动脉硬化闭塞症的介入治疗

目的：探讨介入疗法在治疗动脉硬化闭塞症的作用。方法：2002年4月至2004年4月15例动脉硬化闭塞症的患者接受了介入治疗，分别采用局部溶栓PTA，内支架植入。结果：全组治疗成功率为93．33％，局部溶栓成功率为66．67％，PTA后内支架植入率为75％，并发症发生率为6．67％。结论：介入疗法治疗动脉硬化闭塞症是安全和有效的方法，治疗时间短，费用低，疗效好，减少了并发症。     

动脉硬化性闭塞症动脉内药物灌注治疗——附3例报道

目的:探讨动脉内中西药物灌注治疗对于老年性动脉硬化闭塞症患者的效果。方法:3例男性老年性动脉硬化患者,经对侧股动脉穿刺插管,灌注罂粟碱30mg,葛根素300mg,尿激酶40万单位,盐酸山莨菪碱10mg,川芎嗪240mg,上述药物用低分子右旋糖酐210ml和生理盐水210ml稀释后经导管缓慢注入。有下肢感染者注入抗生素。导管保留1周,期间灌注相同药物,1次/d。结果:1周后造影复查缺血下肢血供均有改善,溃疡愈合,避免了截肢。随访患侧下肢缺血症状消失,皮温恢复正常,疼痛消失,达到了临床痊愈。结论:动脉内中西药物灌注治疗对于老年性动脉硬化闭塞症患者是一种有效的方法。     

膝下动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗新进展

膝下动脉硬化闭塞症主要累及胫前动脉、胫后动脉和腓动脉,对于髂、股动脉等管径较粗的下肢动脉闭塞性病变的介入治疗已十分成熟,膝下动脉管径较细,病变范围较广,病变部位钙化广泛,治疗难度较大.治疗方法主要包括外科手术治疗、血管腔内治疗、药物治疗以及目前尚处于研究阶段的自体干细胞移植治疗.本文旨在介绍近年来膝下动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗新进展,以及对未来的展望.     

动脉硬化闭塞症的影像学诊断进展

动脉硬化性闭塞症是全身性动脉粥样硬化在肢体局部的表现，其基本病理改变是动脉内膜及其中层呈退行性、增生性改变，使血管壁变硬、缩小、失去弹性，从而继发血栓形成，致使远端血流量进行性减少或中断。本病45岁以上男性多见，常侵犯股浅动脉，远侧端血管受累以胫前动脉较胫后动脉为多。故下肢发病率高于上肢，且病情较重。近10多年来，随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高和饮食结构的改变，该病的发病也逐年增多，已成为常见的四肢血管疾病之一。     

加强下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗的研究

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)主要累及髂动脉、股动脉和腘动脉,罹患率逐年增高.跨大西洋多学科共识(TASC)Ⅱ文件的出现,有助于规范治疗选择,使越来越多的患者接受腔内介入治疗.长球囊、长支架的应用提高了介入治疗的疗效.覆膜支架和药物洗脱支架等的出现可能会降低再狭窄的发生率.内膜下成形术及多种新器材的问世,提高了髂股动脉长...     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症截肢术后并发症的防治

为探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症截肢术后常见并发症的防治,对1996年1月至1998年12月严重下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者14例（15条肢体）所施行的18次截肢术进行了回顾性分析。患者平均年龄72岁,术前并发症率为冠心病78．6％、高血压69．9％、糖尿病78．6％、血管重建术史43．4％。其中膝上截肢6次,膝下截肢7次,半足截肢1次,截趾术4次。术后并发心梗2例,残端坏死3例,创面感染1例,总并发症率33％。死亡2例。提示下肢截肢手术虽操作并不复杂,但临床上需行截肢术的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者多为高龄,且多合并症,常伴有肢体坏疽和脓毒症,手术耐受力极差; 术前应积极治疗并存病,准确判断截肢平面,术后注意心、脑功能维护,以及适当的心理指导是减少后并发症,改善患者生存质量的关键。     

膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的球囊成形术治疗

我院于2006年9月～2007年5月对4例动脉硬化闭塞症（arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO）患者的膝下动脉病变采用血管内球囊成形术治疗,现报道如下。1资料与方法1．1临床资料4例患者均为男性,年龄78～86岁,平均82．5岁。均有心脑血管病史,2例有2型糖尿病;右下肢3例,左下肢1例。表现为皮肤干燥,皮温低,小腿肌肉轻度萎缩和肢体疼痛,无足趾坏死。间歇性跛行和静息痛各2例;临床Fontaine分级：Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级各2例。     

介入治疗复杂下肢动脉硬化闭塞症技术与疗效分析

目的 探讨根据下肢动脉硬化闭塞症( ASO)复杂病变的影像特征进行个体化介入治疗的方法和效果.方法 回顾性分析78例下肢动脉ASO复杂病变患者的临床、影像和随访资料.68例为泛大西洋学会共识(TASC)ⅡC或D级病变,10例为影像特征较复杂的TASCⅡB级病变;共103处病变.临床表现Fontaine stageⅢ、Ⅳ型和较重的Ⅱ型.在具有较好的流出道血管及适用的穿刺入路基本条件下,将长段闭塞、平齐闭塞、多发闭塞、腘动脉闭塞、膝以下动脉闭塞以及主髂动脉闭塞等复杂病变均视为适应证,针对病变影像特点灵活选择穿刺入路,应用内膜下再通技术顺行开通或双向开通闭塞段.对术后踝臂指数(ABI)行t检验.结果 73例患者再通治疗获技术成功,未发生重要并发症.再通后肢体缺血症状立即减轻,平均ABI由术前0.45±0.07增加至0.76±0.11(t=- 19.78,P＜ 0.01).5例再通失败者未导致症状恶化.47例随访6～12个月,22例未见肢体缺血症状复发.结论 根据影像特征指导选择介入治疗方法能避免TASC分型指导适应证选择的局限性,使更多ASO病变通过非手术方法得到有效治疗.     

彩色多普勒对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断,常采用X线平片或动脉造影。但动脉造影有一定的禁忌症和危险性,而彩色多普勒超声无任何禁忌症,并可显示血管壁增厚的程度、硬化的斑块、钙化、血栓的形成等。此外,还可了解血流的性状。现将我院彩色多普勒超声诊断并经临床、X线证实的32例分析报道如下:     

Intraluminal calcification and occlusion of the abdominal aorta above the renal arteries

In a 38-year-old man, severe hypertension was caused by a calcified thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta above the renal arteries. Dense calcification in the abdominal aorta was demonstrated on plain radiographs and computed tomography. The location of the occlusion was confirmed by angiography. The possible causes included aortitis, trauma, rubella syndrome, and atherosclerosis.     

颈椎病与中医辨证关系的探讨(附100例分析)

目的:探讨颈椎病与中医分型的辨证关系。方法:对100例该病的影像表现与中医分型进行系统分析。结果:主要临床表现颈部活动受限,颈、肩、背部疼痛,常伴头痛、头晕、视物模糊、耳鸣等症状。风寒型以软组织所致颈曲改变为主。肝肾亏虚型、痰湿交阻型以骨质增生、椎间隙及椎间孔狭窄为主。结论:X线、CT是本病首选检查方法,能与中医辨证有机结合,对中西医治疗有重要意义。     

ASO与DMASO的MSCTA影像学表现差异性研究

目的：探讨动脉硬化性闭塞症（ASO）与糖尿病动脉硬化性闭塞症（DMASO）的MSCFA影像学表现的差异性,以期为两种疾病的鉴别诊断提供客观依据,更好的指导临床诊断与治疗。方法：纳入66例诊断为ASO与DMASO的患者,其中ASO41例,DMASO25例。行MSCTA检查,将获得的动脉期轴位图像数据结合多种后处理图像,对扫描范围内动脉节段的观察指标进行记录及分析。结果：ASO与DMASO的MSCTA影像学表现差异性,与糖尿病动脉硬化性闭塞症相比较,动脉硬化性闭塞症在髂总动脉双侧狭窄、髂外动脉的双侧钙化、髂外动脉单侧增厚、髂内动脉单双侧狭窄及单双侧闭塞、股总动脉单双侧狭窄、股深动脉双侧狭窄及双侧闭塞、肠动脉单侧狭窄等方面占比重较大。结论：动脉硬化性闭塞症与糖尿病动脉硬化性闭塞症的MSCTA影像学表现存在差异性。研究结果可以为两种疾病的鉴别诊断提供客观依据。     

