心力衰竭合并肾功能不良患者心脏再同步治疗的研究进展

近年来,心脏再同步治疗（C RT）已逐渐成为伴有QRS时限增宽的中重度心力衰竭（心衰）患者心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级（NY-HA分级）的有效治疗手段[1-2].CRT不仅能有效改善心衰患者的心功能,逆转左室重构,还可显著降低其再住院率及病死率.临床上,慢性心衰患者常合并肾功能不良（RI）,然而,对于这部分患者能否从CRT中获益以及RI对CRT疗效有何影响,目前的研究结果尚不一致.如何在这一特殊人群中应用CRT已成为临床医生所关心的重要问题之一.     

血清白蛋白水平评价慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗的初步探讨

目的:利用血清白蛋白(ALB)水平评估慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的疗效。方法:选择2009-01至2013-12于我院行CRT的慢性心衰患者27例(CRT组),同时连续选取药物治疗的慢性心衰患者27例(对照组)。分组后所有患者进行血液生化指标的检测、体表心电图、24 h动态心电图和超声心动图检查,记录血清白蛋白(ALB冰平、心率、心电图QRS波时限、左心室舒张末期内径(LVED)及左心室射血分数(LVEF),检测结果作为入院时基础值;定期随访,随访期间重复上述检查2~3次,取均值。结果:两组患者在分组时年龄、性别等一般资料差异无统计学意义。随访时CRT组ALB、LVEF较入院时基础值升高(P0.05),心率下降(P0.001),QRS波时限缩短(P0.001),LVED变化不明显;对照组ALB较入院时基础值下降(P0.05),LVEF、LVED、QRS波时限、心率无明显变化,对CRT组P0.05的指标即LVEF、QRS时限、血清ALB水平进行逐步Logistic回归分析,筛选出血清ALB水平是CRT疗效最为相关的指标(P0.01)。结论:CRT可以改善心室收缩功能,提高慢性心衰患者血清白蛋白水平,推测血清ALB水平与CRT疗效具有一定相关性。     

多普勒组织速度成像和组织追踪技术指导心脏再同步化治疗一例

患者男,76岁,因"反复胸闷、气急8年,加重10天",于2003年12月4日入院。X线检查:左心室扩大。超声心动图检查:左心室内径64 mm,左心室射血分数34％。心电图检查:房颤,心率100次／min,左束传导阻滞,QRS宽度0.17s。冠状动脉造影:回旋支和前降支弥漫性狭窄。鉴于患者心脏扩大明显,左心室射血分数值明显降低,建议冠状动脉病变药物治疗。临床诊断:缺血性心肌病。多普勒组织     

通过严重狭窄上腔静脉植入心脏再同步治疗除颤器一例

患者,女,69岁,因＂活动后胸闷、气促10余年,再发加重1个月＂入院.入院查体：血压97/60 mmHg（1mmHg=0.133 kPa）,神清,双肺无啰音,心率65次/min,律齐,下肢无水肿.辅助检查：心电图：窦性心律,完全性左束支阻滞（LBBB）,QRS时限167 ms.超声心动图：左心室舒张末期内径73mm,二尖瓣中度反流,左心室射血分数（LVEF）0.29.冠状动脉增强CT扫描（CTA）：未见异常.心肌放射性核素显像：扩张型心肌病改变,LVEF0.15.患者既往无高血压和糖尿病史.入院诊断：扩张型心肌病,完全性LBBB,心功能Ⅲ级（NYHA分级）.给予优化药物治疗及植入心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT-D）.     

超高龄心力衰竭患者植入心脏再同步治疗起搏器一例

患者女,88岁,因＂发作性胸痛12年,活动后喘憋半年,加重3d＂入院.患者于2001年开始出现发作性胸痛,入阜外心血管病医院诊为＂冠心病、劳力性心绞痛＂,于2001年行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）.术后坚持服用阿司匹林、美托洛尔和单硝酸异山梨酯片等药物治疗,症状缓解.半年前始出现活动后喘憋,夜间不能平卧,双下肢水肿.多次入住急诊科,超声心动图示左心房内径（LAD）46mm,左心室（LV）53 mm,左心室射血分数（LVEF）0.37,二尖瓣中量反流,三尖瓣大量反流,左心功能减低.N末端B型利钠肽前体（NT-ProBNP） ＞15 000 pg/ml.     

