孕晚期母亲铁状态对胎盘ferroportin1表达的影响

目的研究孕晚期母亲不同铁营养状态下胎盘ferroportin1(FP1)的蛋白定位、蛋白表达及其mRNA的表达。方法临床选择不同铁营养状态的孕妇,收集分娩时的胎盘。采用免疫组织化学方法测定FP1蛋白的定位,Western Blot测定蛋白表达量的变化,采用实时定量RT-PCR测定mRNA表达。结果FP1蛋白主要表达在人足月胎盘的合体滋养细胞(STB)胞浆;母亲不同铁营养状态下胎盘FP1蛋白和mRNA的表达均无明显变化。结论孕晚期胎盘FP1蛋白和mRNA的表达不受孕妇铁状态的影响。     

Serum transferrin receptor and zinc protoporphyrin as indicators of iron status in African children

BACKGROUND: Although transferrin receptor (TfR) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) are often used to define iron status in school-age children in developing countries, the diagnostic cutoffs for this age group are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of TfR and ZnPP in predicting iron deficiency in black and white children in Africa. DESIGN: Hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), TfR, and ZnPP were measured in children in C?te d'Ivoire and Morocco. We excluded children with elevated CRP and then used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate TfR and ZnPP alone and in combination in screening for iron deficiency, defined as an SF concentration <15 mug/L, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), defined as an SF concentration <15 mug/L and low hemoglobin. RESULTS: The sample included 2814 children aged 5-15 y. The sensitivity and specificity of TfR and ZnPP were limited by considerable overlap between iron-sufficient, nonanemic children and those with IDA. On the basis of ROC curves, we identified diagnostic cutoffs for TfR and ZnPP that achieved specificities and sensitivities of approximately 60-80%. Separate cutoffs for C?te d'Ivoire and Morocco gave the best performance; the cutoffs for both TfR and ZnPP were higher in C?te d'Ivoire. Moreover, a comparison of nonanemic, iron-sufficient subjects showed that Ivorian children had significantly higher TfR and ZnPP concentrations than did Moroccan children (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: New diagnostic cutoffs for TfR and ZnPP, based on ROC curve analyses, may improve the performance of these indexes in defining iron status in children. Significant ethnic differences in TfR and ZnPP suggest that separate cutoffs may be needed for black and white children.     

不同方式补充铁对学龄前儿童生长发育和铁营养状况的影响

目的　观察每日补充铁与间歇性补充铁对学龄前儿童生长发育和铁营养状况的影响。方法　选择日托幼儿园 3～ 6岁儿童 35 3名 ,按整群随机的原则按班分为 3组 ,分别为每日补充组 ( 1周 5次 ,周一至周五 ) ,每周补充一次组 ,安慰剂对照组。补充期为 14周。结果　每日补充组和每周补充一次组儿童的血红蛋白和血清铁蛋白含量均显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中每周补充一次组儿童血红蛋白显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,红细胞游离原卟啉含量显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。干预结束后 ,两个补充组儿童的铁缺乏率显著低于对照组 ;每日补充组儿童的体重增长 ( 0 74± 0 5 5 )kg ,显著高于对照组的 ( 0 5 6± 0 5 7)kg。结论　补充多种微量营养素可以改善儿童的生长发育状况。对于铁缺乏较轻的儿童 ,可采用间歇性补充铁替代每日补充铁来改善铁营养状况     

孕母铁缺乏对新生儿铁水平的影响

目的:通过对孕母及新生儿铁相关指标的追踪调查探讨孕母铁缺乏对新生儿铁水平的影响。方法:全程追踪81例孕母,分别于孕早、中、晚期及分娩时测定血液中血红蛋白(Hb)、网织红细胞(Ret)、网织红细胞成熟指数(RMI)、血清铁(SI)、血清铁蛋白(SF)和血清转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)。结果:孕母孕早期各组间SF和SI的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。孕中期及孕晚期各组间SF的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。全程缺铁性贫血(IDA)组、中晚孕期IDA组与全程正常组组间比较及孕中晚期不同铁水平组间比较SI及SF的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:孕母不同孕期、不同程度铁缺乏对新生儿脐血铁水平有影响,孕母轻度铁缺乏会影响新生儿铁贮备,孕母缺铁越早对新生儿铁贮备的影响越大。     

