Gluteal compartment syndrome. A report of 4 cases.

Four cases of gluteal compartment syndrome are presented, 1 traumatic and 3 after an overdose of sedatives. Associated lesions included sciatic nerve palsy in 2 cases and acute renal failure in 1. Three cases with intramuscular pressure exceeding 60 mmHg underwent emergency fasciotomy. Intramuscular pressure monitoring is useful for evaluating the effect of fasciotomy.     

Gluteal compartment syndrome after total knee arthroplasty with epidural postoperative analgesia

We describe two patients who developed gluteal compartment syndrome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) carried out under epidural analgesic infusion and light sedation. To our knowledge, this occurrence has not been described previously after TKA.     

Gluteal compartment syndrome following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a case report

Compartment syndromes occur when the elevated tissue pressure within a confined limb's myofascial compartment exceeds capillary pressure, with subsequent neurovascular compromise. In order to reduce disability and the consequences of ensuring ischemia, it is essential for early recognition and intervention. This is more commonly recognized in the calf. We report an unusual case of gluteal compartment syndrome after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.     

Anterior spinal artery syndrome following total hip arthroplasty under epidural anaesthesia

We present a case of anterior spinal artery syndrome in a 57-year-old man having a total hip arthroplasty under epidural anaesthesia. Epidural insertion and surgery were uneventful. Postoperatively bilateral lower limb motor weakness was attributed to the initial dose of local anaesthetic. There was no change in neurological status 24 hours later. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated spinal cord infarction. The diagnosis of anterior spinal artery syndrome was made based on the patient's neurological condition and MRI findings.     

臀筋膜间室综合征2例报告

病例1：男,46岁,酒后昏迷7h收住内科。酗酒后倒在卫生间,7h后被发现送医院。入院时体检：呈深昏迷状态,压眶反射消失,右前额可见一血肿,右臀横纹处有擦痕。次日患者渐醒后,觉右臀部疼痛、肿胀、皮肤发亮,右下肢疼痛及小腿麻木。查体：右臀肿胀、张力高,局部皮温稍高,压痛明显,压之有右下肢放射痛,右髋关节伸髋及外展时疼痛明显,轴向叩击痛不明显,右小腿内外侧及足背皮肤感觉减退,躅背伸力下降。臀部X线片见软组织弥漫性肿胀。右臀部CT扫描：右臀部软组织显著肿胀,内有不规则低密度区,CT值为3924Hu。     

Gluteal compartment syndrome following posterior cruciate ligament repair

Compartment syndrome is a rare but important complication which may occur following injury or surgery to the lower limb. We present a case of contralateral gluteal compartment syndrome following arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament repair.In order to gain a greater understanding of this complication, we undertook a limited study to investigate the effect of patient position on gluteal compartment pressures.Three volunteers were positioned in such a way as to recreate the intra-operative position of the patient described. Gluteal compartment pressures were calculated by placing weighing scales under each buttock and measuring the surface area over which the weight was distributed.Mean pressures exerted on the gluteal compartment of the non-operated leg were significantly higher (mean=44 mmHg) than those of the operated leg (mean=24 mmHg). The difference was significant with P<0.001.This limited study has shown that care should be taken when positioning patients on an operating table to reduce the risk of compartment syndrome. Factors that should be taken into account include mean diastolic pressure, length of operation and the surface area in contact with the operating table.     

Bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome after total hip arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia

The gluteal compartment syndrome is uncommon and is discussed in only a few published case reports. The simultaneous bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome is exceptionally rare and is tackled in only 4 case reports to date. We report a case of bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome after total hip arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia and discuss its management.     

Compartment syndrome following total knee arthroplasty: a report of seven cases

Compartment syndrome is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty that requires early recognition and prompt decompression in order to prevent long-term disability. We have found only one previous case report in the literature. We present a series of seven cases from four hospitals and five surgeons. Six of the cases resulted in the loss of at least one compartment, and one resulted in amputation. Four of the cases resulted in legal action. We suggest that important risk factors contributing to the development of this condition include complex surgery, soft-tissue compromise, previous surgery, and possibly vascular disease. Delay in the diagnosis and hence delay in decompression was common in our series, and in five cases appeared to be related to the use of a postoperative epidural infusion for pain relief. The presence of associated neurological compromise may have also been a significant factor in the delay to diagnosis in two cases.     

Iatrogenic spinal infection following epidural anaesthesia: case report

We present a case of epidural spinal abscess as a rare complication of epidural anaesthesia and discuss the diagnosis and management of this condition in patients presenting without neurological deficit.     

