口内入路改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突

目的:探讨改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(SSRO)和经典SSRO何种术式是矫治下颌前突的更为合适的手术方式。方法:采用改良SSRO或经典SSRO矫正真性下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例,采用改良术式矫正43例,经典术式矫正52例。结果:经典术式组术后单侧或双侧下唇麻木9例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,严重出血1例,术后切口感染1例,术后复发3例。改良术式组术后感觉障碍2例,术后复发1例,无颌骨意外骨折、严重出血、术后感染等并发症发生。随访3月～7年,所有患者术后面型及咬合关系均得到明显改善。结论:改良术式具有经典术式无法比拟的优点:操作方便,手术时间短,术后恢复快;手术风险小;增加了下颌体的后退量;术中术后并发症少。因而是下颌前突尤其是严重前突和伴有偏颌畸形患者升支矢状劈开旋转、后退的首选术式,配合正规及时的术前、术后口腔正畸治疗,具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

Skeletal changes after modified intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism.

BACKGROUND: Orthognathic surgery is widely used to correct congenital and acquired dentofacial discrepancies. Various surgical procedures have been advocated for correction of mandibular prognathism. In this study, a modified intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy has been developed for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. The aim of this study is to identify contributing factors to skeletal change by analysing cephalometric changes after modified intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. METHODS: Forty-one patients, treated for absolute mandibular prognathism by bilateral modified intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, were evaluated cephalometrically with reference to the menton point. A set of four standardised lateral cephalograms were obtained from each subject preoperatively (T1) and immediately postoperatively (T2), prior to removal of maxillomandibular fixation (T3), and at 1-year postoperatively (T4). The mean setback of the menton was 12.4 mm in the horizontal direction. Relapse was defined as forward movement of the menton during the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The highly significant backward movements in a horizontal direction were observed during the maxillomandibular fixation period (T3-T2). Moreover, highly significant forward movement was observed following the maxillomandibular fixation period (T4-T3). After 1-year follow-up (T4-T2), the mean changes of the menton were 0.1 mm backward in the horizontal direction. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the mean skeletal change compared with the amount of setback was less than 1% (0.1/12.4 mm) in backward movement. The results suggest that the modified intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy technique is useful and the more stable approach for correction of severe mandibular prognathism.     

Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism: long-term stability

Various techniques and modifications have been introduced in the treatment of mandibular prognathism. However, there are still few reports concerning long-term stability, especially using the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term stability for correction of mandibular prognathism using IVRO. Twenty-five mandibular prognathism patients were treated by bilateral IVRO, and were evaluated cephalometrically by reference to the menton. A set of 3 standardized lateral cephalograms were obtained from each subject preoperatively (T1), immediately postoperatively (T2), and after 2 years postoperatively (T3). Relapse was defined as forward movement of menton after the 2-year follow-up. The mean setback of the menton was 12.8 mm in horizontal direction and 0.9 mm downward in vertical direction. The average follow-up was 33.9 months. The mean relapse was 1.3 mm (10.2% = 1.3 of 12.8) in forward direction and 0.6 mm in upward direction. There was no significant movement in the vertical direction. However, significant relapse was shown in the horizontal direction, even though the amount was small. The long-term stability of our present study suggested that IVRO is useful for correction of mandibular prognathism.     

Correction of mandibular prognathism by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy and improvement of the technic

A new procedure, intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) becomes more and more popular in correction of mandibular prognathism recently. Simplified operation, decreased bleeding and mild reaction after operation are the advantages of this procedure. 32 cases of mandibular prognathism corrected by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy were reported in this paper. Modifications for avoiding fracture and displacement of proximal segment, the main complication and indications of IVRO were discussed.     

