西拉普利和依那普利治疗原发性高血压的临床对照研究

目的探讨西拉普利治疗高血压的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用随机对照的方法治疗115例高血压患者。结果服药8周后西拉普利组总有效率89.8%，收缩压和舒张压分别由治疗前153±15mmHg，104±9mmHg降至治疗后131±11mmHg，91±8mmHg；依那普利组总有效率为91.1%，收缩压和舒张压分别由治疗前155±12mmHg，102±10mmHg降至治疗后139±14mmHg，90±9mmHg，二组比较无统计学意义。西拉普利治疗后使收缩和舒张负荷均有下降，与用药前有显著的差别；无严重的不良反应。结论一平苏是一种安全和有效的治疗轻中度原发性高血压的药物。     

卡维地洛治疗顽固性高血压的长期临床随访研究

目的探讨卡维地洛治疗顽固性高血压的临床疗效和安全性.方法采用随机入选其他药物治疗无效或疗效欠佳的高血压患者共48例,其中男性26例,女性22例,平均年龄57.2±9.4岁(24～67岁).结果服药4周后卡维地洛总有效率%,收缩压和舒张压分别由治疗前168.8±21.1mmHg,109.3±14.0mmHg降至治疗后137.9±11.2mmHg,89.8±8.7mmHg,心率从治疗前77.5±14.8次/分降至66.7±7.2次/分;服药8周后卡维地洛总有效率91.7%,收缩压和舒张压分别降至治疗后134.1±10.5mmHg,85.3±7.6mmHg,心率平均为65.4±6.9次/分.有效病例继续服药至24周.卡维地洛治疗后使收缩和舒张负荷均有下降,与用药前有显著的差别;无严重的不良反应.结论卡维地洛是一种安全和有效的治疗顽固性高血压的药物.     

舌下含服巯甲丙脯酸与心痛定治疗高血压急症的比较

在治疗高血压急症方面,舌下含服巯甲丙脯酸25mg 与含服心痛定10mg 进行比较,以确定其效果和安全性。接受巯甲丙脯酸治疗的10例病人中的9例,降压高峰发生在50分钟,其收缩压和舒张压分别由245±39mmHg 降至190±25mmHg(P<0.025)和由144±8mmHg降至115±8mmHg(P<0.01)。其降压效果平均     

国产尼索地平片治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

本研究采用自身对照开放试验方法,观察国产尼索地平片对轻、中度原发性高血压患者的疗效和耐受性.共有268例患者进入研究,其舒张压在95-114mmHg之间.经过7—10天的观察期,给予国产尼索地平片10mg-20mg,每日2次.治疗6周后病人收缩压和舒张压分别从162.26±16.92mmHg和103.63±7.15mmHg降至139.90±12.65mmHg和88.36±9.10mmHg(P<0.005),降压显效率达75.37%(202/268),有效率达21.27%(57/268).总有效率达96.63%.不良反应多为轻中度头痛、面红、踝部浮肿等.其中60例患者接受了单用尼索地平片6个月的长期治疗,结果显示血压得到稳定的控制,平均收缩压和舒张压分别波动在136.3—141.2 mmHg和86.3—88.0mmHg.16例病人进行了24h动态血压监测,结果显示24h平均收缩压和平均舒张压分别从143.20±20.68mmHg和88.87±10.20mmHg降至136.87±13.58mmHg和84.93±9.66mmHg(p<0.05).由此可见,国产尼索地平片是一种有效且易于耐受的抗高血压药物.     

