骨硬化蛋白水平与绝经后妇女体脂含量及骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨绝经后妇女血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体脂含量及骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)之间的相关性。方法 对230名年龄在50~75岁之间健康的绝经后妇女进行横断面研究。通过双能X射线吸收仪测量受试者全身、腰椎、左侧股骨BMD及全身脂肪和肌肉含量。通过定量夹心酶联免疫吸附法测量受试者血清骨硬化蛋白水平。结果 与非骨质疏松症的女性相比,骨质疏松女性血清硬化蛋白水平显著降低(P <0.05)。血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体重和脂肪量呈正相关(P <0.05)。即使在校正年龄、绝经年龄、身高和体重之后,骨硬化蛋白水平与全身及各个部位的BMD均呈正相关(P <0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,与年龄、绝经年龄、脂肪量和肌肉量相比,血清骨硬化蛋白水平是全身和腰椎BMD最重要的决定因素(P <0.05)。年龄与血清硬化蛋白对髋部BMD的影响相似。结论 在绝经后妇女中,骨质疏松症患者的血清硬化蛋白水平低于非骨质疏松症患者。血清硬化蛋白与全身、腰椎、髋部的BMD和体脂含量呈正相关。     

Associations of fat mass and fat distribution with bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women

Summary  

Fat mass (FM) is closely related to bone mineral density (BMD). However, the associations of FM and fat distribution with BMD in pre- and postmenopausal women are still poorly understood. The present study showed android fat mass accumulation after menopause had a negative association with BMD.     

Relative contribution of lean and fat mass component to bone mineral density in males

 We investigated the relative contribution of lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass to bone mineral density (BMD) in 93 healthy Japanese male volunteers (mean age, 33.1 ± 6.9 years; range, 18–54 years). Age, height (Ht), weight (Wt), and body mass index (BMI, Wt/Ht²) were recorded. Body fat mass, percentage of body fat, body fat mass/Ht², LBM, LBM/Wt, LBM/Ht², and lumbar spine (L2–L4) and total body BMD (TBBMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. On the Pearson correlation test, LBM was positively correlated with L2–L4 BMD. LBM, LBM/Wt, and LBM/Ht² were positively correlated with TBBMD. However, body fat mass and body fat mass/Ht² were not correlated with lumbar spine and total body BMD. On the partial correlation test, LBM was still correlated with lumbar spine (r = 0.307, P < 0.05) and total body BMD (r = 0.545, P < 0.0001), irrespective of age and height, whereas body fat mass was not correlated with BMD of these sites (r = −0.069 and −0.169, respectively). We concluded that, in males, LBM is one of the significant determinants of BMD whereas body fat mass is a negligible BMD determinant. Received: February 15, 2002 / Accepted: July 5, 2002 Offprint requests to: T. Douchi     

Volumetric bone density of the lumbar spine is related to fat mass but not lean mass in normal postmenopausal women

We have previously found that fat mass but not lean body mass is related to bone mineral density (BMD) in women. In these and most other studies of the dependence of BMD on body composition, areal rather than volumetric bone density was measured. It is possible that the dependence of this variable on body size introduced a scale artifact that contributed to the previous findings. The present study addresses this issue by measuring thevolumetric density of the third lumbar vertebra from simultaneous anteroposterior (AP) and lateral scans using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 119 normal postmenopausal women. Whole body fat and lean body mass were also measured using this technique. In the AP projection, BMD was similarly related to body weight and to fat mass (r=0.44,p<0.0001 for both) but not to lean body mass (r=0.17, NS). BMD in the lateral projection was less closely related to body composition than was AP BMD, but the greater impact of fat (r=0.25,p<0.01) than lean body mass (r=0.09, NS) was still evident. When AP or lateral BMDs were divided by height, arm span or the square root of the scan area to produce an index with the dimensions of volumetric density, the dependence of BMD on body weight and fat mass were not affected but the relationship to lean body mass was eliminated (–0.02<r<0.09). Similarly, the volumetric density of the third lumbar vertebra was related to fat mass (r=0.21,p=0.02) but not to lean body mass (r=0.01). It is concluded that BMD is related to fat mass and that previously reported associations between lean body mass and BMD are probably contributed to by a scaling factor arising from failure to measure volumetric bone density.     

