大鼠脊髓背角内第5型代谢型谷氨酸受体免疫组织化学特征

应用免疫组织化学方法在光镜下观察到,大鼠脊髓内第5型代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR5)主要分布在背角Ⅰ～Ⅲ层内;行单侧背根（L1～L6）切断术后,未见术侧mGluR5免疫反应性明显变化;脊神经节内仅见极少数神经元呈mGluR5免疫反应弱阳性。由此提示,脊髓背角内mGluR5的主要来源为非一级传入神经元。免疫电镜研究显示,在脊髓背角浅层内,mGluR5主要定位在部分神经元胞体和大量树突内,并常见部分含mGluR5的树突与具有一级传入C纤维终末形态特征的轴突终末构成突触小球。mGluR5在脊髓背角浅层内的超微定位特征表明,脊髓背角内的mGluR5可能主要作为突触后受体介导或调节谷氨酸传递一级感觉(包括痛觉)的功能。     

大鼠中缝大核内M—ENK样树突和轴突终末的超微结构

本文用免疫细胞化学PAP 法,在电镜下观察中缝大核(NRM)内甲硫脑啡肽(M—ENK)样免疫反应树突和轴突终末的形态和突触关系。M—ENK 样免疫反应树突数量较多,直径粗细不等,接受一个或多个突触传入;根据标记情况,可分为浓染型和淡染型两种。M—ENK 样轴突包括有髓纤维和无髓纤维两类。M—ENK 样轴突终末含有清亮圆囊泡或相伴颗粒囊泡。所见突触型式有:(1)轴—树(M—ENK)突触,(2)轴—棘(M—ENK)突触,(3)轴—轴(M—ENK)突触,(4)轴(M—ENK)—树突触。上述结果提示NRM 内脑啡呔能缝—脊神经元接受多种信息传入,可能具有整合作用;脑啡肽能轴突终末参与核团内局部突触调节,并存在突触前调节机制。     

大鼠脊髓背角中NT样免疫反应物的光镜和电镜研究

用免疫细胞化学和电镜相结合的方法研究 NT-LI 在鼠脊髓背角中的分布和超微结构。光镜下 NT 样免疫反应细胞、纤维和终末主要分布于背角Ⅱ_b 层相Ⅲ层背侧部。也镜下 NT-LI可见于核周体、树突、轴突和有髓纤维内。除大多数标记轴突与未标记树突构成轴-树突触外,部分标记轴突与未标记轴突和未标记胞体构成轴。轴和轴-体突触。未标记轴突亦可与标记树突构成轴-树突触。结果提示背角浅层中 NT 神经元可能参与构成调节痛觉传递回路。     

大鼠脊髓背角内第5型代谢型谷氨酸受体免疫组织化学特征

应用免疫组织化学方法在光镜下观察到，大鼠脊髓内第5型代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluR5）主要分布在背角Ⅰ－Ⅲ层内；行单侧背根（L1－L6）切断术后，未见术侧mGluR5免疫反应性明显变化；脊神经节内仅见极少数神经元呈mGluR5免疫反应弱阳性。由此提示，脊髓背角内mGluR5的主要来源为非一级传入神经元。免疫电镜研究显示，在髓背角浅层内，mGluR5主要定位在部分神经元胞体和大量树突内，并常见部分含mGluR5的树突与具有一级传入C纤维终末形态特征的轴突终末构成突触小球。mGluR5在脊髓背角浅层内的超微定位特征表明，脊髓背角内的mGluR5可能主要作为突触后受体介导或调节谷氨酸传递一级感觉（包括痛觉）的功能。     

皮质脊髓束谷氨酸能投射的定性追踪——光镜和电镜研究

用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）与免疫细胞化学结合和免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠皮质脊髓束的化学性质以及它们与脊髓神经细胞之间的超微结构关系。一侧脊髓背角或部分腹角注射ＨＲＰ后,光镜下在大鼠对侧大脑皮质第４区第Ⅳ层可见３种细胞：①谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）样免疫反应阳性细胞;②ＨＲＰ单标细胞;③ＨＲＰ和谷氨酸样免疫反应双标细胞。在大鼠脊髓腹角可见大量谷氨酸免疫反应阳性胞体和纤维。电镜下,在脊髓腹角内谷氨酸样免疫反应产物呈细小颗粒状沉淀,分布于树突、轴突、核周质以及星形胶质细胞内。此外,尚可见３种类型的突触：①Ｇｌｕ阴性轴突与Ｇｌｕ阳性树突构成的轴树突触;②Ｇｌｕ阳性轴突与Ｇｌｕ阴性树突构成的轴树突触;③Ｇｌｕ阳性轴突与Ｇｌｕ阴性轴突构成的轴轴突触。以上结果表明：大鼠皮质脊髓束至少有一部分纤维是谷氨酸能投射,这些纤维起自对侧大脑皮质,在脊髓内下行,主要终止于背角,部分终止于腹角,经中间神经元形成突触调控脊髓腹角细胞     