间断口服铁剂改善儿童贫血及铁储备状态的研究

【目的】探讨不同口服铁剂补充方式改善儿童贫血及铁储备状态的作用。【方法】共107名营养性缺铁性贫血患儿随机分为常规量每日口服铁剂治疗组(A组),两日间隔口服铁剂治疗组(B组)以及每周间隔口服铁剂治疗组(C组)。测定三组患儿治疗前后血红蛋白(hemoglobing,HB)、红细胞平均容积(mean corpuscular volume,MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白量(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)和红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(mean corpuscular hemoglobinconcentration,MCHC)、血清铁蛋白(serumferritin,SF)、可溶性转铁蛋白受体(soluble transferrin receptor,sTfR)水平及TfR-F指数。【结果】治疗后各组HB、MCV、MCH、MCHC以及SF均显著升高(P<0.05)而sTfR和TfR-F指数则明显降低(P<0.05),但组间无差异(P>0.05)。贫血改善率也无组间差异(P>0.05),但B组和C组的副反应发生率显著低于A组(P<0.05)。【结论】间断口服铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血副作用小,服药次数...     

急性时相反应对学龄前儿童维生素A与铁评价指标的影响

【目的】了解急性时相反应对学龄前儿童维生素A和铁状况评价指标的影响。【方法】检测385名学龄前儿童血清视黄醇、铁蛋白、血红蛋白以及C-反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)水平并分析指标间内在关系。【结果】不同CRP水平儿童的血红蛋白浓度无明显差异(P0.05),CRP≥10 mg/L儿童血清视黄醇浓度明显低于CRP10 mg/L儿童,铁蛋白则相反(P0.05)。CRP≥10 mg/L儿童维生素A不足发生率显著高于CRP10 mg/L儿童。调查对象维生素A不足发生率为34.03%,但1.56%儿童伴感染;铁储备正常率为53.25%,但3.12%儿童伴感染。【结论】急性时相反应对维生素A和铁等营养评价指标有明显影响,人群营养评价应同时考虑感染的影响。     

Predictors of iron status in well-nourished 4-y-old children

BACKGROUND: Iron status in childhood is influenced by diet. Other factors affecting iron status at that age are unclear. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to evaluate iron status in 4-y-old children, to track that status from infancy to childhood, and to examine the associations of iron status with dietary factors, growth, and heredity. DESIGN: This study consisted of a longitudinal follow-up at age 4 y of children (n = 127) from the cohort of a study that began at age 6 mo. Blood samples and anthropometry were assessed in both children and their parents; food records were collected from children only. RESULTS: Dietary intake was not significantly correlated with hemoglobin concentrations, whereas the consumption of meat products had a positive effect on serum ferritin concentrations and mean corpuscular volume in boys (P = 0.015 and 0.04, respectively). The prevalences of anemia and iron deficiency were low, affecting 2 (1.8%) and 3 (2.8%) children, respectively; no child had iron deficiency anemia. There was significant within-subject tracking of hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume from age 6 mo to 4 y. The mother's but not the father's hemoglobin correlated with the child's hemoglobin over time. CONCLUSIONS: Food choices had little effect on iron status. Hemoglobin concentrations and mean corpuscular volume were tracked from infancy to childhood. In healthy, well-nourished children with a low prevalence of iron deficiency, the mother's hemoglobin was significantly associated with that of her child, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.     

儿童维生素A与铁营养状况的相关性研究

目的了解中国儿童维生素A(VA)的营养状况、VA缺乏率、VA边缘缺乏率,研究血浆VA与铁营养状况的相关性。方法由2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”的大样本中随机抽取380名3~12岁儿童,检测血浆VA含量,同时测定血红蛋白(Hb)、总铁结合力(TIBC)、铁蛋白(SF)及转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)。了解儿童VA营养状况,计算VA缺乏率、VA边缘缺乏率,研究VA与铁营养状况评价指标的相关性。结果受试儿童VA平均含量为(1·03±0·24)μmol/L,其中8·4%儿童VA缺乏,44·7%儿童VA边缘缺乏。血浆VA与Hb呈正相关(r=0·16986,P<0·01),与sTfR呈负相关(r=-0·12863,P<0·05),与TIBC、SF不相关。结论铁缺乏伴随VA边缘缺乏在中国儿童中普遍存在,VA与铁营养状况存在相关性。     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠铁营养状况的影响