Charcot's joint secondary to neurologic complications of epidural anaesthesia: a case report

Neurogenic arthropathy or Charcot's Joint is an articular pathology that can strike patient with neurological effects or can be the result of a neurological lesion with deficit of the superficial and deep sensitivity. In this article we introduce one case Charcot's Joint of the hip, caused by an epidural anaesthesia performed for a surgery of the other hip.     

Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm following manipulation under anaesthesia for atypical wrist injury

Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm may arise from various causes. The aetiology, diagnosis and treatment have been the subject of several reviews. However, isolated wrist injury leading to acute compartment syndrome is rare. We report an unusual combination of bony and soft tissue trauma to the wrist leading to acute compartment syndrome in a young male. A combination of a high index of suspicion and prompt intervention was used to prevent the devastating sequel that could have arisen from this condition.     

Gluteal compartment syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionGluteal compartment syndrome is a rare but devastating condition with limited characterization in the literature. The purpose of our systematic review, case series, and meta-analysis is to synthesize the current literature and provide recommendations on how to prevent gluteal compartment syndrome, identify at-risk patients, and avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.MethodsInternational Classification of Disease codes were used to identify patients at our institution. PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case reports between 1972 and March 1st, 2018. Cases were analyzed based on demographics, etiology, presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Results139 cases – 13 from our institution and 126 previously published – were included. The most common etiologies were postoperative (41%), prolonged immobilization secondary to substance abuse or loss of consciousness (35%) and trauma (19%). 89% were male, mean age was 45 years (range, 16-74), and mean body mass index was 41 kg/m². Rhabdomyolysis and sciatic neuropathy were identified in 94% and 74% of patients, respectively. Fasciotomy was performed in 80% of patients. Overall, 93% of patients survived. However, 41% of patients suffered prolonged neurologic dysfunction. In patients with an initial neurologic deficit, there was a higher rate of permanent neurological deficit in patients treated medically than those treated surgically (12/14 vs 29/61, p=0.0153), but no statistical difference in mortality (0/14 vs 4/61, p=1). In patients without initial neurologic deficit, there were no statistical differences in rates of permanent neurological deficit (0/7 vs 2/20, p=1) or mortality (0/7 vs 3/20, p=0.545) between those receiving medical or surgical treatment.DiscussionGluteal compartment syndrome is an orthopaedic emergency that may be more prevalent and associated with higher morbidity and mortality than previously recognized. Risk factors may include prolonged surgical duration, immobilization secondary to substance abuse, and pelvic trauma. Intraoperative precautions and postoperative surveillance are recommended in obese patients undergoing prolonged procedures. Fasciotomies improve neurologic outcomes in patients presenting with an initial neurologic deficit. In patients who are neurologically intact on presentation, medical management with neurologic function surveillance may be the optimal initial treatment. Fasciotomies do not impact mortality. Additionally, a treatment algorithm is provided.     

Analgesia produced by epidural diamorphine is better following caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia than under epidural anaesthesia

In a randomized double-blind study, the efficacy, duration of action and side-effects of epidural diamorphine 2.5 mg in 10 ml normal saline were compared following elective caesarean section under either spinal anaesthesia (using a combined spinal epidural technique, n = 32) or conventional epidural anaesthesia (n = 26). Median visual analogue pain scores were consistently lower in patients who had received spinal anaesthesia and this reached significance at 24 h (P = 0.02). If additional i.m. morphine was required, the mean (SD) time to its administration was significantly greater following spinal anaesthesia (12.6 h (5.9)) than epidural anaesthesia (6.6 h (3.1), P = 0.01). The incidence of side-effects was similar in the two groups. The improved analgesia following spinal anaesthesia is another advantage of the combined spinal epidural technique over conventional epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section.     

Headache following epidural anaesthesia for obstetrical delivery: A case report

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie - This is a case report of a patient who developed headache in the early post-partum period. An incorrect assumption was made...     

Ogilvie's syndrome following bilateral knee arthroplasty: a case report

Ogilvie's syndrome, also known as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, is an uncommon but severe postoperative complication of total hip and knee arthroplasty. This syndrome should be borne in mind after arthroplasty surgery. We present a case of this serious postoperative complication and aim to identify the risk factors and alert surgeons to the possibility and appropriate management of Ogilvie's syndrome.     

Charcot’s joint secondary to neurologic complications of epidural anaesthesia: a case report

Neurogenic arthropathy or Charcot’s Joint is an articular pathology that can strike patient with neurological effects or can be the result of a neurological lesion with deficit of the superficial and deep sensitivity. In this article we introduce one case Charcot’s Joint of the hip, caused by an epidural anaesthesia performed for a surgery of the other hip.