下行纤维5-HT在猫背根节切除后脊髓背角的表达

目的 观察猫脊髓背根神经节切除后下行纤维5-羟色胺(5-HT)在脊髓背角内的表达变化及5-HT异类终末,探讨其在脊髓背根节切除后的代偿意义.方法 10只成年雄性猫,在腹腔内注射麻醉下行腰1到骶2(L1～S2)单侧背根节切除术,建立猫腰骶背根节全切模型,术后分为急性组5只,存活2周,慢性组5只,存活2个月,实验结束时,动物腹腔内麻醉,开胸并心内灌注固定处理,取腰6(L6)节段脊髓,采用免疫组化染色方法检测手术侧和对侧脊髓背角、Ⅱ板层内5-HT的表达,电镜下观察5-HT异类终末.结果 光镜下5-HT阳性染色主要分布于脊髓背角,Ⅱ板层区域较突出,呈细颗粒状和线条状.急性组手术侧与对侧非手术侧阳性染色无明显差异,慢性组两侧阳性染色差异明显,手术侧强于对照侧.电镜下,在慢性组手术侧脊髓Ⅱ板层中,观察到简单终末,发现了5-HT阳性非典型复合终末(ACT),它们较小,外观上呈圆形或椭圆形,多与两个突触后成分形成联系,突触活性带较平直或向外凸,突触内多含均匀清亮小泡或致密核心小泡.结论 5-HT在猫脊髓腰骶背根节切除后主要出现在脊髓背角,Ⅱ板层表达突出,5-HT阳性ACT可能是脊髓背根节全切后的一种下行纤维代偿终末.     

M-Enk在猫背根节切除后脊髓Ⅱ板层的表达

目的 探讨猫脊髓背根神经节切除后,甲硫胺酸脑啡肽(M-Enk)在脊髓后角Ⅱ板层内的表达变化及M-Enk异类终末.方法 10只成年雄性猫,在腹腔内注射麻醉下行腰1到骶2(L1~S2)单侧脊髓背根节切除术,建立猫背根节全切模型,术后分为急性组5只,存活2周,慢性组5只,存活2个月,观察到期后,动物心内灌注固定处死,取L6节段脊髓,采用免疫组化染色方法检测手术侧和对侧脊髓Ⅱ板层内M-Enk的表达,电镜下观察M-Enk异类终末.结果 光镜下M-Enk阳性染色主要分布于脊髓Ⅱ板层的外侧份,成颗粒状和线条状,急性组手术侧与对侧非手术侧阳性染色无明显差异,慢性组两侧阳性染色均减弱,手术侧约强于对照侧.电镜下,在慢性组手术侧Ⅱ板层脊髓中,观察到简单终末,发现了M-Enk阳性非典型复合终末(ACT),它们较小,外观上呈圆形或椭圆形,多与两个突触后成分形成联系,突触活性带形较平直或向外凸,突触内含均匀清亮小泡或致密核心小泡.结论 M-Enk在猫脊髓背根节切除后主要在脊髓Ⅱ板层外侧表达,M-Enk阳性ACT可能是脊髓背根节全切后的一种代偿终末.     

大鼠脊髓内L-ENK阳性胞体及切断背根对其免疫反应性的影响

本文对大鼠切断单侧背根及(或)注射秋水仙素后,观察脊髓内亮氨酸脑啡肽(L-ENK)的免疫组织化学改变。发现:脊髓Ⅰ层内存在一种水平位较大的L-ENK阳性神经元胞体(简称阳性胞体),及少量中等大的豆形阳性胞体。Ⅱ层内阳性胞体较小,呈圆形或梭形。Ⅳ～Ⅵ层的外侧区,阳性胞体较Ⅰ～Ⅱ层内者大,成群分布或交错排列,其突起走向腹内侧,与中央管背外侧的胞体联系。单侧切断背根后,Ⅰ～Ⅱ层内L-ENK免疫反应性增强明显,胞体数增多。     

周围神经端侧吻合再生纤维来源的实验研究

目的:探索周围神经端-侧吻合后再生纤维(侧芽)的来源。方法:将Wistar大鼠左侧腓总神经切断后端-侧吻合到外膜开窗的胫神经干上,术后8周对胫神经和腓总神经分别用快兰和核黄作神经干注射标记,取脊髓背根神经节(DRG)荧光显微镜下观察被标记细胞;取吻合口附近的胫、腓神经段经锇酸染色后在光镜下观察腓总神经内轴突与胫神经轴突的关系。结果:实验组背根节内未发现双标细胞。光镜下,可清晰地见到左侧腓总神经内的再生纤维来自于胫神经近侧端。结论:周围神经端-侧吻合腓总神经内的再生纤维来自于胫神经的侧芽缺乏依据,因而无法排除来自腓总神经近端生长锥和受损胫神经纤维生长锥的可能。     

大鼠脊髓背根及其终末可塑变化的形态学研究

本文利用电镜体视学技术研究了大鼠保留背根(L_4)内神经纤维与L_3脊髓节段内神经终末的数目。同时应用银染技术显示了脊髓内神经纤维的分布和密度。光镜显示银染的神经纤维在脊髓两侧的分布和密度无区别。电镜计量表明,保留背根内无髓神经纤维的数目明显增加,其直径也有增粗的趋势。Ⅲ板层内简单终末和复合终末的数目均可在术后恢复至正常水平,同时也增粗变大。本文对这些变化做了初步讨论。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.