Indications and Techniques of Extended Resection for Pancreatic Cancer

Introduction The resectability rate and postoperative survival rate for pancreatic carcinoma are poor. Aggressive resection including vascular resection and extended lymphadenectomy represent one strategy for improving survival. This study was carried out to clarify the indications for extended resection, especially vascular resection, for pancreatic carcinoma. Methods From July 1981 to March 2005, we performed curative resection in 289 of 443 patients with pancreatic carcinoma in our department (65.2%). Vascular resection was performed in 201 (69.5%) patients and portal vein resection without arterial resection in 186 patients. Combined portal and arterial resection was performed in 14 patients and arterial resection without portal vein resection in 1. Extended lymphadenectomy including paraaortic lymph nodes was done. The postoperative survival rate was stratified according to operative and pathology findings. Results Operative mortality (any death within 30 days after surgery) occurred in 11 of the 289 curative resection patients (3.8%), including 1 of 88 patients without vascular resection (1.1%), 5 of 186 portal vein resection patients without arterial resection (2.7%), and 5 of 14 (35.7%) arterial resection patients undergoing portal vein arterial resection as well. Most patients who survived for 2 to 3 years had carcinoma-free surgical margins. Conclusions The most important indication for vascular resection in patients with pancreatic cancer is the ability to obtain cancer-free surgical margins. Otherwise, vascular resection is contraindicated. Extended lymphadenectomy may be not of benefit.     

Combined vascular resection in operative resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: does it work or not?

BACKGROUND: It is still not clear how combined vascular resection affects the outcome of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate implications of combined vascular resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma by analyzing the outcomes of all patients who underwent operative resection. METHODS: A total of 161 of 228 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent bile duct resection with various types of hepatectomy (88%) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (4%). Combined vascular resection was carried out in 43 patients. Thirty-four patients had portal vein resection alone, 7 patients had both portal vein and hepatic artery resection, and 2 patients had right hepatic artery resection only. The outcomes were compared between the 3 groups: the portal vein resection alone (34), hepatic artery resection (9), and non-vascular resection (118). RESULTS: Histologically-positive tumor invasion to the portal vein beyond the adventitia was present in 80% of 44 patients undergoing combined portal vein resection. Operative mortality occurred in 11 (7%) patients. The survival rates of the non-vascular resection group were better than that of the portal vein resection alone and the hepatic artery resection groups: 1, 3, and 5 years after curative resection, 72%, 52%, and 41% versus 47%, 31%, and 25% (P < .05), and 17%, 0%, and 0% (P < .0001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed 4 independent prognostic factors of adverse effect on survival after operation; operative curability, lymph node metastases, portal vein resection, and hepatic artery resection. CONCLUSIONS: Although both portal vein and hepatic artery resection are independent poor prognostic factors after curative operative resection of locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma, portal vein resection is acceptable from an operative risk perspective and might improve the prognosis in the selected patients, however, combined hepatic artery resection can not be justified.     

Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases

OBJECTIVE: To examine recurrence and survival rates for patients treated with hepatic resection only, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) plus resection or RFA only for colorectal liver metastases. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal destruction techniques, particularly RFA, have been rapidly accepted into surgical practice in the last 5 years. Long-term survival data following treatment of colorectal liver metastasis using RFA with or without hepatic resection are lacking. METHODS: Data from 358 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases treated for cure with hepatic resection +/- RFA and 70 patients found at laparotomy to have liver-only disease but not to be candidates for potentially curative treatment were compared (1992-2002). RESULTS: Of 418 patients treated, 190 (45%) underwent resection only, 101 RFA + resection (24%), 57 RFA only (14%), and 70 laparotomy with biopsy only or arterial infusion pump placement ("chemotherapy only," 17%). RFA was used in operative candidates who could not undergo complete resection of disease. Overall recurrence was most common after RFA (84% vs. 64% RFA + resection vs. 52% resection only, P < 0.001). Liver-only recurrence after RFA was fourfold the rate after resection (44% vs. 11% of patients, P < 0.001), and true local recurrence was most common after RFA (9% of patients vs. 5% RFA + resection vs. 2% resection only, P = 0.02). Overall survival rate was highest after resection (58% at 5 years); 4-year survival after resection, RFA + resection and RFA only were 65%, 36%, and 22%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Survival for "unresectable" patients treated with RFA + resection or RFA only was greater than chemotherapy only (P = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for colorectal liver metastases. RFA alone or in combination with resection for unresectable patients does not provide survival comparable to resection, and provides survival only slightly superior to nonsurgical treatment.     