目的 研究维生素A(VA)缺乏对大鼠铁营养状况的影响及其可能的机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠40只．按体重随机分为IVA和铁缺乏组，ⅡVA完全缺乏组，ⅢVA轻度缺乏组，Ⅳ VA正常对照组。实验动物喂饲8周后处死，测定血清VA、血清铁、铁蛋白、血红蛋白、肝内总铁含量，并用逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测各组大鼠肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达情况。结果 维生素A缺乏显地降低血清铁蛋白、血红蛋白和肝内总铁含量。抑制肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达。结论 维生素A缺乏可能通过降低肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达水平从而抑制了铁的吸收和转运。     

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6-36 month old Togolese children

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a daily oral iron supplementation on hematological status, cell-mediated immunity and susceptibility to infections in children living in an environment where iron deficiency, malaria and other infections are frequent. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind iron supplementation including a placebo group. SETTING: A village in Togo, West Africa. SUBJECTS: Of the 229 6-36-month-old children of both sexes recruited, 197 with hemoglobin concentration >/=80 g/l were included and 163 completed the study. INTERVENTION: Children received daily a placebo (n=79) or a dose of 2-3 mg of elemental iron per kg of body weight (n=84) for 3 months. Hematological, nutritional and immune status were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation period, and 6 months later. Morbidity was recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: Iron supplementation had a significant and positive effect on iron status of children and no impact on the incidence of infections, especially malaria. Its probable effect on immune status was masked by interference of infections and their treatment, which contributed to improve hematological and immune status in both groups. CONCLUSION: According to the negative consequences of anemia and iron deficiency on global child development, control of iron deficiency by oral iron supplementation in young children has to be conducted, associated with prophylaxis and treatment of malaria and repeated deworming. SPONSORSHIP: Program supported by IRD. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 29-35     

Effect of iron fortification of nursery complementary food on iron status of infants in the DPRKorea

The aim of this study was to determine the iron status of infants who consumed porridge cooked in water with added ferrous sulphate. A total of 234 infants, aged 6-12 months, were recruited from 36 nurseries in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK North Korea) and randomly divided into iron (Fe) and placebo groups. At baseline, almost half the children had Hb<110 g/L and no significant differences between the two groups were found with regard to hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence. The Fe group received rice porridge fortified with 10 mg of iron (as ferrous sulfate) per day, added to the water in which the rice was cooked and the placebo group non-fortified cereal for 6 months. After which, the hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured and it was found that the proportion of children with anemia (Hb<110 g/L) was lower (24.3% v 48.1% p<0.01), the Hb levels (117.6 g/L v 109.8 g/L p<0.001) and serum ferritin were higher (40.7 v 26.8 mcg/L p<0.001); and iron deficiency anemia (Hb<110 g/L, SF<12 mcg/L) was lower in the Fe group (3% v 22% p<0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Ferrous sulphate, added to the water in which rice was cooked, lowered the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia of infants in the DPRK with no adverse reactions. This simple fortification would be suitable as a nationwide program in the DPRK and other countries with large infant nurseries.     

Effect of daily and intermittent iron supplementation on iron status of high school girls

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of daily versus intermittent iron supplementation on iron status of high school girls in Zahedan and Rasht cities in 1996-1997. The subjects were selected randomly from among students of grades 1-3 of four high schools in each city. Anemia was determined by measuring hematological indices. 260 anemic and a similar number of non-anemic subjects of 4 high schools were selected and allocated randomly to 4 treatment groups. During a 3-month period, the test groups were given 150 mg ferrous sulfate tablets (50 mg Fe). Subjects in group 1 received a daily dose, groups 2 & 3 received twice or once weekly doses respectively. The control group received no iron supplement. For these subjects, in addition to hematological indices biochemical iron indices were measured in the beginning and at the end of the study. The increases in hemoglobin concentration in anemic subjects were not significantly different among supplemented groups but were different from the control group (p < 0.00001). Among anemic subjects, changes in serum ferritin levels in 3 supplemented groups were significantly different from the control group. Serum ferritin in Group 1 was also increased to a greater extent than groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.00001). It is concluded that over the study period a weekly iron dose was as effective as a daily dose in treating anemia but the daily dose was more effective in improving iron stores than a weekly dose in the short run.     

