基于小波变换的乳腺X线影像微钙化点感兴趣区域提取新技术

为乳腺癌早期诊断和乳腺X线影像微钙化点计算机辅助检测作前期预处理,提出了一种基于小波变换的微钙化点感兴趣区提取新技术。其具体思路是:(1)将乳腺区域图像提取成等大的子图像;(2 )对每一幅子图像进行小波变换,根据特征参数ρ讨论最优小波变化参数和阈值T;(3)根据阈值T判别子图像是否属于感兴趣区。对临床实际病例(2 0幅乳腺X线影像)的试验结果表明,该方法具有较高的检出率(89.7% ) ,和较为满意的假阳性率(2 .1% )。     

基于滑动块的深度卷积神经网络乳腺X线摄影图像肿块分割算法

目的:提出一种基于滑动块的深度卷积神经网络局部分类、整图乳腺肿块分割的算法,为临床诊断提供有效的肿块形态特征。方法:首先通过区域生长算法和膨胀算法提取患者乳腺区域,并进行数据归一化操作。为了得到每一个像素位置上的诊断信息,在图像的对应位置中滑动提取肿块类及非肿块类图像块,根据卷积神经网络提取其中的纹理信息并对图像块进行分类。通过整合图像块的预测分类结果,进行由粗到细的肿块分割,获得乳腺整图中像素级别的肿块分割。结果:通过比较先进的深度卷积神经网络模型,本文算法滑动块分类结果DenseNet模型下准确率达到96.71%,乳腺X线摄影图像全图肿块分割结果F1-score最优为83.49%。结论:本算法可以分割出乳腺X线摄影图像中的肿块,为后续的乳腺病灶诊断提供可靠的基础。     

乳腺X线图像肿块分割

乳腺肿块分割是乳腺癌计算机辅助诊断(CAD)检测和识别系统中关键的一步.由于乳腺肿块与背景相互交叠、边界不清晰、乳房密度不均匀,使得其分割比较困难.本文基于区域增长算法,研究了利用乳腺肿块自身特征得到最优分割阈值的方法,从而提出一种对乳腺X线图像肿块快速、有效的分割方法.实验结果表明该方法在保证肿块针状化特征情况下,拥有较好的分割效果.     

基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取

目的乳腺癌的早期发现对患者意义重大。为帮助医生进行乳腺癌的早期检查和诊断,本文提出利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法来提取乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域,在提高检查准确性的同时避免漏检误检。方法首先利用灰度共生矩阵所提取的能量、熵、对比度、相关性以及小波分解后得到的各层高频系数的方差、能量作为图像的特征向量,然后利用支持向量机进行训练建立最优分类模型。最后利用建立的最优分类模型实现乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取并利用检出率和误检率对结果进行评估。结果使用临床数据进行验证,结果表明利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法能有效提取乳腺图像中的微钙化点区域。结论基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取方法比单一的图像纹理特征提取或小波分析等方法,提取的效果更好。另外,该方法设计简单,更易于实现乳腺癌的自动化诊断。     

基于自适应能量偏移场无边缘主动轮廓模型的乳腺肿块分割与分类方法研究

目的:为提高乳腺癌检测的精准度和效率,提出了一种基于自适应能量偏移场无边缘主动轮廓模型（AEOF-CV）的乳腺肿块分割与分类方法。方法:首先采用中值滤波、阈值分割及区域连通进行图像预处理,去除图像噪声;然后使用伽马变换及形态学运算相结合的方法进行图像增强;其次,采用AEOF-CV对弱对比度图像提高分割精度,用于乳腺肿块分割,得到感兴趣区域;最后使用不同提取特征方法,结合支持向量机识别感兴趣区域是否有肿块,并对存在肿块的图像判别肿块的良、恶性。结果:实验利用DDSM数据库中350个图像进行测试,实验结果证明,基于AEOF-CV乳腺肿块分割方法可以得到肿块清晰外部轮廓,具有较好的鲁棒性,误分率可达到0.212 0。无肿块样本识别率达到94.57%,恶性肿块识别率为97.91%,良性肿块识别率为96.96%,总识别率达94.00%。结论:基于AEOF-CV的乳腺肿块分割效果较好,误分率相对CV方法降低19.17%,查准率和查全率达到了0.851 9和0.836 5,全局分析性能较好,是乳腺肿块分割的有效方法,可为后续模式识别提供可靠依据。     