氯沙坦的降压疗效及其对血压谷/峰比值的影响

目的:以动态血压观察氯沙坦片对原发性高血压病患者的疗效及其对血压谷峰比值的影响。方法:60例原发性高血压病患者被随机均分为氯沙坦片组和苯那普利片组(各30例),分别给予氯沙坦片50～100mg和苯那普利片10～20mg,晨服,1次/日,疗程16周。结果:治疗后两组病人的血压均有明显下降,氯沙坦片组,收缩压(SBP)由治疗前的168.2±16.3 mmHg降至138.3±17.2mmHg,舒张压(DBP)由治疗前的99.8±8.1mmHg降至治疗后的85.3±6.4mmHg,SBP、DBP谷/峰比值分别为0.73和0.68;苯那普利组;SBP由治疗前的169.4±16.7mmHg降至139.3±16mmHg,DBP由治疗前的98.7±9.2mmHg降至治疗后的84.6±6.3mmHg,SBP、DBP谷/峰比值分别为0.67、0.63,与治疗前比较,P均<0.01,但组间比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。氯沙坦组无明显副作用,苯那普利组有6例出现咳嗽,2例咳嗽较剧烈,退出观察。结论:氯沙坦片能安全、有效、平稳地降低高血压病人的血压,其疗效与苯那普利疗效相似,但副作用明显少于后者,是高血压治疗的理想用药。     

硝苯地平控释片伍用珍菊降压片治疗舒张期高血压的观察

目的　观察硝苯地平控释片 (商品名拜新同 )伍用珍菊降压片治疗对一般治疗效果不佳的中青年舒张期高血压病的疗效。方法　 38例中青年原发性舒张期高血压患者为观察对象 ,轻中度高血压 35例 ,3例为重度。拜新同 30mg 片 ,每日 1次晨服 ,珍菊降压片每日 3次 ,每次 1片。前 18例于就诊当时即予珍菊降压片一片 ,拜新同一片口服 ,2小时后再测血压 ,心率。前 18例及后 2 0例均在用药前 ,用药第 2、4周末测右臂坐位血压及心率 ,并观察症状改变情况。结果　本方法对均有高血压患者均有效 ,且高血压引发的症状好转 ,无明显不良反应。前 18例患者用药前的收缩压为 (140 8±11 4)mmHg ,用药 2小时为 (131 6± 7 6 )mmHg(P >0 0 5 )。舒张压为 (10 5 4± 6 5 )mmHg降至 (91 3±5 4)mmHg(P <0 0 5 )。 38例用药前收缩压为 (141 6± 11 6 )mmHg ,于第 2、4周末转为 (131 9± 7 8)mmHg、(131 4± 7 6 )mmHg(P >0 0 5 ) ,舒张压由原先的 (10 5 8± 6 6 )mmHg降至 (90 9± 5 6 )mmHg、(90 8± 5 6 )mmHg(P <0 0 5 )。结论　拜新同伍用珍菊降压片值得在“难治”的中青年舒张期高血压病人中验证、应用     

两种β阻滞剂治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的比较

目的 :比较国产卡维地洛与柳胺苄心定治疗轻、中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和安全性。方法 :轻中度原性高血压患者 5 0例 ,随机分为卡维地洛组 (n=2 5 )与柳胺苄心定组 (n =2 5 ) ,分别口服卡维地洛 10mgbid,柳胺苄心定 5 0mgbid (均 8AM与 8PM)。治疗 2周后卡维地洛组 9例与柳胺苄心定组 4例因血压降低不满意 (舒张压>90mmHg)而分别增加剂量到 2 0mg和 10 0mgbid。共观察4周。结果 :卡维地洛组舒张压下降 11.2± 6 .7mmHg(P <0 0 1) ,收缩压下降 6 .9± 16 .2mmHg。柳胺苄心定组舒张压下降 1.1± 6 .2mmHg(P <0 0 1)。卡维地洛组总有效率 88%与柳胺苄心定组 84%相似。两组用药前后心率、血糖及血清胆固醇、甘油三酯均无明显变化 ;卡维地洛组HDL虽明显下降 ,但仍在正常范围内 ,不良反应少。结论 :国产卡维地洛治疗高血压的疗效与对照药柳胺苄心定相似 ,其疗效确切 ,不良反应少 ,耐受性好。     