以心室收缩不同步作为心脏再同步治疗筛选标准的疗效评价

心脏再同步治疗（CRT）是治疗慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的一种有效方法,目前CRT主要用于QRS时限≥120ms、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）≥55mm、左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤0．35的顽固性心力衰竭患者,但严格入选的人群中仍有20％-30％无明显疗效,如何提高CRT的临床疗效是这一领域的研究热点,我院以心室收缩不同步作为26例CRT筛选标准,随访发现可以提高CRT的临床疗效。     

心脏再同步化治疗心力衰竭1例

慢性心力衰竭是临床常见的综合征,即使采用最佳的药物治疗,仍不能改善相当一部分患者预后,部分病例与左心室收缩不同步有关。心脏再同     

肾功能对心脏再同步治疗的影响

目的 通过观察患者心脏再同步治疗（CRT）前后肾功能的变化情况,旨在探讨肾功能对CRT疗效的影响.方法 选取2001年12月至2012年11月间202例在安徽省立医院植入CRT的患者,分别在术前、术后1个月和6个月检测患者的肾功能,通过估计的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）来评价肾功能水平.术后随访6个月,观察患者肾功能的变化情况以及与CRT疗效的关系.结果 共入选202例CRT患者,有40例（1 9.8％）患者符合慢性肾功能不良（CKD）标准,与非CKD组相比,CKD组患者的年龄大、缺血性心肌病多.术后有146例（72.3％,有反应组）CRT有效,有反应组患者在术后6个月时肾功能显著改善.根据术前eGFR水平的不同,将CRT患者分为肾功能中重度损害组、轻度损害组和正常组,各组患者的CRT疗效差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）,随着肾功能的下降,CRT疗效逐渐变差.结论 术前eGFR水平与CRT的疗效显著相关,随着肾功能的下降,CRT疗效逐渐变差.同时,CRT亦可改善肾功能,在术后6个月时更为显著.     

心脏再同步治疗在不同慢性心力衰竭患者中的临床应用

心脏再同步治疗（cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT）作为慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）的非药物治疗方法之一,自20世纪90年代临床应用以来,其疗效已被充分证实。2009年ACC／AHA关于心力衰竭诊治指南H0的I类适应证中,左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤0．35、窦性心律、心功能（NYHA分级）Ⅲ级或暂时性Ⅳ级、使用了指南推荐的优化药物治疗、     

心脏再同步化治疗新指南要点及进展

慢性心力衰竭（CHF）是一种复杂的临床症候群,是各类心脏病的严重阶段或终末期表现,发生率高,预后差,5年存活率与恶性肿瘤相似。长期以来,对心力衰竭（HF）的治疗主要以药物为主。然而,药物治疗具有一定的局限性,尤其是对NYHA心功能分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级患者的症状改善作用有限,对长期生存率的改善更加不理想。约1/3 HF患者合并心室传导异常,表现为QRS波时限〉120 ms,提示可能存在心室收缩不同步。     

Urgent cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure receiving inotropic therapy. A case series

BACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether patients with severe decompensated class IV heart failure (HF) receiving intravenous inotropic treatment benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS: We identified patients who underwent urgent CRT implantation due to decompensated class IV HF necessitating intravenous inotropic therapy. RESULTS: Of 10 patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy (median QRS duration of 170 ms), CRT implantation was associated with symptomatic improvement in 8 patients. The mortality rate was 50% during a median follow-up of 9.5 months, with a median CRT-to-death duration of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: CRT was feasible among class IV patients receiving inotropic treatment and was associated with clinical improvement.     

