下颌无牙颌萎缩牙槽嵴的种植义齿修复

目的：探索对下颌无牙颌严重萎缩牙槽嵴的修复方法，以提高该类患者的生活质量。方法：采用CDIC种植体，对下颌无牙颌进行杆卡式种植覆盖义齿修复。结果：经过5年的临床观察．种植体稳固，义齿功能优良．明显提高了患者的生活质量。结论：对下颌无牙颌严重萎缩牙槽嵴的患者，采用种植覆盖义齿进行修复，通过精心的设计和优良的手术，能有效地恢复功能，并能使种植体长期稳固于口腔内行使功能。     

剩余牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者的修复治疗进展

一直以来，剩余牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者的全口义齿修复，是全口义齿修复领域的重要课题。近年来，随着材料的改进和临床研究的深入，对剩余牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者的修复治疗，又有了新的进展。作者在此作一简要的慨述。     

全身因素与无牙颌牙槽嵴吸收

为的研究表明，全身因素与无牙颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收有密切关系。本文从原始骨量与骨结构、内分泌因素、营养因素、全身系统性疾病等方面对全身因素与无牙颌牙槽嵴吸收的关系进行了综述。     

增强无牙颌牙槽嵴低平义齿固位的体会

全口义齿修复足口腔修复治疗的重要组成部分.而牙槽嵴低平或牙槽嵴条件差,又无经济条件做牙槽嵴增高术或种植牙者而又要使修复后的全日义齿达到患者满意,则是全口义齿修复领域的重要课题.我科自1995年到1999年对口腔修复门诊52例此类病人进行厂修复与跟踪,积累了一些经验和体会.今就此类修复困难病例的处置方法及修复效果报导如下:     

松软牙槽嵴无牙颌的全口义齿修复

目的 探讨松软牙槽嵴无牙颌的全口义齿修复要点.方法 选择松软牙槽嵴无牙颌患者31例.修复前询问患者义齿使用习惯,检查口腔及旧义齿情况,进行必要的修复前手术,择期重新修复.在修复后6个月、1年、2年后复查,根据病历记录检查患者口腔和义齿情况是否有改变.结果 义齿修复后的2年中,牙槽嵴的松软范围没有明显扩大,义齿使用效果良好.结论 伴有松软牙槽嵴的无牙颌全口义齿修复时,应该注重印模的准确性、前牙与牙槽嵴顶的位置、前牙的覆(牙合)与覆盖,指导患者正确使用义齿并定期复查,可取得良好治疗效果.     

全身因素与无牙颌牙槽嵴吸收

近年采的研究表明,全身因素与无牙颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收有密切关系。本文从原始骨量与骨结构内分泌因素、营养因素、全身系统性疾病等方面对全身因素与无牙领牙槽嵴吸收的关系进行了综述。     

牙槽嵴重度吸收的全口义齿修复

牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌,约占笔者门诊所见无牙颌患者总数的1/4～1/3,患者一般不愿接受手术修整。由于口腔条件的不利因素较多,为全口义齿修复带来一定困难,修复后效果欠佳。笔者根据其口腔特点,充分利用有关     

种植体在治疗牙槽嵴吸收中的应用

解决牙槽嵴吸收萎缩是口腔修复治疗的一个重要方面。通过种植体配合其他材料（如骨移植物,骨引导再生膜）和技术（外科手术,牵张成骨）对半高和维持萎缩牙槽嵴起到很好的作用。     

无牙颌牙槽嵴严重萎缩总义齿修复体会

无牙颌牙槽嵴严重萎缩总义齿修复体会四川省自贡市第四人民医院（６４３０００）张杰无牙颌牙槽嵴严重萎缩进行总义齿修复是目前口腔修复中经常遇见的情况。总义齿修复效果较差，固位不好。笔者对２９例无牙颌牙槽嵴严重萎缩的病人进行了总义齿修复，据临床应用，效果满意...     

Success rates of microimplants in edentulous patients with residual ridge resorption

PURPOSE: Restorative therapy of edentulous mandibles with residual ridge resorption is still a great challenge. Even though implant-supported stabilization of dentures has proved to be of value in these cases, treatment is sometimes problematic, not only due to narrow width of the denture-bearing areas but also because elderly patients are often averse to surgery. Implants with a normal length but a reduced diameter might facilitate therapy in patients with implant-supported dentures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical success of implants with a small diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, patients were provided with 2 implants 2.5 mm in diameter (MicroPlant; Brasseler, Lemgo, Germany) in a 2-stage procedure in the intraforaminal area of the edentulous mandible. Subsequently, the patients were monitored in periodic recalls. Periotest value, Gingival Index, and attachment level were monitored at these recall evaluations. Peri-implant bone loss was measured using panoramic radiographs. Patients rated the functionality of their denture using questionnaires administered before and after treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were monitored during an average observation time of 6 years (SD 2.7). The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 95.5%. Clinical and radiographic parameters yielded results comparable to those of implants with a larger diameter. The questionnaire revealed sharp and significant improvement in denture retention and chewing ability after denture stabilization with the implants. CONCLUSION: The clinical data and the results of the questionnaire clearly indicated that the patients were satisfied with the concept of stabilization of complete mandibular dentures with small-diameter implants.     

