螺旋断层放疗系统的先进性评估分析

目的从医学工程技术的角度评估和分析螺旋断层放疗系统的先进性,为医院采购此种放疗设备提供技术参考。材料与方法根据目前已发表的关于螺旋断层放疗系统的专业文献以及现在CT技术发展的工业水平逐一评估此放疗系统在图像引导放疗（IGRT）、调强放疗（IMRT）、剂量引导放疗（DGRT）等方面的先进性,并分析了该系统的进一步发展方向。结果与讨论螺旋断层放疗系统的IGRT功能可以实现每天为每一位放疗患者进行低剂量的螺旋扇形束兆伏（MV）级CT图像引导,实现治疗前的精确摆位。IMRT功能上可以实现在三维空间上剂量的高度适形能力。DGRT功能上实现了真正的实时剂量验证功能以及依据实时剂量重建结果计算患者累积的受照剂量分布,指导放疗医生和物理师进一步高质量地完成后续放疗计划。在系统效率、运动校正方面还有进一步的发展空间。结论螺旋断层放疗系统是一款专门为图像引导调强放疗而设计的设备。CT与直线加速器的融合实现了螺旋断层放射治疗,并真正意义上实现了剂量引导下的自适应放疗。它代表着以最大限度杀灭肿瘤细胞和最大程度保护正常组织为目标的精确放疗设备发展的一个方向。     

放射治疗的新装备新技术——“直线加速器断层放疗技术座谈会”在京举办

放射治疗技术近年来发展非常迅速,已经从10年前的二维发展到当前的三维适形,调强治疗（IMRT）发展到影像引导下的放射治疗（IGRT）。断层放疗是2003年进入放疗领域的新设备,是集医用直线加速器和螺旋CT技术于一体的,     

螺旋断层放疗的日常质量控制与质量保证

通过总结螺旋断层放疗(TomoTherapy)设备的质量控制与质量保证方法,以完善螺旋断层放疗影像引导调强治疗(IGRT)系统的质量控制体系,为有需要的病人提供安全的影像引导调强放射治疗。     

议瓦里安23EX多叶光栅供电

美国瓦里安直线加速器是目前国际上先进的放射治疗专用设备,具有满足临床需要的光子线和电子线多档能量组合.系统不仅可开展常规放射治疗技术,还具有目前国际先进精确的图像引导放射治疗技术（IGRT）,调强放射治疗技术（IMRT）、快速旋转容积调强技术（Rapid Arc）及动态自适应放疗技术（DART）等.通过高精度和高稳定的剂量率为肿瘤患者提供全身各部位精确有效的治疗.其中MLC对于试型、调强治疗尤为重要.     

螺旋断层放射治疗技术在头颈部肿瘤中的应用

螺旋断层放射治疗技术是近年来逐渐发展起来的一种调强适形放疗技术,目前已经初步应用于口咽癌、鼻咽癌等多种头颈部肿瘤治疗中。与传统的调强放疗比,螺旋断层放射治疗技术具有剂量更准确、分布更均匀、更好保护重要器官以及降低放疗后不良反应发生率等优点。该文就国内外螺旋断层放射治疗技术在头颈部肿瘤中的应用予以综述。     

近十年来放射治疗技术与设备的进展

近十年来临床放射治疗得到了长足的发展。高清影像对放疗质量的提高有着积极的意义,影像引导放疗技术及机载影像设备的出现使得放疗定位精度有了质的飞跃,保证了高适形度的剂量可以准确地投照到肿瘤位置。放疗投照技术中的螺旋调强和容积旋转调强,相比传统技术而言,向着适形更高、治疗方法更灵活和治疗时间更短几个方向发展。同时,现代计算机及网络技术的发展与应用,为支持新的放疗技术以及兼容各种影像装备的实时放疗计划系统、影像采集和处理的需要提供了坚实的基础。本文总结了影像引导放疗（IGRT）技术、放疗设备与投照技术的发展,以及计算机技术在放疗领域中的应用。     