Longterm favorable results of limited hepatic resections for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: 20 years of experience

BACKGROUND: Recently, anatomic resection has been, in theory, considered preferable for eradicating portal venous tumor extension and intrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have reported the effectiveness of limited hepatic resection for cirrhotic patients with HCC. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out in 321 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection (anatomic resection, n=201; limited resection, n=120) as the initial treatment for solitary HCC<5 cm in our institution in the period 1985 to 2004 (median followup period 5.1 years). RESULTS: Anatomic resection did not influence overall and recurrence-free survival rates after hepatic resection. In the liver damage A group (n=215), both 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates in the anatomic resection group were considerably better than those in the limited resection group (87% versus 76%, p=0.02, and 63% versus 35%, p<0.01, respectively). In the liver damage B group (n=106), both 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates in the anatomic resection group were substantially worse than those in the limited resection group (48% versus 72%, p<0.01, and 28% versus 43%, p=0.01, respectively). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that anatomic resection was a notably poor factor in promoting recurrence-free survival in patients with liver damage B. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic resection should be recommended for noncirrhotic patients (liver damage A) with HCC. Longterm results of limited hepatic resection proved its validity for cirrhotic patients (liver damage B) with HCC.     

肝门部胆管癌根治性切除手术方式的改进

目的 规范肝门部胆管癌整块或根治性切除术的手术方式,改进和提高其手术治疗效果。方法 总结分析了解放军总医院１９８６年至１９９９年手术治疗的肝门部胆管癌１５７例资料。结果 总手术切除率为６７.５％（１０６／１５７）,根治性切除率为３７.６％（５９／１５７）。近３年对５４例肝门部胆管癌行手术切除,切除率为７４％（４１／５４）,根治性切除率为４３％（２３／５４）;随访年存活率：根治性切除组为５７％（１３／２３）,姑息性切除组为４１％（７／１７）,未切除组为７％（１／１４）。结论 术中病理诊断是选择根治性切除术的重要参考指标。     

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??Safety and efficacy of simultaneous resection and staged resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases??A Meta analysis WEI Meng??GENG Xiao-ping??ZHAO Hong-chuan??et al. Department of Organ Transplantation??the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University??Hefei 230022??China
Corresponding author??GENG Xiao-ping??E-mail??xp_geng@163.net
Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of simultaneous resection and staged resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (SCLM). Methods Medline??Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched from December 1999 to May 2012 to identify the case-control studies comparing outcomes following simultaneous resection and staged resection for SCLM. Results Fourteen case-control studies with a total of 2588 patients of SCLM undergone curative hepatic resection were reviewed. There were 931 simultaneous and 1657 staged resections. Complication incidence in simultaneous resection group was lower than that in staged resection group (41.1% vs. 44.8%)??and the difference was statistically significant (OR 0.79??95%CI??0.65??0.95??P=0.01). Less blood loss (P=0.02) and shorter hospital stay (P=0.00) were observed in simultaneous resection group. No significant difference was found in perioperative mortality rate (P=0.26), 3 years tumor-free survival rate (P=0.19), 5 years overall survival rate (P=0.86) and operative time (P=0.05) between two groups. Particularly??for major liver resections (resection of three or more segments)??the surgical complication incidence (P=0.26) and perioperative mortality rate (P=0.26) in the simultaneous resection group have not statistical difference compared with that in the staged resection group. Conclusion Simultaneous resection is safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with SCLM who can undergo staged resection. In appropriately selected patients??simultaneous resection might be considered as the preferred treatment.     

Bipolar transurethral resection in saline--an alternative surgical treatment for bladder outlet obstruction?