Intramural location and size of arterial calcification are associated with stenosis at carotid bifurcation

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and intramural location and size of calcification at the ICA origins and the origins of the cervical arteries proximal to the ICA.

Method

A total of 1139 ICAs were evaluated stenosis and calcification on the multi-detector row CT angiography. The intramural location was categorized into none, outside and inside location. The calcification size was evaluated on the 4-point grading scale. The multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, serum creatinine level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol habits.

Results

Outside calcification at the ICA origins showed the highest multivariate odds ratio (OR) for the presence of ICA stenosis (30.0) and severe calcification (a semicircle or more of calcification at the arterial cross-sectional surfaces) did the second (14.3). In the subgroups of >70% ICA stenosis, the multivariate OR of outside location increased to 44.8 and that of severe calcification also increased to 32.7. Four of 5 calcified carotid plaque specimens extracted by carotid endarterectomy were histologically confirmed to be calcified burdens located outside the internal elastic lamia which were defined as arterial medial calcification.

Conclusions

ICA stenosis was strongly associated with severe calcification located mainly outside the carotid plaque. Outside calcification at the ICA origins should be evaluated separately from inside calcification, as a marker for the ICA stenosis. Additionally, we found that calcification at the origins of the cervical arteries proximal to the ICA was significantly associated with the ICA stenosis.     

Association between progression of aortic valve calcification and coronary calcification: assessment by electron beam tomography

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: It has been demonstrated that aortic valve calcification (AVC) shares many similarities with coronary atherosclerosis, including risk factors and pathologic characteristics. We sought to examine the relationship of AVC to coronary artery calcification (CC), to assess whether similar risk factors affect the process in a similar way. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 620 asymptomatic persons (513 men and 107 women, mean age 59 years range [30-82]) who underwent two consecutive electron beam tomography (EBT) scans at least 1 year apart (mean 3.3 years). Calcification scores were obtained by summation of Agatston and volumetric scores. Stabilization of calcium was defined as no increase in score per year or positive percent change in score 1%/year. Of 106 with AVC, 105 (99%) had CC. Sixty-five patients had an AVC >10 on initial scan, and 50 (77%) demonstrated progression on the follow-up scan. Of 394 participants with CC >10 on initial scan, follow-up scans showed CC stabilization in 64 (16.2%) and CC progression in 330 (83.8%). Patients with AVC were significantly older than those with only CC (64.5 versus 56.5 years, P < .0001). The average age of the patient with AVC was 7 years older than the average age with CC. AVC (by volumetric score) progressed more rapidly in patients with diabetes (P = .036) and smoking (P = .042) than those without. RESULTS: We found no difference in the degree of change in the CC scores (by Agatston or volumetric methods) over time between men and women, or in any baseline cardiac risk factor (P > .05 for all measures). In 65 patients with both AVC and CC >10, there was a significant association between progression of AVC and CC (P = .047); the absolute rate of change of AVC was 24.5 +/- 43.2 %/year, and CC was 28.0 +/- 49.1 %/year. CONCLUSION: Virtually all patients with AVC had CC, potentially explaining the coronary risk associated with AVC. There is substantially parallel development between rates of progression of EBT-assessed AVC and CC.     