ToMoTHERAPY螺旋断层放射治疗的现状与应用前景

本文以Wisconsin大学Madison医院开发的螺旋断层治疗技术为依据介绍螺旋断层治疗系统,阐述了螺旋断层放射治疗在以图像引导为特征的肿瘤放疗中的重要地位和发展前景。     

螺旋断层自适应放疗系统机房屏蔽探讨

2002年由美国Tomo Therapy Ineorprated研发成功Tomo Therapy Hi-Art System（螺旋断层自适应放疗系统）,是一种在CT图像引导下,以调强治疗为主的放射治疗设备。它的独特性在于将诊断螺旋CT和医用电子直线加速器进行结合,使其同时具有影像扫描功能和放射治疗功能,     

图像引导放射治疗技术的研究现状与发展

图像引导放射治疗(IGRT)是继三维适形放射治疗及调强适形放射治疗之后发展起来的又一新技术,是当前放射治疗技术研究的热点。IGRT由最初的电子射野影像系统到4D-CT,通过在线校正及自适应放疗等方式实现图像引导放射治疗,在临床应用上得到飞速的发展。本文主要介绍了这项先进技术的国内外的研究与发展状况。     

宫颈癌三维适形调强放射治疗摆位和照射技术

目的探讨宫颈癌三维适形调强放射治疗（IMRT）的治疗摆位、照射技术及放疗质量保证。方法采用体膜（或真空膜）固定体位，通过CT（或MRI）确定等中心点。调强治疗计划和实施由NOMOS公司Peacock系统完成，利用Varian600C直线加速器6MV—X线，采用1cm或2cm步进式断层技术（Peacock MiMiC）进行治疗摆位和照射。结果IMRT与传统的放射治疗技术相比，显著降低了正常组织和器官（如小肠、膀胧和直肠）的受照剂量，同时增加了肿瘤靶区剂量，肿瘤消退率100％。结论宫颈癌三维适形调强放射治疗（IMRT），剂量分布理想，局部控制较好，疗效确切，更好的保护正常组织，减少消化道、泌尿系和骨髓的毒性反应。     

适形断层调强放疗光栅系统（YPSUN4000金雀系统）

适形断层调强放射治疗是最前沿的一种调强技术，采用类似CT的模式，分层沿环形对肿瘤进行照射治疗。适形断层调强光栅（MLC）是其关键设备。断层调强光栅直接外挂在各类加速器上，装拆方便，配合治疗床的旋转及移动．实现调强放疗。     

Radiation shielding design of a new tomotherapy facility

It is expected that intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) will replace a large portion of radiation therapy treatments currently performed with conventional MLC-based 3D conformal techniques. IGRT may become the standard of treatment in the future for prostate and head and neck cancer. Many established facilities may convert existing vaults to perform this treatment method using new or upgraded equipment. In the future, more facilities undoubtedly will be considering de novo designs for their treatment vaults. A reevaluation of the design principles used in conventional vault design is of benefit to those considering this approach with a new tomotherapy facility. This is made more imperative as the design of the TomoTherapy system is unique in several aspects and does not fit well into the formalism of NCRP 49 for a conventional linear accelerator.     

螺旋断层放射治疗的应用与防护

螺旋断层放射治疗(通称Tomotherapy或TOMO)将直线加速器和螺旋CT整合起来,使治疗计划、患者摆位和治疗过程融为一体,使用调强的扇形射线束,采用螺旋旋转的方式以360°对肿瘤进行照射,适用于各种复杂或贴近重要器官的肿瘤的放射治疗,在临床治疗中具有独特的优势,但其相关的质量控制与放射防护已引起了人们极大的关注。现主要阐述Tomotherapy治疗系统的结构与工作特征、质量控制与放射防护的要素和影响因素,以及临床应用状况,提出存在的突出问题和未来的技术发展方向。     

调强放射治疗的最新进展

本文扼要地叙述调强放射治疗的定义、实施方法,逆向计划设计与优化,放射治疗过程的整合,"三精"放射治疗,以及图像引导放射治疗的最新进展.     