PURPOSE: The transurethral resection in saline system uses bipolar energy for transurethral prostate resection, thus, avoiding the need for glycine irrigation and its associated complications. We compared the clinical efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral resection in saline and of monopolar transurethral prostate resection for symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2005 to June 2006, 238 consecutive patients with symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia were randomized into a prospective, controlled trial comparing the 2 treatment modalities. Patient demographics, operative time, hospital stay and complications were noted. Serum hemoglobin and electrolytes were determined in all patients immediately before and after the endoscopic procedure. RESULTS: During 18 months 120 patients were randomized to the conventional transurethral prostate resection group and 118 were randomized to the transurethral resection in saline group. Patient profiles, weight of resected prostatic tissue and duration of hospitalization were similar in the 2 groups. The decrease in serum sodium and serum chloride was statistically significantly greater in the transurethral prostate resection group than in the transurethral resection in saline group (each p = 0.05). The transurethral resection in saline procedure required significantly more time (mean 56 vs 44 minutes, p <0.01). There was 1 case (0.8%) of transurethral resection syndrome in the transurethral prostate resection group but none in the transurethral resection in saline group. Postoperative bleeding did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Clot retention was observed in 6 (5%) and 4 patients (3%) in the transurethral prostate resection and transurethral resection in saline group, respectively. Two repeat interventions were required in the transurethral prostate resection group. CONCLUSIONS: The bipolar transurethral resection in saline system is as efficacious as monopolar transurethral prostate resection but it is safer than the latter because of the lesser decrease in postoperative hypernatremia and the smaller risk of transurethral resection syndrome. However, probably due to technical reasons, transurethral resection in saline operative time is significantly longer.     

Lobar and sublobar resection with and without brachytherapy for small stage IA non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic screening is detecting ever smaller peripheral non-small cell lung cancers. These smaller cancers are amenable to sublobar resection, but sublobar resection is not currently the treatment of choice. This study compared sublobar resection with lobar resection for stage IA non-small cell lung cancers to assess whether sublobar resection is appropriate treatment for certain lesions. The use of adjuvant brachytherapy was also evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study of 291 patients with T1 N0 disease was done. Outcomes after sublobar resection (n = 124) were compared with those after lobar resection (n = 167). Brachytherapy was used in conjunction with 60 (48%) sublobar resection operations. Analysis based on tumor diameter was performed. RESULTS: There were 137 cancers smaller than 2 cm and 154 cancers ranging from 2 to 3 cm. Patients undergoing sublobar resection were older (68.4 vs 66.1 years, P = .018) with poorer pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 53.1% vs 78.2%, P = .001). Mean follow-up was 34.5 months. Brachytherapy decreased local recurrence rate significantly among patients undergoing sublobar resection, from 11 (17.2%) to 2 (3.3%). For tumors smaller than 2 cm, there was no difference in survival between sublobar resection and lobar resection groups. For the larger tumors (2-3 cm), median survival was significantly better in the lobar resection group, at 70 versus 44.7 months ( P = .003). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative brachytherapy may reduce the local recurrence that is usually reported with sublobar resection. Our experience supports the further investigation of the use of sublobar resection with brachytherapy for peripheral stage IA non-small cell lung cancers smaller than 2 cm.     

The significance of surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary metastasis, which is the most common type of extrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been considered unsuitable for surgical resection because most pulmonary metastases are multiple. Until now there have been few reports about surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from HCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from HCC. METHODS: Among 615 patients who underwent radical hepatic resection for HCC in our hospital over the past 15 years, 8 patients who had developed 1 or 2 pulmonary metastases underwent pulmonary resection for the pulmonary metastases (resection group), the other 6 patients who had developed 1 or 2 pulmonary metastases did not undergo pulmonary resection (nonresection group). The clinicopathologic features and long-term prognosis of the resection group were examined and compared with those of the nonresection group. RESULTS: In the resection group, although intrahepatic recurrences were present before the diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis in 4 patients, they were well controlled by repeated transarterial chemoembolization and/or further hepatic resections. The average survival periods after the pulmonary resection and after the initial hepatic resection were 29 months (range, 5-80 mo) and 61 months (range, 24-133 mo), respectively. No patients in the resection group showed pulmonary recurrence after the pulmonary resection, and the cause of death of the patients in the resection group was not pulmonary metastasis. The survival rate of patients in the resection group was significantly better than that in the nonresection group. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from HCC might be beneficial in selected patients.     