新型乳腺磁共振增强图像肿瘤区域的自动分割模型

乳腺磁共振增强图像上,乳腺癌主要有肿块型和非肿块型两种强化方式。由于乳腺肿瘤区域相对较小,肿块型和非肿块型之间形态学差异大,非肿块型自身差异性复杂,因而很难精确分割出乳腺肿瘤区域。针对这些问题,提出一套新颖的粗检测细分割的深度学习模型(YOLOv2+SegNet)。该模型在精准分割之前,首先运用YOLOv2网络在乳腺可能的肿瘤区域进行粗检测,从而得到大致可能的肿瘤区域;接下来在粗检测的基础上,针对检测到可能的肿瘤区域,运用SegNet网络进行精细分割,从而实现算法最优的性能。为了验证YOLOv2+SegNet模型的有效性,从医院采集的数据集中选取560张乳腺MRI增强图像作为训练和测试(其中训练和测试集分别为415张和145张乳腺MRI数据)。在实验的过程中,运用YOLOv2+SegNet模型,分别对乳腺肿块型、非肿块型、肿块和非肿块混合型3类MRI数据进行肿瘤区域自动分割的实验。实验结果表明:YOLOv2+SegNet模型和SegNet网络分割结果的Dice系数相比有约10%的提升,与传统的C-V模型、模糊C均值聚类、光谱映射主动轮廓模型以及深度模型U-net、DeepLab相比有更为明显的提升。     

基于模型的乳腺X线图像胸肌分割算法研究

本文提出了一种基于模型的乳腺X线图像分割胸肌区域的新算法。该算法利用一组不同尺寸的感兴趣区(ROI)作用到乳腺X线图像，进而将每一个ROI得到的最优阎值组合成一条最优阎值曲线以及与该曲线对应的局部均方差曲线。在此基础上，根据我们提出的近似真实乳腺图像胸肌模型的特征，自动确定图像中胸肌区域的最佳分割阈值。最后，使用两段直线粗拟舍和多边形精拟合，精确提取出了阈值化的胸肌边界。通过对多达60幅临床乳腺X线图像的实际测定，得到了比较理想的胸肌边界检测效果。     

一种用于尿沉渣图像的自适应阈值分割新方法

我们针对复杂散焦的尿沉渣图像的精细分割,首先使用小波变换和形态学处理消除散焦影响并进行图像的粗分割,然后对粗分割得到的小波变换子图像进行自适应阈值处理,结合形态学处理完成细分割,最后再采用剥离算法处理粘连重叠成分。该方法不受散焦影响,充分利用了图像的多种信息,实验结果表明,该方法对尿沉渣图像的分割有效且令人满意。     

数字乳房X射线图像的肿块分割算法研究

为了使临床医生从数字乳房X射线图像中得到更多有用的肿块信息,通过研究增强后的数字乳房X射线图像,结合图像特点,提出利用区域生长方法对图像进行肿块分割的算法.此算法可以有效地分割出图像中的肿块区域,并很好地保持了肿块的边缘信息.     

基于小波变换的医学图像去噪声处理

利用中值滤波和基于小波变换的去噪声处理对同时含有高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的X线图像降噪方法进行探讨.采用PSNR评价标准分析实验结果,表明小波变换结合中值滤波方法在去除噪声的同时较好地保持了原图像所包含的边缘信息,处理效果优于单纯的小波变换或单纯的中值滤波.     

Computer-Aided Identification of the Pectoral Muscle in Digitized Mammograms

Mammograms are X-ray images of human breast which are normally used to detect breast cancer. The presence of pectoral muscle in mammograms may disturb the detection of breast cancer as the pectoral muscle and mammographic parenchyma appear similar. So, the suppression or exclusion of the pectoral muscle from the mammograms is demanded for computer-aided analysis which requires the identification of the pectoral muscle. The main objective of this study is to propose an automated method to efficiently identify the pectoral muscle in medio-lateral oblique-view mammograms. This method uses a proposed graph cut-based image segmentation technique for identifying the pectoral muscle edge. The identified pectoral muscle edge is found to be ragged. Hence, the pectoral muscle is smoothly represented using Bezier curve which uses the control points obtained from the pectoral muscle edge. The proposed work was tested on a public dataset of medio-lateral oblique-view mammograms obtained from mammographic image analysis society database, and its performance was compared with the state-of-the-art methods reported in the literature. The mean false positive and false negative rates of the proposed method over randomly chosen 84 mammograms were calculated, respectively, as 0.64% and 5.58%. Also, with respect to the number of results with small error, the proposed method out performs existing methods. These results indicate that the proposed method can be used to accurately identify the pectoral muscle on medio-lateral oblique view mammograms.     

Combined adaptive enhancement and region-growing segmentation of breast masses on digitized mammograms.

As an ongoing effort to develop a computer aid for detection of masses on mammograms, we recently designed an object-based region-growing technique to improve mass segmentation. This segmentation method utilizes the density-weighted contrast enhancement (DWCE) filter as a pre-processing step. The DWCE filter adaptively enhances the contrast between the breast structures and the background. Object-based region growing was then applied to each of the identified structures. The region-growing technique uses gray-scale and gradient information to adjust the initial object borders and to reduce merging between adjacent or overlapping structures. Each object is then classified as a breast mass or normal tissue based on extracted morphological and texture features. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of this combined segmentation scheme and its ability to reduce false positive (FP) detections on a data set of 253 digitized mammograms, each of which contained a biopsy-proven breast mass. It was found that the segmentation scheme detected 98% of the 253 biopsy-proven breast masses in our data set. After final FP reduction, the detection resulted in 4.2 FP per image at a 90% true positive (TP) fraction and 2.0 FPs per image at an 80% TP fraction. The combined DWCE and object-based region growing technique increased the initial detection sensitivity, reduced merging between neighboring structures, and reduced the number of FP detections in our automated breast mass detection scheme.     

