm矫正3Δ计算,最大后徙量为8mm。结果40例58眼DVD,50眼满意(85．21％), 8眼好转(13．79％)。结论对不伴有下斜肌功能亢进的DVD行上直肌超常量后徙术疗效满意;伴有下斜肌功能亢进的DVD行下斜肌缩短4-5mm后徙转位术疗效满意。     

上斜肌麻痹合并分离性垂直斜视的手术治疗

目的探讨上斜肌麻痹合并分离性垂直斜视（DVD）的手术治疗方法。方法对24例27眼DVD根据双眼视力状况、上斜程度及合并其他类型斜视进行综合分析设计手术,均先行下斜肌后徙转位术,术后半年9眼二次行上直肌后徙术。结果治疗效果23眼满意（85．19％）,4眼好转（14．81％）,术后双眼单视功能明显改善。结论下斜肌后徙转位术联合上直肌大量后徙术分次治疗是矫正上斜肌麻痹合并DVD的一种有效方法。     

分离性垂直斜视手术

目的 探讨分离性垂直斜视(DVD)的最有效的手术方法.方法 对36例(56眼)DVD根据不同情况设计手术.双眼DVD不伴有下斜肌功能亢进者,且上斜程度相等者行双眼上直肌等量后徙术;双眼上斜程度不等者行双眼上直肌不等量后徙,或先行上斜明显眼手术,改期行另眼手术;伴有下斜肌功能亢进者行下斜肌断腱并转位术合并上直肌后徙术;单眼DVD仅行单眼手术;单眼弱视明显先行弱视眼手术.合并水平斜视者尽可能同时完成,否则先矫正水平斜视,6个月后矫正DVD.结果 47眼疗效良好(83.92%),8眼好转(14.28%),1眼无效(1.78%).结论 对不同类型的DVD采用不同的手术方法均收到比较好的疗效.     

伴下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜的手术治疗

目的探讨伴下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜（DVD）的手术方式及效果分析。方法回顾性分析28例合并下斜肌亢进DVD手术方式,原在位垂直斜度较小选择单纯下斜肌转位术;大度数垂直斜视行下斜肌后徙联合同侧上直肌后徙术。三棱镜加遮盖法检查垂直斜度,反复检查3次,取平均值;下斜肌亢进分＋1～＋4;术后随访1个月至3年。结果术前下斜肌亢进28例（41只眼）,其中双眼13例;亢进＋1,4只眼;＋2,20只眼;＋3,16只眼;＋4,1只眼。下斜肌亢进均得到矫正。单纯下斜肌转位22例（30只眼）,单眼14例,双眼8例。近期满意率85．71％。远期满意率71．42％。下斜肌后徙＋同侧上直肌后徙术6例（15只眼）,双眼5例,单眼1例;双眼5例中4例满意,1例好转,其中2例术后出现轻度上转受限;单眼1例,效果满意,但术眼出现轻度上转受限,睑裂变小。结论伴有下斜肌亢进DVD垂直斜度较小时下斜肌转位术效果良好;垂直斜度较大需行下斜肌减弱＋同侧上直肌后徙术,上转肌同时减弱术,双眼手术比单眼安全。     

不同术式治疗DVD远期疗效观察

目的：探讨分离性垂直斜视(dissociate dyertical deviation，DVD)的手术方法和疗效。方法：回颐分析40例(70眼)DVD患者，分别采用上直肌后徙术和下斜肌截除 转位术分组进行研究。结果：40例(70眼)随访平均36(12～96)mo.上直肌后徙组22例(40眼)，满意17例(77．3％)，好转3例(13．6％)，无效2例(9．1％)。下斜肌截除 转位组18例(30眼)，满意12例(66．7％)，好转4例(22．2％)，无效2例(11．1％)。结论：DVD临床表现复杂，没有固定的手术模式，需灵活选择符合具体病情的相应术式。当DVD合并下斜肌亢进时，根据下斜肌亢进的程度和垂直眼位的高低首选下斜肌不同程度的截除 转位术，无下斜肌亢进时，首选上直肌后徙术。双眼DVD不对称时选择非对称性手术。     