Ventricular asynchrony predicts a better outcome in patients with chronic heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the clinical benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can be prospectively predicted by means of the baseline evaluation of left ventricular asynchrony. BACKGROUND: The reverse remodeling associated with CRT is more evident in patients with severe heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) who have left ventricular asynchrony. METHODS: Baseline left ventricular asynchrony was assessed in 60 patients with severe HF and LBBB by calculating the electrocardiographic duration of QRS and the echocardiographic septal-to-posterior wall motion delay (SPWMD). Left ventricular size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral valve regurgitation, and functional capacity were also evaluated. The progression toward HF (defined as a worsening clinical condition leading to a sustained increase in conventional therapies, hospitalization, cardiac transplantation, and death) was assessed during follow-up, as were the changes in LVEF after six months. RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 14 months, 16 patients experienced HF progression. Univariate analysis showed that ischemic cardiomyopathy, changes in the QRS duration after implantation, and SPWMD significantly correlated with events. At multivariate analysis, a long SPWMD remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of HF progression (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.83 to 0.99; p <0.05). An improvement in LVEF was observed in 79% of the patients with a baseline SPWMD of > or =130 ms and in 9% of those with an SPWMD of <130 ms (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline SPWMD is a strong predictor of long-term clinical improvement after CRT in patients with severe HF and LBBB.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cardiac resynchro-nization therapy(CRT) during short and mid-long term follow-up. Methods Consecutive patients treated with CRT between 1999 and 2008 were registered. Clinical information was collected from baseline and last follow-up. Clinical information included survival, chnical cardiac function, echocardiography parameters and QRS wave width from surface ECG. Results Ninety-five patients who were treated with CRT successfully were included. These patients were divided into two groups: those with only short term follow-up and those with mid-long term follow-up. In the short term follow-up group,survival was 89.1% with follow-up of(18±10) month(median = 18 months). Survival was 66.6% in mid-long term group with follow-up of(57±17) months (median = 54 moths). While clinical cardiac function was significantly improved in both groups the intrinsic QRS wave width did not show significant change. Those patients' medical therapy for chronic heart failure has been changed dur-ing the period of follow-up. Conclusion CRT can improve clinical cardiac function in parts of patients with chronic heart failure and increased survival during mid-long term and short term follow-up. However, there re-mains a need for more sensitive indicators.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cardiac resynchro-nization therapy(CRT) during short and mid-long term follow-up. Methods Consecutive patients treated with CRT between 1999 and 2008 were registered. Clinical information was collected from baseline and last follow-up. Clinical information included survival, chnical cardiac function, echocardiography parameters and QRS wave width from surface ECG. Results Ninety-five patients who were treated with CRT successfully were included. These patients were divided into two groups: those with only short term follow-up and those with mid-long term follow-up. In the short term follow-up group,survival was 89.1% with follow-up of(18±10) month(median = 18 months). Survival was 66.6% in mid-long term group with follow-up of(57±17) months (median = 54 moths). While clinical cardiac function was significantly improved in both groups the intrinsic QRS wave width did not show significant change. Those patients' medical therapy for chronic heart failure has been changed dur-ing the period of follow-up. Conclusion CRT can improve clinical cardiac function in parts of patients with chronic heart failure and increased survival during mid-long term and short term follow-up. However, there re-mains a need for more sensitive indicators.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cardiac resynchro-nization therapy(CRT) during short and mid-long term follow-up. Methods Consecutive patients treated with CRT between 1999 and 2008 were registered. Clinical information was collected from baseline and last follow-up. Clinical information included survival, chnical cardiac function, echocardiography parameters and QRS wave width from surface ECG. Results Ninety-five patients who were treated with CRT successfully were included. These patients were divided into two groups: those with only short term follow-up and those with mid-long term follow-up. In the short term follow-up group,survival was 89.1% with follow-up of(18±10) month(median = 18 months). Survival was 66.6% in mid-long term group with follow-up of(57±17) months (median = 54 moths). While clinical cardiac function was significantly improved in both groups the intrinsic QRS wave width did not show significant change. Those patients' medical therapy for chronic heart failure has been changed dur-ing the period of follow-up. Conclusion CRT can improve clinical cardiac function in parts of patients with chronic heart failure and increased survival during mid-long term and short term follow-up. However, there re-mains a need for more sensitive indicators.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cardiac resynchro-nization therapy(CRT) during short and mid-long term follow-up. Methods Consecutive patients treated with CRT between 1999 and 2008 were registered. Clinical information was collected from baseline and last follow-up. Clinical information included survival, chnical cardiac function, echocardiography parameters and QRS wave width from surface ECG. Results Ninety-five patients who were treated with CRT successfully were included. These patients were divided into two groups: those with only short term follow-up and those with mid-long term follow-up. In the short term follow-up group,survival was 89.1% with follow-up of(18±10) month(median = 18 months). Survival was 66.6% in mid-long term group with follow-up of(57±17) months (median = 54 moths). While clinical cardiac function was significantly improved in both groups the intrinsic QRS wave width did not show significant change. Those patients' medical therapy for chronic heart failure has been changed dur-ing the period of follow-up. Conclusion CRT can improve clinical cardiac function in parts of patients with chronic heart failure and increased survival during mid-long term and short term follow-up. However, there re-mains a need for more sensitive indicators.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cardiac resynchro-nization therapy(CRT) during short and mid-long term follow-up. Methods Consecutive patients treated with CRT between 1999 and 2008 were registered. Clinical information was collected from baseline and last follow-up. Clinical information included survival, chnical cardiac function, echocardiography parameters and QRS wave width from surface ECG. Results Ninety-five patients who were treated with CRT successfully were included. These patients were divided into two groups: those with only short term follow-up and those with mid-long term follow-up. In the short term follow-up group,survival was 89.1% with follow-up of(18±10) month(median = 18 months). Survival was 66.6% in mid-long term group with follow-up of(57±17) months (median = 54 moths). While clinical cardiac function was significantly improved in both groups the intrinsic QRS wave width did not show significant change. Those patients' medical therapy for chronic heart failure has been changed dur-ing the period of follow-up. Conclusion CRT can improve clinical cardiac function in parts of patients with chronic heart failure and increased survival during mid-long term and short term follow-up. However, there re-mains a need for more sensitive indicators.     

慢性心力衰竭患者行心脏再同步化治疗的护理

慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）是一种心室功能障碍和神经内分泌调节异常导致的肺静脉充血、运动耐力和生存期降低的临床综合征,是近年来发病率和流行性很高的心血管病症。     

慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗疗效观察

目的随访慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗（CRT）的临床疗效。方法入选1999年至2008年行CRT的慢性心力衰竭患者,收集这些患者基线和最后一次临床资料。采集数据包括临床心功能评估,心脏超声学指标和体表心电图QRS时限宽度。结果95例患者行CRT治疗,分为早期组和近期组。早期组随访时间（57±17）个月,随访生存率为66．6％;近期组随访时间（18±10）个月,生存率为89．1％。两组患者CRT治疗后心功能显著提高,但自身状态下体表心电图QRS时限宽度变化差异无统计学意义。随访中患者药物治疗变化明显。结论中长期和短期随访均证实CRT治疗在一部分慢性心力衰竭患者中能提高心功能,但缺乏预测疗效的敏感指标。