放射治疗设备及其技术的应用与展望

放射治疗是恶性肿瘤治疗的三大手段之一。近年来,临床放射医学提出了避免照射和提高肿瘤局部控制率,以及精确放射治疗的新要求,为适应临床医学的需要,以医用直线加速器为代表的放疗设备及其应用技术呈现出前所未有的快速发展,IGRT和IMRT将成为本世纪放射治疗设备及其技术的主流。论述了放射治疗设备的发展及其应用,指出随着分子影像学和肿瘤生物学的发展,以生物靶区和生物剂量为基础的肿瘤生物适形技术和相应治疗设备也呈现出巨大的前景。     

Japanese structure survey of radiation oncology in 2009 based on institutional stratification of the Patterns of Care Study

The ongoing structure of radiation oncology in Japan in terms of equipment, personnel, patient load and geographic distribution was evaluated in order to radiation identify and improve any deficiencies. A questionnaire-based national structure survey was conducted from March 2010 to January 2011 by the Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (JASTRO). These data were analyzed in terms of the institutional stratification of the Patterns of Care Study (PCS). The total numbers of new cancer patients and total of cancer patients (new and repeat) treated with radiation in 2009 were estimated at 201,000 and 240,000, respectively. The type and numbers of systems in actual use consisted of Linac (816), telecobalt (9), Gamma Knife (46), (60)Co remote afterloading system (RALS) (29) and (192)Ir RALS systems (130). The Linac systems used dual energy function for 586 (71.8%), 3DCRT for 663 (81.3%) and IMRT for 337 units (41.3%). There were 529 JASTRO-certified radiation oncologists (ROs), 939.4 full-time equivalent (FTE) ROs, 113.1 FTE medical physicists and 1836 FTE radiation therapists. The frequency of interstitial radiation therapy use for prostate and of intensity-modulated radiotherapy increased significantly. PCS stratification can clearly identify the maturity of structures based on their academic nature and caseload. Geographically, the more JASTRO-certified physicians there were in a given area, the more radiation therapy tended to be used for cancer patients. In conclusion, the Japanese structure has clearly improved during the past 19 years in terms of equipment and its use, although a shortage of manpower and variations in maturity disclosed by PCS stratification remained problematic in 2009.     

Japanese structure survey of radiation oncology in 2015

This article describes the ongoing structure of radiation oncology in Japan in terms of equipment, personnel, patient load and geographic distribution to identify and overcome any existing limitations. From May 2016 to August 2018, the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology conducted a questionnaire based on the Japanese national structure survey of radiation oncology in 2015. Data were analyzed based on the institutional stratification by the annual number of new patients treated with radiotherapy per institution. The estimated annual numbers of new and total (new plus repeat) patients treated with radiation were 225 000 and 271 000, respectively. Additionally, the estimated cancer incidence was 891 445 cases with approximately 25.2% of all newly diagnosed patients being treated with radiation. The types and numbers of treatment devices actually used included linear accelerator (linac; n = 936), Gamma Knife (n = 43), ⁶⁰Co remote afterloading system (RALS; n = 21), and ¹⁹²Ir RALS (n = 129). The linac system used dual-energy functions in 754 units, 3D conformal radiotherapy functions in 867, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) functions in 628. There were 899 Japan Radiological Society/Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology-certified radiation oncologists (RO), 1213.9 full-time equivalent (FTE) ROs, 2394.2 FTE radiotherapy technologists (RTT), 295.7 FTE medical physicists, 210.2 FTE radiotherapy quality managers, and 906.1 FTE nurses. The frequency of IMRT use significantly increased during this time. In conclusion, the Japanese structure of radiation oncology has clearly improved in terms of equipment and utility although there was a shortage of personnel in 2015.     

适形结合体部γ刀照射在宫颈癌放疗中的应用与研究

目的：探索适形结合体部γ刀照射在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用。方法：将60例患者随机分成2组,对第1组进行宫颈癌调强适形放射治疗计划设计,第2组进行适形结合体部γ刀照射,分别设计适形和体部γ刀放疗计划,比对放疗计划的优劣性。结果：适形结合体部γ刀照射使直肠受量较小,对放射性直肠损伤小。结论：适形结合体部γ刀照射治疗宫颈癌使周围正常组织接受照射的体积小、副反应小,是一种有效的治疗方法。