Association between bone mineral density,lean mass,and fat mass among healthy middle-aged premenopausal women: a cross-sectional study in southern Sri Lanka

Associations between lean mass, fat mass, and bone mass have been reported earlier; however, most of those studies have been done in Caucasian populations, and data from Asian countries, especially those in South Asia, are limited. We examined the associations between lean mass, fat mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC), determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technology, in a group of healthy, middle-aged, premenopausal female volunteers. The mean (SD) age of the women (n = 106) was 42.1 (6.1) years and the mean (SD) body mass index was 24.3 (3.6) kg/m². Total body BMD, total body BMC, and BMD in total spine, total hip, and femoral neck showed statistically significant partial correlations (adjusted for age) with total fat mass (r = 0.19–0.43, P < 0.05) and lean body mass (r = 0.28–0.54, P < 0.05). Truncal fat mass correlated positively with total body BMC and BMD at total hip and femoral neck (r = 0.33–0.40, P < 0.001). When a stepwise regression model was fitted, lean mass remained the strongest predictor of total body BMD, total body BMC, and total spine BMD (regression coefficients = 0.004–0.008 g/cm² per 1-kg change in lean mass, P < 0.001). Similarly, crude BMD and BMC increased across the tertiles of lean mass (P trend < 0.05). We show that lean mass is the strongest predictor of total body BMC and BMD at different sites, although positive correlations with fat mass also exist.     

The relative contributions of lean tissue mass and fat mass to bone density in young women

Although obesity is associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, there is little evidence to suggest that obesity increases risk of osteoporosis. In fact, both weight and body mass index (BMI) are positive predictors of bone mass in adults, suggesting that those who are overweight or obese may be at lower risk of osteoporosis. However, recent evidence suggests that in children and adolescents, obesity may be associated with lower rather than higher bone mass. To understand the relation of fat mass to bone mass, we examined data gathered from an ethnically diverse group of 921 young women, aged 20-25 years (317 African Americans, 154 Asians, 322 Caucasians, and 128 Latinas) to determine how fat mass (FM) as well as lean tissue mass (LTM) is associated with bone mass. Bone mass, FM, and LTM were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar Corp, Madison, WI). Bone mass was expressed as bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD; g/cm3) for the spine and femoral neck, and as BMD and bone mineral content (BMC; g) for the whole body. Regression techniques were used to examine the following: (1) in separate equations, the associations of LTM and FM with each bone mass parameter; and (2) in the same equation, the independent contributions of LTM and FM to bone mass. LTM and FM were positively correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites. When the contributions of FM and LTM were examined simultaneously, both FM and LTM continued to be positively associated with bone mass parameters but the effect of FM was noted to be smaller than that of LTM. We conclude that in young women, LTM has a greater effect than fat mass on bone density per kg of tissue mass.     

Relationship of upper body fat distribution to higher regional lean mass and bone mineral density

 We investigated the relationship of upper body fat distribution to regional bone mineral density (BMD). Subjects were 361 regularly menstruating premenopausal women with right-side dominance. Age, height, and weight were recorded. Regional (arms, L2–L4 of the lumbar spine, and legs) BMD, regional (arms, trunk, and legs) lean mass, and the ratio of trunk fat mass to leg fat mass amount (trunk–leg fat ratio) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body fat distribution was assessed by trunk–leg fat ratio. Trunk–leg fat ratio was positively correlated with regional BMD (r = 0.120–0.216; P < 0.05–P < 0.001) and regional lean mass (r = 0.162–0.229; P < 0.01–P < 0.001). Regional lean mass was more positively correlated with regional BMD (r = 0.319–0.475; P < 0.001). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age and height. However, correlation of trunk–leg fat ratio with regional BMD disappeared after additionally adjusting for regional lean mass. In premenopausal women, upper body fat distribution is associated with higher regional BMD via greater regional lean mass irrespective of age and height. Received: July 15, 2002 / Accepted: October 29, 2002 Offprint requests to: T. Douchi     

体重指数对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

为了进一步了解体重指数与绝经后妇女骨密度的关系。我们对单位体检及门诊就诊的绝经后妇女随机抽样１１３例，通过测量其身高、体重而换算出体重指数（ＢＭＩ），并对其行生化检查，排除继发性骨质疏松可能。然后测量其骨密度，用双能量骨密度仪（ＤＸＡ）测定１１３例，结果显示各组年龄无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而ＢＭＩ≤２０（ｋｇ／ｍ２）一组的骨密度明显比ＢＭＩ＞２０（ｋｇ／ｍ２）一组的骨密度低，（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＢＭＩ＞２０（ｋｇ／ｍ２）且≤２５（ｋｇ／ｍ２）一组的骨密度与ＢＭＩ＞２５（ｋｇ／ｍ２）一组骨密度无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。体重指数与骨密度值之间呈正相关，ｒ＝０．７４６。体重指数≤２０（ｋｇ／ｍ２）一组的骨密度的均值显著低于峰值骨密度，且用ＤＸＡ法测量的均值在骨折阈范围内，提示我们尤其对ＢＭＩ≤２０（ｋｇ／ｍ２）的患者采取适当措施以防止骨质疏松骨折的发生。     

痩组织和脂肪的影响因素及其对骨密度和骨强度的影响

瘦组织和脂肪是两个重要的体成分,受饮食、运动、增龄、性别、种族、激素、疾病以及药物等多种因素的影响.瘦组织和脂肪对骨密度和骨强度的影响不同.研究结果存在不一致性,但多数研究表明瘦组织量可能是BMD和骨强度的重要决定因素,脂肪量过多将对骨骼产生不利影响.目前,瘦组织和脂肪对骨密度和骨强度的影响及机制并未被完全阐明.     