早期手术治疗先天性内斜视40例临床观察

目的探讨先天性内斜视的手术治疗时机、手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾分析40例先天性内斜视,年龄6个月～7岁,平均（4．47±1．52）岁。戴镜均不能矫正眼位。其中合并下斜肌亢进者16例（40．00％,单眼9例,双眼7例）;合并DVD的9例（22．5％,单眼5例,双眼4例）;合并隐性眼球震颤者6例（15．00％）。高A／C且斜视角在＋30°以内者行单眼内直肌后徙术;存＋40°～＋60°之间者行双眼内直肌后徙术;＋61°～＋80°者行单眼内直肌后徙联合外直肌缩短术;大于＋80°者行双眼内直肌后徙联合非主导眼外直肌缩短术;合并下斜肌亢进者一并手术解决;合并DVD者先行内斜视矫正术,3个月后观察眼位,冉行垂直斜视手术矫正。术后随访6～48个月,平均21个月。结果术后正位32例（≤＋10°）,正位率80．00％,欠矫8例（≥＋10°）,欠矫率20．00％,无过矫者,无任何并发症。15．00％患者不同程度的恢复了双眼视功能。结论先天性内斜视早期诊断,早期手术治疗,有利于视功能的恢复。     

分离性垂直偏斜的手术治疗

目的探讨分离性垂直斜视的手术治疗。方法 22例患者（34只眼）,分别采用上直肌大量后徙术和下斜肌后徙转位术,对其疗效进行比较分析。结果 11例（16只眼）行上直肌后徙术,满意14只眼（满意率87.5%）,改善2只眼（改善率12.5%）,11例（18只眼）行下斜肌后徙转位术,满意13只眼（满意率72.2%）,改善5只眼（改善率27.8%）。结论上直肌大量后徙和下斜肌后徙转位均为治疗垂直分离性偏斜的有效手术,合并下斜肌亢进时,可首选下斜肌后徙转位术,无下斜肌亢进时,首选上直肌后徙术。     

分离性垂直斜视手术治疗的临床观察

探讨分离性垂直斜视有效的手术治疗方法。 方法:回顾性分析38例61眼分离性垂直斜视患者行上直肌大量后徙,合并下斜肌亢进者同时行下斜肌后徙转位术的临床资料。观察术后效果。 结果:术后满意46眼,满意率75%,术后改善14眼,改善率23%,无效1眼。 结论:上直肌大量后徙术和下斜肌后徙转位术是治疗分离性垂直斜视的有效方法。合并有下斜肌亢进者,首选下斜肌后徙转位术,无下斜肌亢进者,首选上直肌后徙术。     

分离性垂直性偏斜手术疗效分析

目的为讨论分离性垂直性偏斜(dissociated Vertical deviationDVD)手术治疗方法对15例(25眼)第一诊断为DVD患者，手术治疗方案进行经验总结。方法单纯DVD做上直肌后徙术，DVD合并下斜肌亢进者做下斜肌断腱加转位至下直肌附着点颞侧，DVD合并水平斜视同时联合水平斜视矫正术。结果1．DVD疗效标准：痊愈：垂直斜视消失或小于10^△；好转：垂直斜视较术前减少10^△以上；无效：垂直斜视无改善或改善小于10^△。2．治疗结果：痊愈12例(80％)，好转2例(13％)，无效l例(7％)。结论DVD患者双眼虽然分离不相等，但尽量行双眼等量手术，如果双眼分离相差10^△以上做双眼上直肌不等量后徙手术，如伴有下斜肌亢进应做下斜肌断腱加转位术。     

下斜肌减弱术在先天性麻痹性垂直斜视治疗中的应用

目的探讨下斜肌减弱术在不同类型先天性麻痹性垂直斜视治疗中的效果及手术选择的基本原则。方法分析近2年行手术治疗的先天性麻痹性垂直斜视患者65例(82眼),根据垂直斜视的度数分别行下斜肌截腱术,下斜肌后徙转位前徙术和下斜肌后徙转位前徙联合上下直肌徙后术。结果垂直斜视的治愈好转率达89.1%,行断腱术者60眼,平均矫正8.33±4.25°;转位术18眼平均矫正13.45±5.91°;联合术4眼,平均矫正22.00±9.79°。术后46例代偿头位改善或消失,66眼下斜肌功能亢进改善或消失;术后出现同时视者22例,建立融合功能者5例,获得立体视觉者3例。结论下斜肌减弱术是治疗先天性麻痹性垂直斜视的首选术式,该术式简单易行,疗效可靠,术后早期疗效明显,有一定促进双眼单视恢复的功能。     

急性共同性内斜视矫正手术中可调节缝线的效果观察

目的观察术中置可调节缝线矫正急性共同性内斜视的效果。方法12例急性共同性内斜视进行手术治疗,术中置可调节缝线,术后同视机训练15d。结果术后复视情况：11例看远看近复视消失,均恢复双眼单视;1例欠矫8^△,1m以内复视消失,1m以外复视较前明显减轻。结论急性共同性内斜视全矫手术置可调节缝线效果良好。     