Meta‐analysis of survival based on resection margin status following surgery for recurrent rectal cancer

Aim To determine the presence and duration of survival advantages was investigated for resection margin status (R0, R1 or R2) following surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Method A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies comparing resection margin status for LRRC. Weighted mean differences and meta‐analysis of hazard ratios were used as a measure of median and overall cumulative survival. Results Twenty‐two studies were included, providing outcome for 1460 patients undergoing surgery for LRRC. 57% underwent an R0 resection, 25% an R1 resection and 11% an R2 resection. The most commonly performed operations were abdominoperineal excision (35%), exenteration (23%) and anterior resection (21%). The range of median survival per resection margin was R0 28–92 months, R1 12–50 months, R2 6–17 months. Patients undergoing an R0 resection survived on average for 37.6 (95% confidence interval: 23.5–51.7) months longer than those undergoing R1 resection and 53.0 (31.2–74.8) months longer than those undergoing R2 resection. This correlated to a hazard ratio of 2.03 (1.73–2.38) for R0 vs R1 and 3.41 (2.21–5.25) for R0 vs R2. Patients undergoing R1 resection survived on average 13.3 (7.23–19.4) months longer than those undergoing R2 resection [hazard ratio of 1.68 (1.33–2.12)]. Conclusion Patients undergoing R0 resection have the greatest survival advantage following surgery for recurrent rectal cancer. There is a survival advantage for R1 over R2 resection, but there may be no benefit of R2 resection over palliative treatment.     

Survival benefits of portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer is controversial. METHODS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological findings and relationship between portal vein resection and survival were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatic resection with portal vein resection. Histological examination revealed that 17 patients had definite invasion to the portal vein (group 1) and 16 patients had no invasion (group 2). Forty-eight patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatic resection without portal vein resection (group 3). There were no significant differences in survival rates (P = 0.437) between patients with portal vein resection and patients without portal vein resection. However, patients in group 1 had a significantly (P = 0.021) worse prognosis as compared with those in group 2. Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 35% of patients in group 1 as compared with 13% of patients in group 2 and 21% of patients in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer had a prognosis similar to patients without portal vein resection. Negative microscopic invasion to the portal vein was significantly associated with improved survival.     

Pathology studies of combined radical resection of seminal vesicle in the treatment of rectal cancer

To inhibit local recurrence of rectal cancer, it is very important to ensure that there is a sufficient circumferential resection margin. We evaluated pathology studies of combined radical resection of seminal vesicles in the treatment of rectal cancer. We analyzed data from 7 cases of combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle in the treatment of rectal cancer; we also analyzed data from 35 control cases without seminal vesicle resection. The circumferential resection margin averaged 5.97 mm for cases that had combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle, and this was significantly longer than for cases without resection (P < 0.001). Local recurrence was not seen in cases that had combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle, whereas 3 cases (5.9%) occurred in the group that did not undergo resection. Combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle in patients with rectal cancer ensures that the distance of the circumferential resection margin is sufficient to inhibit local recurrence.     

胃癌侵及胰腺的外科治疗

目的：探讨胃癌侵及胰腺外科治疗的手术适应证和术式选择。方法：回顾性分析我院1984年6月至2001年6月对58例胃癌怀疑侵及胰腺的患进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果：扩大根治切除组（联合胰腺切除）36例，经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润24例（66．7％），淋巴结转移30例（83．3％），姑息切除组22例，术后并发症发生率15．5％，其中扩大根治切除组为16．7％，姑息切除组为13．6％，两差异无显性意义（P＞0．05），两组无手术死亡，随访48例，术后1、3、5年生存率扩大根治切除组分别为75．0％，38．9％，19．4％，姑息切除组分别为22．7％，9．1％，4．5％，扩大根治切除组术后1、3年生存率明显高于姑息切除组（P＜0．005），结论：对胃癌侵及胰腺的患，扩大根治切除可提高1、3年生存率，但选择适应证甚为重要。     