闭塞性动脉硬化症中医辨证血瘀型与湿热下注型MSCTA表现特征性研究

目的:探讨闭塞性动脉硬化症(ASO)中医辨证血瘀型与湿热下注型多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)表现的特征性。方法:纳入76例临床诊断为ASO并行MSCTA检查的患者,其中经中医辨证,血瘀型46例,湿热下注型30例。将获得的动脉期轴位图像数据结合多种后处理图像对扫描范围内相应的动脉节段观察指标进行记录,然后进行统计学分析。结果:湿热下注型与血瘀型MSCTA表现存在显著性差异。湿热下注型MSCTA的表现特征:髂总动脉多表现为血管管腔狭窄和闭塞;髂内动脉多表现为血管管腔闭塞;髂外动脉多表现为血管管壁钙化、增厚和血管管腔狭窄;股总动脉多表现为双侧血管管壁钙化、增厚、血管管腔狭窄;股深动脉多表现为血管管壁钙化、增厚和血管管腔狭窄;股动脉多表现为血管管壁增厚和血管闭塞;腘动脉多表现为血管管壁钙化、增厚和血管管腔狭窄。血瘀型大多缺乏上述MSCTA表现特征。结论:ASO中医辨证血瘀型与湿热下注型具有各自的MSCTA特征性表现,可以为ASO的分型提供一定客观依据。     

闭塞性动脉硬化症髂股动脉形态学表现与中医证型的相关性研究

目的:探讨闭塞性动脉硬化症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)髂股动脉各分支截面积与中医辨证分型的相关性。方法:收集ASO住院患者79例,其中血瘀型54例,湿热下注型25例,并选取非ASO患者30例作为对照,分别行MSCT髂股动脉造影检查,对每组的腹主动脉远端分叉、髂总动脉分叉及股总动脉分叉横截面积进行测量、计算,并统计比较。结果:髂股动脉多数分支的内面积和相对狭窄度ASO组明显小于对照组,右股总动脉内面积血瘀型小于湿热下注型,左股深动脉相对狭窄度湿热下注型明显小于血瘀型;腹主动脉远端分叉内面积扩张率ASO组明显小于对照组,右髂总动脉内面积扩张率湿热下注型小于血瘀型,双侧股总动脉内面积扩张率湿热下注型大于血瘀型及对照组。结论:ASO患者髂股动脉截面积与非ASO患者差异具有统计学意义,而ASO患者各中医证型之间亦存在一定差别。     

Computed tomographic demonstration of ocular calcification: Correlations with clinical and pathological findings

Summary The computed tomographic features of calcification in the eye were correlated with clinical and pathological findings in a variety of ophthalmic and systemic disorders. These consisted of ocular neoplasms, trauma and inflammation of the eye, idiopathic ocular lesions, and disorders of calcium metabolism. Computed tomographic documentation of ocular calcification was found to be useful in the differential diagnosis and management of patients with these disorders.     

蒙古族与汉族冠状动脉钙化斑块分布与积分比较

目的分析蒙古族与汉族冠状动脉钙化斑块分布与积分的异同。方法收集242例蒙古族和488例汉族冠心病患者行冠状动脉钙化积分检查的资料,分析二者冠状动脉钙化的分布及钙化积分情况,对二者结果行统计学分析比较。结果蒙古族与汉族冠状动脉钙化的分布均以前降支为主。蒙古族双支病变的发生率较汉族高（P〈O．05）。两个民族相比,相同性别钙化积分方面比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。60～69岁、≥70岁年龄段患者的LAD的钙化积分有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论蒙古族双支病变相对多,老年组钙化积分高于汉族。     

中西医结合治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎的临床研究

目的探讨中西医结合治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎的方法和效果。方法将82例确诊患几分成治疗组和对照组，对照组予利巴韦林针10—15mg／（kg·d）静滴和对症治疗；治疗组在对照组基础上加用运脾除湿的中药七味白术散加减方。结果治疗组止泻时间、脱水纠正时间较对照组明显缩短，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；而退热时间与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗组总有效率为100％，对照组为97．5％，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；治疗组与对照组显效率分别为95．2％和75％，差异则有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论轮状病毒性肠炎目前治疗无特效药物，中西医结合治疗可提高疗效。缩短病程，值得推广应用。