氨氯地平和依那普利对老年纯收缩期高血压患者动态血压的影响

目的　比较氨氯地平和依那普利对老年纯收缩期高血压患者的 2 4h动态血压的影响。方法　将 6 0例轻中度纯收缩期高血压老年患者随机分为两组 ,每组 30例。分别选用氨氯地平片 5mg和依那普利片 10mg ,每日一次 ,共 4周。用药前后进行 2 4h动态血压监测。结果　两组药物治疗第 4周末 2 4h动态血压发现 ,2 4h平均收缩压、脉压、舒张压、平均动脉压均较服药前明显降低 ,统计学上有显著性差异。氨氯地平组治疗后总体收缩压和舒张压分别下降 17.0 3± 8.5 5mmHg和 4 .83± 4 .82mmHg ;平均动脉压下降了 8.86± 4 .76mmHg ,依那普利组治疗后总体收缩压和舒张压分别下降 14 .30± 7.2 6mmHg和 5 .97± 2 .87mmHg ,平均动脉压下降了 8.74± 3.0 7mmHg ,组间比较收缩压下降幅度无差异 (P =0 .187) ,脉压下降幅度有统计学意义 (P =0 .0 0 5 )。氨氯地平组脉压差下降幅度大于依那普利组 (16 .97± 14 .0 6mmHg比 8.33± 7.84mmHg ,P =0 .0 0 5 ) ,两药对舒张压的影响组间比较无统计学差异。两组有效率相似 (76 .7%比 73.3% ,P =0 .76 6 ) ,达标率的差异无统计学意义 (6 6 .7%比 5 6 .7% ,P =0 .4 2 6 )。氨氯地平组发生胫前水肿 2例 ,依那普利组咳嗽 5例。结论　氨氯地平与依那普利对老年纯收缩期高血压均有效 ,尤其     

低剂量吲哒帕胺缓释片治疗原发性高血压的30小时动态血压评价

目的　评价吲哒帕胺 1 5mg新型缓释片 (SRI .D)的长效降压疗效及安全性。方法　 2 4例轻中度原发性高血压患者 ,服SRI .D 1 5mg前和 8周后分别进行连续 3 0小时的动态血压监测 ,并测定血钾及血尿酸 ,观察药物的安全性。结果　服药后诊所血压总有效率 54 2 %。SBP/DBP由治疗前的 (14 2 4± 11 9/ 97 2± 5 0 )mmHg降至治疗后的(13 2 5± 8 4/ 88 0± 6 0 )mmHg ,心率无明显改变。前 2 4小时ABPM血压由 (13 0 3± 9 1/ 86 3± 6 3 )mmHg降至 (12 3 4±10 3 / 81 4± 7 3 )mmHg ,延长段 6小时ABPM血压由 (13 6 9± 9 7/ 90 7± 6 0 )mmHg降至 (12 8 0± 8 6/ 85 7± 7 9)mmHg ,两者均有显著意义。SBP和DBP的T/P比值分别为 0 75和 0 73。治疗后血钾由 (4 6± 0 56)mmol/L下降至 (4 1±0 3 6)mmol/L(P <0 0 1) ,最低值为 3 5mmol/L(2例 )。血尿酸值由服药前的 (3 3 3 8± 73 0 )mol/L变为 (3 67 9± 88 3 )μmol/L ,异常的例数由 3例上升至 7例 ,但尚无统计学差异。 结论　吲哒帕胺 1 5mg缓释片每日 1次给药降压平稳而达 3 0小时以上 ,不良反应少     

白领高血压特点及治疗

目的探讨白领高血压特点及其药物治疗.方法通过对760例白领工作人员的调查,观察其高血压发病特点及药物治疗效果.结果白领高血压发病率为14%,明显高于普通人群.阿尔马尔治疗后舒张压明显下降,从治疗前95±4.7mmHg降至82±5.6mmHg(P＜0.05),而收缩压无明显变化(P＞0.05),结论白领高血压以舒张压升高为多见,阿尔马尔治疗有效降低其血压.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。