Fully automated gradient based breast boundary detection for digitized X-ray mammograms

Accurate segmentation of the breast from digital mammograms is an important pre-processing step for computerized breast cancer detection. In this study, we propose a fully automated segmentation method. Noise on the acquired mammogram is reduced by median filtering; multidirectional scanning is then applied to the resultant image using a moving window 15×1 in size. The border pixels are detected using the intensity value and maximum gradient value of the window. The breast boundary is identified from the detected pixels filtered using an averaging filter. The segmentation accuracy on a dataset of 84 mammograms from the MIAS database is 99%.     

Identification of masses in digital mammogram using gray level co-occurrence matrices

Digital mammogram has become the most effective technique for early breast cancer detection modality. Digital mammogram takes an electronic image of the breast and stores it directly in a computer. The aim of this study is to develop an automated system for assisting the analysis of digital mammograms. Computer image processing techniques will be applied to enhance images and this is followed by segmentation of the region of interest (ROI). Subsequently, the textural features will be extracted from the ROI. The texture features will be used to classify the ROIs as either masses or non-masses. In this study normal breast images and breast image with masses used as the standard input to the proposed system are taken from Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) digital mammogram database. In MIAS database, masses are grouped into either spiculated, circumscribed or ill-defined. Additional information includes location of masses centres and radius of masses. The extraction of the textural features of ROIs is done by using gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) which is constructed at four different directions for each ROI. The results show that the GLCM at 0o, 45o, 90o and 135o with a block size of 8X8 give significant texture information to identify between masses and non-masses tissues. Analysis of GLCM properties i.e. contrast, energy and homogeneity resulted in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve area of Az = 0.84 for Otsu's method, 0.82 for thresholding method and Az = 0.7 for K-mean clustering. ROC curve area of 0.8-0.9 is rated as good results. The authors' proposed method contains no complicated algorithm. The detection is based on a decision tree with five criterions to be analysed. This simplicity leads to less computational time. Thus, this approach is suitable for automated real-time breast cancer diagnosis system.     

Computer aided detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms

Microcalcification detection is widely used for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Nevertheless, mammogram visual analysis is a complex task for expert radiologists. In this paper, we present a new method for computer aided detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms. The detection is performed on the wavelet transformed image. The calcifications are separated from the background by exploiting the evaluation of Renyi's information at the different decomposition levels of the wavelet transform. Experiments are performed on a standard and publicly available dataset and the results are evaluated with respect to recent achievements reported in the literature.     

基于超声图像的乳腺钙化点自动检测技术

当前乳腺钙化点检测方法多基于X光片,难以应用于超声图像,本研究提出基于超声图像的乳腺钙化点自动检测技术,首先将乳腺超声图像中的肿瘤区域通过勾画模板提取出来,基于简单线性迭代聚类算法进行超像素分割;然后提取表征各超像素的特征量来计算显著性图,基于钙化区域显著性进行粗钙化点分割;最终对分割后的粗钙化点进行形态学检测,达到对超声图像中的细钙化点自动检测。该方法取得了较好的分割效果,具有较强的鲁棒性,为形成具有普适性的肿瘤自动诊断方案奠定了研究基础。     

基于Mean Shift的三维医学图像交互式分割方法

目的：提出一种新的三维医学图像交互式分割方法,利用Mean Shift算法将空间域与特征域相结合的高维计算优势,直接对图像的三维空间分布信息进行处理,同时采用人工与计算机相结合的交互式分割方法在医学图像序列上分割出感兴趣区域。方法：通常将Mean Shift方法用于图像分割都需要对整幅图像中的所有像素点进行大量的迭代计算,这样使得分割效率很低。而本文基于交互式分割算法原理,通过在感兴趣区域人工设定一个或少数几个初始点,利用人工给出的先验信息只需对感兴趣区域进行Mean Shift的自适应迭代计算和处理,不仅可以克服上述缺陷,还能得到较为精确的分割结果。结果：本文根据该方法进行了实验,从肺部图像序列中准确地分割出了三维的肺结节区域,从时间上和准确度上均能满足临床需求。结论：实验结果证明该交互式分割方法是一种非常有效的三维医学图像分割方法。本文的方法可以同时联合灰度域和空间域特征实现分割,而且它基于所选择的分割特征还具有任意多维空间联合分割的潜力,不失为一种深有发展前景的三维交互式分割方法。