Non-surgical management of intracranial subdural hematoma complicating spinal anesthesia

We report the case of a 29 year-old woman who presented a symptomatic intracranial subdural hematoma developing shortly after spinal anesthesia. The patient was fully conscious at clinical onset, and thus we treated her conservatively with an epidural autologous blood patch and close neurological observation. Given the clinical improvement the possibility of surgery was discauded in agreement with the neurosurgical team. Most cases of subdural hematoma appearing after spinal anesthesia are treated with surgery. In the present case the subdural hemorrhage was detected at our hospital 20 days after the anesthetic procedure, and given the excellent state of consciousness, we choosed a conservative management.     

Spontaneous chronic spinal subdural hematoma associated with spinal arachnoiditis and syringomyelia

Spontaneous chronic spinal subdural hematoma is rare. We describe a case of spontaneous chronic spinal subdural hematoma associated with arachnoiditis and syringomyelia in a 76-year old woman who presented with a 14-year history of progressive myelopathy. MRI scan revealed a thoraco-lumbar subdural cystic lesion and a thoracic syrinx. The patient underwent thoracic laminectomy and decompression of the lesion, which was a subdural hematoma. A myelotomy was performed to drain the syrinx. Pathological examination revealed features consistent with chronic subdural membrane. This report attempts to elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic spinal subdural hematoma. We discuss possible etiological factors in light of the current literature and pathogenesis of both spinal subdural hematoma and syrinx formation.     

Subacute subdural hematoma presenting as reversible ischemic attacks

We describe the case of a right-handed, 83 yeard-old woman with CT-documented left frontal subacute subdural hematoma showing reversible right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia. We discuss possibile pathogenetic mechanism for this unusual condition and emphasize that the clinical evaluation cannot always distinguish ischemic causes for certain. Therefore CT-scan is an essental investigative tool before initiating therapy in patients suspected of having cerebrovascular diseases.

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Sommario Descriviamo il caso di una donna destrimane di 83 anni che ha presentato una emiparesi destra con afasia reversibile e alla TC cranica la presenza di una ematoma subdurale subacuto frontale sin. Vengono analizzati i possibili meccanismi patogenetici e si sottolinea come la valutazione clinica da sola non sempre permette di distinguere con certezza le cause di ischemia cerebrale. La Tomodensitometria costituisce pertanto un mezzo diagnostico essenziale prima di iniziare la terapia nei pazienti con sospetto di cerebropatia vascolare.

     

Generalized chorea associated with bilateral chronic subdural hematoma

A variety of acquired disorders cause chorea, such as hypoxia-ischemia injury, drugs, toxins, infections, autoimmune disorders, and endocrine and electrolyte abnormalities, but rarely subdural hematoma. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with sudden onset of generalized choreiform movements 1 day prior to admission. Computed tomography revealed a bilateral lateral convexity subdural effusion, which was later confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging as a chronic subdural hematoma. After surgical evacuation of the subdural hematoma, the choreoathetoid movements ceased completely. We propose that transient ischemia in the bilateral subcortical regions was from compression and distortion of the brain by the bilateral hematomas and resulted in generalized chorea.     

Traumatic induced total myelomalacia of the cervical spinal cord associated with a space-occupying subdural hematoma

We report the case of a 20-year-old male driver who suffered from a trauma to the cervical vertebral column in a head-on collision with a tree. The injuries included subluxation of the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae and fracture of the odontoid process of the axis with ventrally directed displacement of the proximal fragment and dorsally directed displacement of the distal fragment. Already at admission to hospital a space-occupying spinal subdural hematoma was diagnosed. Clinically, paraplegia was diagnosed with progressive loss of consciousness. Pneumonia led to death 40 days after the accident. Autopsy disclosed a total myelomalacia of the cervical spinal cord obviously resulting from an ischemia caused by a traumatic lesion of the dorsal truncus arteriosus spinalis as well as a compression by the spinal subdural hematoma.     

罕见硬脑膜下血肿合并硬脊膜下血肿1例并文献复习

硬脑膜下血肿（SDH）合并硬脊膜下血肿十分罕见。该文报道1例不明原因的蛛网膜下腔出血患者同时并发SDH合并硬脊膜下血肿,并回顾以往报道的病例,综述其危险因素、发病机制、临床表现、治疗及预后。国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 47-51]     

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges associated with subdural hematoma.

A case presenting with headaches, organic dysfunction with visual hallucinations, and incontinence of urine, all of two days' duration is described here. EEG obtained on the fourth hospital day showed right-sided PLEDS and on the fifth hospital day a generalized seizure occurred. The other clinical and laboratory data led to a diagnosis of bilateral subdural hematomas. The patient recovered following surgical treatment. No etiologic factor other than the subdural hematomas was found to explain the PLEDS. Possible mechanisms of pathophysiology are discussed.     

Simultaneous cranial subarachnoid hemorrhage and spinal subdural hematoma

We report a rare case of simultaneous cranial subarachnoid and spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) in a 42-year-old man who was on Warfarin therapy after cardiac bypass surgery. Computed tomography at presentation revealed a cranial subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a spinal SDH extending from the T6 to L5 segments. He had paraparesis due to spinal cord compression. The patient was managed conservatively due to his poor general condition and was infused with intravenous steroid therapy, but he experienced sudden cardiac arrest 5 hours later after being admitted to the hospital. This case is of interest because of its first presentation of spinal subdural hematoma and cranial subarachnoid hemorrhage simultaneously and it is also the second longest vertebral segmental spread in the literature.     

Nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma associated with clopidogrel

A 73-year-old female treated with clopidogrel for vascular disease presented with sudden onset of back pain, urinary retention and paraplegia. MRI scans demonstrated a thoracolumbar epidural hematoma and the patient underwent emergency laminectomy for evacuation of the hematoma. A possible causal link between clopidogrel and occurrence of the hemorrhage is discussed and the literature on spontaneous spinal hematomas is reviewed.     

A rare, high cervical traumatic spinal subdural hematoma

Spinal subdural hematomas (SSDH) are rare lesions occurring in association with a wide variety of conditions, including anticoagulation, coagulation disorders, spinal anesthesia, lumbar puncture, spinal tumors and vascular malformations. SSDH resulting from trauma are the exception. We present a 62-year-old woman with a rare post-traumatic focal SSDH at C1 with bulbomedullary compression, treated successfully with surgery. A review of the literature revealed 26 patients with traumatic SSDH. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and management of traumatic SSDH. The controversial pathogenesis is also discussed.