Adjustable suture surgery for correction of various types of strabismus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to analyze the efficacy of the adjustable suture technique for correction of strabismus in patients with different types of strabismus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an observational case series of patients who underwent the adjustable suture technique for correction of strabismus. A total of 33 adult patients (16 males and 17 females) with a minimum postoperative follow-up period of 6 months were included in the study. Patients were analyzed in three groups (patients with exotropia, esotropia, and vertical deviations). Success criteria determined were percentage change in the angle of deviation for far and near fixation, need for reoperation, and relief of diplopia. RESULTS: The median percentage change in the angle of deviation for far and near fixation was 86.60% and 84%, 92.50% and 94.44%, and 100% and 100% in the exotropia, esotropia, and vertical deviation groups, respectively. There was no need for reoperation, and postoperative adjustment performed 24 hours after surgery was needed in 30.3% of patients due to diplopia. CONCLUSIONS: The adjustable suture technique seems to be an effective method in the correction of various types of strabismus.     

Intraoperative adjustable suture strabismus surgery under topical and subconjunctival anesthesia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the postoperative surgical results of intraoperative adjustable suture strabismus surgery under topical and subconjunctival anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For 44 patients who had undergone intraoperative adjustable suture technique under topical anesthesia, the deviations were measured preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, and at the last postoperative follow-up visit. The mean follow-up period was 7.8 months. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients had exotropia and 11 had esotropia. Mean age was 28.8 years. The success rates for exotropia and esotropia at the last follow-up visit were 81.8%. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative adjustable suture strabismus surgery under topical and subconjunctival anesthesia is the recommended surgical technique due to the successful results and various advantages compared with non-adjustable surgery, including the decreased rates of overcorrection or undercorrection that appear immediately after surgery and reoperation. Postoperative "drift" toward the original deviation was observed under longer follow-up periods than other studies.     

复杂性斜视手术显微镜下眼外肌调整缝线式手术的效果

目的:观察手术显微镜下眼外肌调整缝线式手术治疗复杂性斜视的效果。方法:回顾性分析郑州市第二人民医院2015年1月至2018年12月就诊的191例复杂性斜视的临床资料。所有患者均在全麻下行手术显微镜下眼外肌调整缝线手术矫正斜视,其中83例为超长量手术。全麻苏醒后或次日观察眼位及有无复视或复视是否消失,如需调整缝线则在局麻或全麻下进行调整。随访观察6个月。结果:术后全部眼位矫正良好、复视消失,未出现肌肉滑脱等并发症。结论:对复杂性斜视行手术显微镜下眼外肌调整缝线斜视矫正术,手术成功率较高,手术反应少。     

甲状腺相关眼病眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视的手术疗效观察

目的探讨甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视的斜视矫正手术治疗效果。方法回顾性系列病例研究。选取2016年3月至2018年10月在天津市眼科医院因TAO行眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视行斜视矫正手术治疗的11例患者资料。斜视矫正手术前、后检查患者斜视度数、眼球运动,观察复视情况。手术均在监护下麻醉联合局部麻醉下进行,术中采用被动牵拉试验结合调整缝线方法,调整至第一眼位复视消失。术后定期随访。结果11例患者中男性1例,女性10例;年龄26~42岁;均为单纯内斜视伴复视;内斜视度数10~98三棱镜度;眼眶CT提示患者内直肌不同程度增厚,外直肌增厚程度较内直肌轻。2例患者行单眼内直肌后徙术,2例行双眼内直肌后徙术,2例行单眼内直肌后徙联合外直肌缩短术,另外5例行双眼内直肌后徙联合单眼外直肌缩短术。11例患者术中内直肌后徙量为3.5~7.5 mm,7例联合外直肌缩短术患者外直肌缩短量为2.0~6.0 mm。全部患者术后复视消除,第一眼位正位,均达到治愈标准。眼球运动术前外转受限分级为(-1.91±1.04)级,术后外转受限分级为(-0.64±0.81)级。11例患者均对手术结果满意,术后随访6~24个月,效果稳定,未发现远期过矫患者。结论应用术中调整缝线技术,斜视矫正手术可以有效治疗TAO眼眶减压术后继发的内斜视伴复视。     