下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸矫治下颌前突畸形

目的：探讨应用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸建[牙合]矫治下颌前突畸形方法的可行性及优缺点。方法：2000年1月～2005年12月,应用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸建[牙合]共矫治43例下颌前突畸形患者,所有患者术前均未接受过正畸治疗。结果：43例患者通过下颌升支矢状劈开术后退下颌骨,联合术后快速正畸3～7个月,基本建立良好咬合关系,恢复正常咬合功能。随访6个月～3年,效果稳定。结论：下颌前突畸形采用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸,不但能够显著地改善颌骨畸形,而且可以快速建立正常咬合关系。     

下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突并发症的原因和预防

目的:探讨应用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突并发症的原因及预防措施。方法:对1997年1月～2005年1月于我院采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫正的下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例术后并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:术后单侧或双侧下唇区感觉障碍11例,严重出血1例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,术后切口感染1例,畸形轻度复发4例。结论:下齿槽神经损伤、出血、骨折、感染和复发是下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术常见并发症,不仅影响手术效果,而且可能危及生命。必须根据发生原因采取有效的预防措施,才能降低或避免其发生。     

下颌升支矢状劈开术颊侧垂直骨切口的改良

目的 分析改良下颌升支矢状劈开术(sagittal split ramas osteotomy,SSRO)临床运用的情况,探讨其在正颌外科广泛应用的可能性.方法 195例患者利用SSRO矫正下颌骨畸形,其中90例采用SSRO传统术式,105例采用改良SSR0,将颊侧垂直骨切口移至颏孔区.结果 所有患者治疗效果良好,并发症与传统方式无明显差异.结论 SSR0改良方式的目的 是增大骨段的接触面积和减少手术创伤.颊侧截骨线前移至颏孔区,接触面积得到较大幅度的增加,有利于骨创伤的固定和愈合.同时,通过手术中细致操作,可以有效防止神经损伤等手术并发症的发生.     

Condylar luxation following bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: The intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) is widely used to treat mandibular prognathism and some forms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). This retrospective report evaluated the incidence of condylar luxation following bilateral IVRO. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical records and radiographs of 319 patients seen during a 13-year period between 1992 and 2005 were evaluated. The mean age of the patients (232 females, 87 males) at the time of surgical procedure was 26.1 years. All patients underwent a bilateral IVRO to treat mandibular prognathism or TMD. Postoperatively, the condylar position was evaluated from lateral and anteroposterior cephalograms and tomograms of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). RESULTS: An IVRO was performed on 638 sides in 319 patients. In 8 sides in 8 patients, the proximal segments were dislocated, and the condylar heads were located beyond the articular eminence. One patient underwent a closed reduction under local anesthesia, and 4 patients underwent an open reduction under sedation or general anesthesia. The average follow-up period was 4.3 years (1.2-9 years). Six of the 8 patients did not complain of any TMJ dysfunction. The objective clinical evaluation also did not reveal any dysfunctional patterns. A TMJ click on the affected side was observed in 1 patient, and mandibular deviation to the affected side upon opening the mouth was observed in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Although condylar sag is a consistent finding after IVRO, the mandibular condyles tend to return their preoperative positions. In this study, condylar luxation was observed in 1.3% (8/638) of the joints after bilateral IVRO. However, there were no severe clinical problems in these patients during a relatively long follow-up period.     

Condylar head remodeling following mandibular setback osteotomy for prognathism: a comparative study of different imaging modalities.

PURPOSE: Condylar remodeling, which develops after mandibular setback osteotomy, was evaluated and compared in CT, plain film radiographs, and MR images acquired postoperatively. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients treated with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and 46 patients treated with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) were studied. Remodeling as seen in the images and the diagnostic agreement between imaging modalities was evaluated. RESULTS: A newly formed bone layer in the posterior part of the condylar head was identified as a sign suggestive of remodeling. This sign was seen predominantly at periods over 6 months postoperatively. IVRO subjects had a higher incidence of remodeling than did the SSRO group. The diagnostic agreement between the 3 imaging modalities was substantial. There was a positive correlation between postoperative condylar displacement and the incidence of remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative condylar head remodeling may be predictable. High-dose postoperative imaging studies to assess the TMJ should be restricted to those cases having a clear need for such studies.     