The residual ridge in partially edentulous patients

The residual ridge which forms after the extraction of teeth is characterized by a loss of substance when compared with the dentulous ridge. The residual ridge shrinks in an apical direction and shifts lingually. This remodeling pattern takes place mainly at the expense of the bony crest, the buccal plate of the alveolar process, and the gingival tissues covering it. The lingual positioning of the residual ridge crest was observed in maxillary and mandibular specimens in all the regions of the jaws and regardless of the number of teeth missing. Cross sections of the residual ridge were square, parabolic, or tapered.The base of the pontic for a fixed partial denture should be made buccolingually as the mirror image of the crest of the residual ridge it is to contact, and it should follow mesiodistally the contour and length of the clinical crowns of the adjacent abutment teeth.     

义齿黏附剂与线性殆在牙槽嵴重度吸收无牙颌患者中的应用

目的：评价义齿黏附剂和线性胎在牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者全口义齿修复中的应用效果。方法：选择15例牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者,为每位患者制作解剖式骀和线性胎2副全口义齿,3个月后更换使用。每副义齿于戴用3个月时检测其使用义齿黏附剂前后的咀嚼效率,并采用满意度问卷调查获取患者的主观评价。结果：使用义齿黏附剂后,线性胎和解剖式胎全口义齿的咀嚼效率均较使用前得到改善（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。义齿黏附剂使用前后,两种骀型全口义齿的咀嚼效率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。义齿黏附剂使用前,线性骀全口义齿的固位稳定和舒适程度满意度高于解剖式骀全口义齿（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;使用义齿黏附剂后,两种胎型全口义齿的固位稳定、咀嚼功能和舒适程度满意度均有显著性提高（P〈0.01）。结论：对牙槽嵴吸收严重的无牙颌患者,应用线性骀全口义齿和义齿黏附剂均可改善义齿的治疗效果。     

Skeletal osteopenia and residual ridge resorption

Increased residual ridge resorption resulting from postmenopausal skeletal osteopenia has been a long-standing clinical assumption. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the degree of residual ridge resorption, sex, and the age of the patient. The technique of measuring mandibular resorption uses panoramic radiographs as described by Wical and Swoope. Six readers received technique instructions and were then tested for uniformity. An analysis of variance demonstrated no significant difference between readers (p greater than 0.10). A random selection of 459 radiographs of edentulous patients were then measured by using a blind technique to determine the amount of residual ridge resorption. Analysis of this data demonstrated a significantly larger percentage of women with class 3 (severe) residual ridge resorption (p less than 0.01) but this difference could not be related to the occurrence of menopause.     

Posterior mandibular residual ridge resorption in patients with conventional dentures and implant overdentures

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of certain systemic and local factors on resorption of the posterior mandibular residual ridge under conventional dentures and overdentures supported by 2 implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proportional area measurements of the posterior mandible were made on rotational tomograms taken immediately before and 5 years after treatment. The area was bounded by a line joining gonion to the lowest point of the mental foramen and the crest of the residual ridge and was expressed as a proportion of an area that was not dependent on the ridge. The use of proportions rather than actual measurements minimized errors related to magnification and distortion. RESULTS: The estimated average reduction in height was 1.25 mm in 5 years (1.63 mm for conventional denture groups and 0.69 mm for implant overdenture groups, ie, almost 1 mm less in the overdenture group). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Female gender was a risk factor for greater resorption. Other factors, such as the number of years a patient had been edentulous, initial height of the mandible, and the number of dentures used, failed to show an association with resorption of the residual posterior mandibular ridge, while the statistically significant effect of age was unlikely to be clinically significant.     

Studies of residual ridge resorption. II. The relationship of dietary calcium and phosphorus to residual ridge resorption

This report presents results of an original investigation of the relationship between dietary calcium and phosphorus and alveolar bone resorption in edentulous patients.The diets of subjects with minimal bone resorption were compared with the diets of subjects with severe alveolar destruction. The results indicate a positive correlation among low calcium intake, calcium/phosphorus imbalance, and severe ridge resorption. Relationships among actual volume intake of these minerals, recommended allowances, and clinical findings were described.Emphasis was placed on the importance of considering dietary factors in the diagnosis and treatment of prosthodontic problems which arise from the excessive resorption of residual ridges.     

Bioelectric stimulation and residual ridge resorption.

The use of exogenous pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) to stimulate the healing of nonunions and other long bone defects is common in medicine. This investigation used the dog model and image analysis of standardized radiographs to assess loss of residual ridge height following extractions. It demonstrates the effectiveness of intermittent PEMF to reduce the rate of residual ridge resorption. It further suggests there may be a causal relationship between residual ridge resorption and the alteration of endogenous bioelectric signals caused by the loss of teeth.