儿童部分调节性内斜视的治疗及调整缝线在手术中的应用

目的 探讨儿童部分调节性内斜视的术前治疗、手术时机与手术量以及调整缝线在治疗中的应用。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京儿童医院眼科接受手术治疗的部分调节性内斜视患者30例。方法 对手术治疗的部分调节性内斜视患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患儿术前矫正屈光异常,观察斜视度稳定,并予适当弱视治疗,在双眼视力相当的情况下进行手术,按照裸眼和戴镜斜视度的平均值设计手术量。术中常规使用调整缝线技术,术后早期依据眼位情况决定是否需要调整。术后随访6~15个月。观察眼位及双眼视功能。主要指标 术后眼位、双眼视功能、眼位调整情况。结果 有3例患儿进行了眼位调整,均为过矫,避免了二次手术。末次随访时30例患者中26例（87%）眼位在正位~+8△之间,4例（13%）眼位+10△~+15△。术前能合作行双眼视功能检查者19例,有双眼视功能者2例（11%）。末次随访时能合作双眼视功能检查者21例,有双眼视功能者15例（71%）。结论  内斜视伴有调节因素时应及时全矫配镜,在残余斜视度稳定、双眼矫正视力基本相当后应尽早手术。手术设计根据戴镜与裸眼视近的平均斜视度,调整缝线有助于保证术后早期的眼位满意,降低了二次手术的风险。（眼科, 2013,22: 121-123）     

周期性内斜视的屈光状态与临床治疗

目的 探讨周期性内斜视的屈光状态与治疗方法。方法 对２４例周期性内斜视者用１％阿托品液散瞳验光检验屈光度。斜视日与正位日用三棱镜测量斜视度,用同视机检验双眼立体视觉。手术量按斜视日最大斜视角有设计。结果 轻度、中度远视２３例。斜视日均有复视。正位日均有双眼立体视觉,斜视矫正术后２３例在斜视日与非斜视日眼位均矫正有正常的立体视觉。结果 为获得正常的双眼立体视功能,应在周期性期间及早手术。手术量控斜视     

Long-term results of adjustable suture surgery for strabismus secondary to thyroid ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To review the results of adjustable suture surgery in patients with strabismus secondary to thyroid ophthalmopathy to determine long-term outcome and to identify postoperative complications. METHODS: The records of 1524 patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy were retrospectively reviewed to identify those who required treatment for strabismus in the ocular motility clinic. Treatment consisted of adjustable suture surgery, prisms, or both. Elimination of diplopia in primary and reading positions was used at the criterion for success. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were treated with adjustable suture surgery, with an average follow-up of 41 months. Results after 1 or more surgeries were: 47% excellent, 26% good, 19% fair, and 9% poor. Significant postoperative complications included eyelid retraction and A-pattern exodeviation. Sixteen of 18 patients with fair or poor outcomes after the initial surgery were recognized within 6 months. Postoperative changes in vertical deviation from primary position to downgaze were predictive of postoperative diplopia in downgaze. Analysis of multiple preoperative characteristics showed no statistically significant associations with outcome. Eight additional patients had adequate relief of diplopia using prisms alone, with an average follow-up of 49 months. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term symptomatic relief of diplopia was obtained in the majority of patients using adjustable suture strabismus surgery, combined occasionally with small amounts of prism postoperatively. Prisms alone provided effective long-term relief in patients with small-to-moderate deviations.     

Advancements in diagnosis and surgical treatment of strabismus in adolescent and adults

PURPOSE: To present complete process of pre-operative strabismus diagnosis, which can be used for prediction of post-operative diplopia in adolescents and adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved three patients, who were qualified for the surgical treatment of strabismus. Complete pre-operative diagnosis predicting potential post-operative diplopia was performed in all patients. The prismatic test for diplopia, hyperfunctional muscle botuline toxin injection, and prism correction were performed RESULTS: Regarding the results of tests, two patients were qualified for surgical treatment. None of them suffered from diplopia after this treatment. The third patient in pre-operative tests showed unacceptably high risk of intolerable diplopia. CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative diplopia in adolescents and adults represents a serious problem, especially in susceptible patients. Accurate and complete pre-operative diagnosis allows for risk reduction in post-operative diplopia. The predictive test for post-operative diplopia, botuline toxin injection and prism correction in isolation are not always able, to give a reliable indication, as to the sensory status following strabismus surgery. A combination of the three above mentioned techniques give more reliable diagnosis. For patients, who can possibly suffer from post-operative diplopia, the adjustable suture technique should be applied.     

Surgical treatment in a case of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia

PURPOSE/METHODS: The purpose is to discuss the surgical result in a case with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) associated with strabismus and diplopia. The authors present a patient with mitochondrial myopathy and CPEO who was treated using adjustable recessions with local anaesthesia. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Five months after surgery improvement in ductions were maintained and there was no diplopia or torticollis. We support operating these cases with CPEO associated with strabismus. The adjustable suture technique allowed us a satisfactory result in immediate postoperative.