口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术的改良及应用

目的：为便于术中行骨间坚固内固定和增强术后的稳定性，设计改良的口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术方法并进行应用。方法：66例牙颌面畸形患者均行改良的口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术。切口设计要点：①软组织切口宜延至第二前磨牙；②骨组织垂直切口应从第一磨牙近中面始垂直向下颌缘；宜在每侧下颌升支骨间斜形线近远骨端两侧用三块小型钛板钛钉行坚固内固定，间隔10mm。术后辅以1～2周颌间牵引固定。结果：无论下颌骨前徙、后退或旋转，下颌骨均较稳定地在设计的位置愈合，获得满意的颜面外形和稳定的咬合关系。结论：该手术改良便于术中骨断端间行坚固内固定，同时钛板钛钉坚固内固定的方法与位置可减少损伤下齿槽神经血管束，增加了术后骨段间的接触面与稳定性并预防了复发。另外，术前与术后正畸治疗的配合是必需的。     

Changes in the temporomandibular joint after mandibular setback surgery in monkeys: intraoral vertical versus sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the changes in condylar position and structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after mandibular setback using 2 forms of the ramus osteotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve adult male rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into groups A (n = 6) and B (n = 6) for mandibular setback surgical procedure. An intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) was performed in group A, whereas a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) was performed in group B. Changes in condylar position were quantified by computed tomography (CT) preoperatively and postoperatively. All animals in groups A and B were killed at 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The TMJ specimens were harvested and processed for histological examination. RESULTS: In group A, the CT examinations showed a significant anteroinferior displacement of the condyle after surgical procedure. In group B, slight posterior displacement and lateral tilting of the condyle were noted after surgical procedure. Thickened cartilage layer and endochondral ossification were seen in the condyles of group A, but only minimal alteration in articular cartilage was found in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Both SSRO and IVRO can be biologically sound procedures for correction of mandibular prognathism. Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy procedure leads to condylar adaptive remodeling, which may have favorable effects on TMJ, and it could be considered as a preferred surgical treatment for those patients with preoperative TMJ disorders.     

穿颊器联合口内切口治疗下颌角及升支骨折的临床探讨

目的:探讨穿颊器联合口内入路复位内固定下颌骨升支及下颌角骨折的方法,评价该手术方法的的疗效.方法:对2006年12月～2009年5月间50例下颌骨升支及下颌角骨折患者,使用穿颊器经过颊部小切口联合口内切口复位内固定.采用口腔内切口达骨面,在骨折线对应皮肤处作约0.3cm切口,将穿颊器经皮肤切口穿通至骨面,经穿颊器行坚强内固定术.同时期的另外21例同类型骨折患者,仍按照传统下颌下入路行手术切开复位内固定,两组患者进行组间对比.结果:用穿颊器口内入路全部患者的开口度正常,咬合关系良好,无主诉关节疼痛与弹响症状.全部患者无面神经损伤、无涎瘘、面颈皮肤无明显手术瘢痕.传统口外入路6例患者内固定术后出现暂时性面瘫,下颌下区均可见明显术后瘢痕.结论:口内入路微创治疗下颌骨角部及升支骨折优于传统的下颌下切口法,是下颌骨升支及下颌角骨折的一种理想的治疗方法.     

Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism with a functionally stable osteosynthesis of the mandibular body

Several methods have been described for the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Current techniques favour surgical correction at the site of the anomaly itself and in the case of skeletal mandibular prognathism it is the mandibular body that must be cut and shortened. The authors describe two methods of oblique ostectomy and of sagittal splitting with ostectomy of the mandibular body, by which a planned and measured reduction of the size of the mandible can be achieved. The techniques provide a functionally stable osteosynthesis, the optimum conditions for post-operative bone healing and so reduce the period of intermaxillary immobilisation. The special problems of articular derangements of the temporo-mandibular joint due to a stable osteosynthesis can be avoided by the combined use of zygomatico-mandibular positioners and occlusal splints.     

下颌升支矢状劈开联合下颌下缘骨切除术矫正骨性反合并下颌骨过宽过长畸形

目的:总结正颌外科矫治下颌前突畸形的临床体会。方法:对12例下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期进行了下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术。结果:经术后1～2年随诊观察,12例患者均取得满意疗效,获得协调的上下颌关系,面下份形态轮廓恢复良好。结论:下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期行下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术,配合术前、术后的正畸治疗,降低了术中意外和术后并发症,弥补了传统行SSRO的不足,使患者恢复咬合功能的同时充分改善面部形态轮廓,达到面部整形美学标准。