Dietary intakes,iron status and growth status of southeast Asian refugee children

Seventy two Southeast Asian refugee children, age 2–60 months, were examined using 24-hour dietary recalls, hemoglobin or hematocrit measurements, and height and weight measurements. The mean nutrient intake was considered adequate as compared to the NRC RDA. Several children had consumed a number of servings of highly fortified breakfast cereal thus consuming the highest levels of nutrients. Those with the lowest nutrient intakes were older infants who consumed formula exclusively. The iron status was considered adequate with the mean hemoglobin at 12g and hematocrit at 37.2%. On NCHS references over two-thirds of the children were considered stunted in height. However, by Thailand references less than one-fourth would be considered stunted. Iron status and growth status were considered to be adequate given the ethnic background and early experience. The mothers' beliefs about foods leading to excessive intake of highly fortified foods as well as prolonged infant formula feeding need further investigation.     

Iron status in 6-y-old children: associations with growth and earlier iron status

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the iron status of 6-y-old children and its association with growth and earlier iron status. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, children's body size measurements were recorded and blood samples taken near their sixth birthday. SUBJECTS: A sample of 188 children, randomly selected in two previous studies, was contacted, and 139(74%) agreed to participate. RESULTS: No children had iron deficiency anaemia, one was iron-deficient (serum ferritin (SF) <15 microg/l and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <76 fl but 16% had depleted iron stores (SF<15 microg/l). Iron status indices were generally higher than at 1 and 2 y, but correlation was seen between iron status indices at 6 y and earlier values. Haemoglobin concentration at 6 y was negatively associated with length gain from birth to 1 y (B+/-s.e.=-1.269+/-0.452; P=0.007; adj. R2=0.119) (n=52), and proportional weight gain from birth to 1 y was higher among children with SF<15 microg/l at 6 y (295+/-33%; n=10) than those with SF> or =15 microg/l (258+/-31%; n=49) (P=0.001). MCV at 2 y predicted weight gain from 2 to 6 y (B+/-s.e.=1.721+/-0.581; P=0.005; adj. R2=0.153) (n=44); also, children with SF<15 microg/l at 6 y (n=9) gained 7.8+/-1.2 kg from 2 to 6 y, while children with SF> or =15 microg/l (n=35) gained 9.6+/-2.8 kg (P=0.007), furthermore a difference was seen in proportional weight gain from 2 to 6 y between children with depleted iron stores at 2 y and not, or 156+/-13 vs 169+/-18% (P=0.038). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that low iron status at 1 and 2 y might lead to slower growth up to 6 y of age. Low iron status at 1 and 2 y and/or slower growth from 1 and 2 y up to 6 y might contribute to worse iron status at 6 y, while faster growth in early childhood is related to lower iron status.     

Effect of iron-fortified candies on the iron status of children aged 4-6 y in East Jakarta, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutrition problem in young children. One possible strategy to prevent iron deficiency anemia in this population group is the fortification of affordable food. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess whether iron-fortified candies can improve iron status and are acceptable to children aged 4-6 y. DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in Jakarta, INDONESIA: The children were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: a fortified group (n = 57) and a placebo group (n = 60). Every week for 12 wk, 30 g (10 pieces) candy was given to the children. The candy given to the fortified group contained 1 mg elemental Fe/g and very small amounts of other vitamins and minerals. RESULTS: The hemoglobin concentration of the fortified group increased by 10.2 g/L (95% CI: 8.3, 12 g/L) whereas that of the placebo group increased by 4.0 g/L (2.0, 6.0 g/L; P < 0.001). Anemia prevalence decreased from 50.9% at the start of the intervention to 8.8% after 12 wk of intervention in the fortified group (P < 0.001) and from 43.3% to 26.7% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). After 12 wk of intervention, the serum ferritin concentration was 71% higher than at baseline in the fortified group and 28% higher in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Acceptability of the iron-fortified candies was good. The per capita cost of the supplement was approximately US$0.96-1.20 for the 12 wk of intervention. CONCLUSION: Iron-fortified candies were effective for improving the iron status of young children and might be an affordable way to combat iron deficiency in children of low-to-middle income groups.     

Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased the prevalence of anaemia and improved iron status, whereas weekly iron supplementation only improved iron status in Vietnamese school children

In Vietnam, nutrition interventions do not target school children despite a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. The present randomised, placebo-controlled study evaluated the impact of providing school children (n 403) with daily multiple micronutrient-fortified biscuits (FB) or a weekly Fe supplement (SUP) on anaemia and Fe deficiency. Micronutrient status was assessed by concentrations of Hb, and plasma ferritin (PF), transferrin receptor (TfR), Zn and retinol. After 6 months of intervention, children receiving FB or SUP had a significantly better Fe status when compared with the control children (C), indicated by higher PF (FB: geometric mean 36·9 (95?% CI 28·0, 55·4) μg/l; SUP: geometric mean 46·0 (95?% CI 33·0, 71·7) μg/l; C: geometric mean 34·4 (95?% CI 15·2, 51·2) μg/l; P?相似文献   

补充维生素A与铁对改善学龄前儿童贫血和免疫功能的影响

目的为观察学龄前儿童亚临床维生素A(VA)缺乏状态缺铁时,机体免疫功能的变化以及VA与铁同时补充对改善儿童铁营养状况和免疫功能的影响.方法检测北京农村270名3～7岁儿童血清VA含量和血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁(SI)、运铁蛋白饱和度(TS)及血清铁蛋白(SF)后,将其分为正常、低 VA、低铁和低VA低铁4组,每组选40人,检测血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM 与白细胞介素-2(IL-2).然后将低VA低铁组儿童随机分为补铁组 (每日口服相当于30 mg元素铁的硫酸亚铁,连续8周)和补VA+铁组(口服VA胶丸12 500 IU /次,2次/周,连续8周;口服铁量同补铁组,连续8周),分别进行干预.干预后重复检测血清VA、血液铁生化指标和以上免疫指标,进行两组间比较,并与干预前比较. 结果低VA低铁组儿童血清IgM为(1 260±310) mg/L显著高于正常组的(1 0 7 0±170) mg/L.对其实施VA+铁联合干预后,血清TS为(26.5±8.6)%,明显高于补铁前的(16.2±1.6)%和单纯补铁组的(22.3±3.8)%;IL-2在VA与铁同时补充后为(2 78.9±117.7) ng/L,显著高于补充前的(161.6±90.3) ng/L和单纯补铁组的(189 .5 ±89.3)ng/L的水平;其他铁生化指标和免疫指标无明显变化.结论对存在亚临床VA缺乏状态的缺铁儿童实施一定剂量的VA+铁联合干预,对改善机体铁营养状况和免疫功能有明显作用.     

Actions of black tea and Rooibos on iron status of primary school children

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of black tea and Rooibos on the iron status of primary school children. This parallel intervention trial included 175 children who were randomly allocated to receive 2 200-mL servings of either black tea or Rooibos daily with milk and sugar. The children received antihelminthic treatment (500 mg mebendazole) at baseline. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin were measured, and total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation were calculated. Dietary intakes were measured by means of 24-hour dietary recalls, and anthropometric measurements were taken. A malnourished population in anthropometric indices and nutrient intakes was identified. Biochemical markers of iron status also indicated a population at risk for iron depletion. Children in the black tea group had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations, and children in both groups had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity after the intervention. Changes in biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. During the intervention period, the changes in dietary intakes were similar in the black tea and the Rooibos groups but with increased heme iron intakes in the black tea group. Iron status markers seemed to improve from baseline to the end of the study in both of the study groups. One possible reason is the antihelminthic treatment the participants received when the study commenced.