Prognostic impact of anatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic impact of anatomic versus nonanatomic resection on the patients' survival after resection of a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anatomic resection is a reasonable treatment option for HCC; however, its clinical significance remains to be confirmed. METHODS: Curative hepatic resection was performed for a single HCC in 210 patients; the patients were classified into the anatomic resection (n = 156) and nonanatomic resection (n = 54) groups. In 84 patients assigned to the anatomic resection group, segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy was performed. We evaluated the outcome of anatomic resection, including segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy, in comparison with that of nonanatomic resection, by the multivariate analysis taking into consideration 14 other clinical factors. RESULTS: Both the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates in the anatomic resection group were significantly better than those in the nonanatomic resection group (66% versus 35%, P = 0.01, and 34% versus 16%, P = 0.006, respectively). In the segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy group, the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 67% and 28%, respectively, both of which were also higher than the corresponding rates in the nonanatomic resection group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that anatomic resection was a significantly favorable factor for overall and disease-free survivals: the hazard ratios were 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.99, P= 0.04), and 0.65 (0.43-0.96, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Anatomic resection for a single HCC yields more favorable results rather than nonanatomic resection.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科切除治疗早期残胃癌长期疗效的比较研究

目的本研究旨在对内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)与外科手术切除治疗胃癌外科R0切除术后早期残胃癌(early remnant gastric cancer,ERGC)的远期疗效进行比较。 方法收集2008年1月至2016年12月就诊于解放军总医院的胃癌外科R0切除术后经内镜活检诊断为ERGC患者的临床和病理资料,根据患者接受治疗措施的不同将其分为ESD治疗组和外科手术组,在2020年5月对所有患者进行电话随访。计算ESD治疗组的整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算ESD组和外科手术组患者5年总生存率和病因特异性生存率,采用Log-Rank检验比较ESD组和外科手术组患者生存率的差异。 结果共纳入ERGC患者32例,其中ESD组21例、外科手术组11例。32例ERGC患者中男性31例(96.9%)。ESD治疗组的整块切除率76.2%(16/21)、完全切除率71.4%(15/21)、治愈性切除66.7%(14/21)。ESD组及外科手术组5年总生存率差异无统计学意义(78.8%比77.1%,P＝0.764),5年病因特异性生存率差异无统计学意义(78.8%比90.0%,P＝0.538)。 结论残胃空间有限及黏膜下严重纤维化都增加了ESD的难度,但ESD与外科手术切除治疗ERGC患者的长期疗效相当,ESD可作为ERGC的一种安全、有效的治疗选择。     

The value of differentiated transurethral resection in primary superficial bladder cancer

In a prospective study the efficacy of transurethral resection (n = 60) and differentiated resection (n = 66) in primary superficial bladder cancers was evaluated for persistent tumors and recurrences. At the control examination after 8 weeks an persistent tumor was found in 18.3% of cases after simple resection and in 9.1% after differentiated resection. The frequency of recurrences after a follow-up period of 3 years was 40% after simple resection and 27% after differentiated resection. The necessity of a third resection for complete removal of the tumor was shown in 12.1% following differentiated resection. Understaging or undergrading was detected in 3% with this method.     

不规则肝切除术和规则肝切除术在肝癌手术切除中的比较

【摘要】 目的〓探究不规则肝切除术和规则肝切除术在巨大肝癌手术切除中的临床应用及比较。方法〓本研究回顾性分析2006年6月至2014年6月罗定市人民医院收治的原发性肝癌肝切除手术患者,对已实施的不规则性肝切除术与规则性肝切除术两组病例进行比较。包括两组手术的围手术期各个指标及术中、术后各个指标进行比较。结果〓规则肝切除组中的手术时间、术中出血、输血浆、输红细胞量、住院时间及并发症发生率均明显地高于不规则肝切除组的情况,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而肿瘤能完整切除的最大直径显著小于不规则肝切除(P<0.05);二者在死亡率的比较上无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论〓与规则肝切除相较,不规则肝切除在腹部手术史引起严重腹腔内组织粘连、肝功能分级较差、肿瘤数目较多及小肝癌中均体现了明显的优势。而对于肿瘤体积较大的肝癌患者,规则肝切除则更为有效。     

直肠癌旁移行粘膜Ki-67、p53及C-erbB-2的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨直肠癌旁移行粘膜 (TM )的生物学性质及其临床意义。方法　应用粘液组织化学、免疫组织化学技术对 3 3例直肠癌手术切除标本及其近远端肠管粘膜 ,同步检测其Ki 67增殖指数、p5 3、C erbB 2蛋白表达率。结果　Ki 67指数在远切端移行粘膜较癌组织低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但高于近切端正常粘膜 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在癌组织与近切端正常粘膜中相比差异亦有显著性(P <0 .0 1)。p5 3蛋白阳性率在远切端TM中为 2 1.2 1% ,癌组织为 5 7.5 8% ,近切端正常粘膜为O ,远切端TM低于癌组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,但高于近切端正常粘膜 (P <0 .0 5 )。C erbB 2蛋白阳性率在远切端TM中为 18.18% ,癌组织为 60 .60 % ,近切端正常粘膜为O ,远切端TM低于癌组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,但高于近切端正常粘膜 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　直肠癌旁移行粘膜可能是一种原发性癌前病变 ;直肠癌远端的TM长度应作为保肛手术的参考指标之一     

胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头联合胰十二指肠切除43例临床分析

目的探讨胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头时的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1984年6月至2004年6月收治的采用胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗的胃癌侵及胰头43例临床资料。结果无手术死亡。19例根治手术中联合胰十二指肠切除术15例,胰头局部切除4例;姑息切除17例;探查及胃空肠吻合7例。术后并发症发生率:PD术后为33%(5/15),胰头部分切除为25%(1/4),姑息切除为18%(3/17),探查活检为14%(1/7)。组间差异无显著性意义(P>0·05)。随访:中位生存时间PD为26个月(12~156个月),胰头部分切除为23个月(14~73个月),姑息切除为8个月(3~37个月),探查及胃空肠吻合为3个月(1·5~9·0个月)。联合PD和胰头部分切除的生存期明显长于姑息切除和探查及胃空肠吻合组(P<0·01)。结论胃幽门窦癌联合PD或胰头局部切除能够提高病人的生存期,手术指征选择恰当和肿瘤的彻底根治是取得良好临床效果的关键。     

Multicentre, randomized clinical trial of primary versus secondary sigmoid resection in generalized peritonitis complicating sigmoid diverticulitis

BACKGROUND: The best way to manage generalized peritonitis complicating sigmoid diverticulitis is controversial. This randomized clinical trial involved a comparison of primary resection and suture, drainage with proximal colostomy followed by secondary resection. METHODS: From January 1989 to December 1996, 105 patients of mean(s.d.) age 66(14) (range 32-91) years were randomized to undergo primary or secondary resection. The main endpoint was occurrence of generalized or localized postoperative peritonitis. The Mannheim Peritonitis Index score was calculated for each patient to check for comparability of groups. RESULTS: Postoperative peritonitis occurred less often after primary than secondary resection whether considering the first procedure only (one of 55 patients versus ten of 48; P < 0.01) or all procedures (one of 55 versus 12 of 48; P < 0.001). Likewise, early reoperation was performed less often following primary resection than secondary resection (two of 55 versus nine of 48 (P < 0.02) and two versus 11 (P < 0.01)), leading to a shorter median first hospital stay for patients having primary resection (15 days) than for those undergoing secondary resection (24 days) (P < 0.05). The mortality rate did not differ significantly with regard to operative policy (primary resection 24 per cent versus secondary resection 19 per cent) or type of peritonitis (faeculent 27 per cent versus purulent 19 per cent). No patient died following a second or third procedure. CONCLUSION: Primary resection is superior to secondary resection in the treatment of generalized peritonitis complicating sigmoid diverticulitis because of significantly less postoperative peritonitis, fewer reoperations and shorter hospital stay.