The association between fat and lean mass and bone mineral density: the Healthy Twin Study

The potential beneficial effects of increased body weight on bone mineral density (BMD) conflict with the adverse effects of obesity on various health outcomes, necessitating more specific evaluations of the association between each body component and BMD. In the present study, we evaluated associations of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) with BMD in a Korean sample consisting of a total of 1782 men and women whose mean (standard deviation) age was 43.2 (12.6) years. They were selected from the Healthy Twin Study, a nationwide Korean twin and family study. BMD, FM and LM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quantitative genetic analysis and linear mixed analysis were performed with respect to familial relationships and a wide range of probable covariates. Linear mixed analysis revealed that BMD was positively associated with both FM and LM at each region of BMD measurement (whole body, spine, arms, and legs) in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. However, the association with BMD was stronger for LM than FM. Both LM and FM had positive genetic correlations with BMD at each region, although the correlation with BMD tended to be stronger for LM than FM. Together, these findings suggest that increased LM, rather than FM, is more beneficial for BMD in the Korean population and warrants further study of the common genetic determinants of BMD and body composition.     

Relationship between body composition and bone mineral density in women with and without osteoporosis: relative contribution of lean and fat mass

To assess the relationship of total fat mass (TFM) and total lean mass (TLM) with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), we studied 770 postmenopausal white women after total body measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height-independent bone mineral density (HIBMD) was also tested. The effects of TFM and TLM on the dependent variables HIBMD, BMD, and BMC were assessed by the univariate general linear model (UGLM). Age, age at menopause, height, and bone area were entered in the models as controlling variables when appropriate. In the total population, TLM and TFM were associated with BMD, BMC, and HIBMD (P < 0.001). Taking the T-score cut-off as −2.5, women without (463) and with (307) osteoporosis were then tested separately. In nonosteoporotic women, TLM was significantly associated with BMD, BMC, and HIBMD (P < 0.001), while TFM was not. In osteoporotic women, both TLM and TFM were associated with BMD to the same extent (P < 0.05), but not with HIBMD. Women without osteoporosis were then tested according to whether their TFM/TLM fraction was less than or greater than 1. In those with TFM/TLM less than 1, both TLM (P < 0.001) and TFM (P < 0.01), tested separately, were associated with BMD and BMC, but not with HIBMD. When TLM and TFM were tested at the same time and assessed by the same UGLM, only TLM (P < 0.001) still affected these three bone parameters. In women with TFM/TLM greater than 1, testing the body components both separately and at the same time and using the UGLM showed that TFM affected both BMC and BMD (P < 0.05), while TLM did not. In conclusion, our data indicate that both TFM and TLM affect bone density, with different physiological/pathological conditions modulating this relationship.     

Effects of lean and fat mass on bone mineral density and arterial stiffness in elderly men

Summary  The role of body composition on arterial stiffness and osteoporosis remains unclear, especially in the elderly male population. Our results indicate that elderly men with high lean mass and low fat mass exhibit the best arterial and bone profile with the lowest arterial stiffness and the highest bone mineral density. Introduction  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fat and lean mass on both arterial stiffness and bone mass density (BMD) in elderly men. Methods  This study was performed in 169 French males over 60 years old. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid/femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). BMD and body composition were determined with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device in the lumbar spine L1–L4, femoral neck, and total body. Results  Lean mass was positively correlated with the three T scores accounting for 11.6%, 26.6%, and 12.2% of the variability in the lumbar spine L1–L4, femoral neck, and total body BMD T scores, respectively. Fat mass had no effect on BMD. However, fat mass was positively correlated with aortic PWV, accounting for 9.8% of its variability. Lean mass was not a determinant of PWV. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were associated with higher PWV but had no effect on BMD. Conclusions  In males from a general population over 60 years of age, bone and arterial aging are differently influenced by lean and fat mass. Our results indicate that elderly men with high lean mass and low fat mass exhibit the best arterial and bone profile with the lowest arterial stiffness and the highest BMD.     

绝经后妇女椎体骨折与骨密度的对照研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与骨密度的关系。方法随机选择椎体骨折的绝经后妇女120例为骨折组，无椎体骨折的120例绝经后妇女为对照组。两组的年龄、身高、体重等差异无显著性，均行胸腰椎正侧位X线摄片。用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）测量腰椎（L2-4）前后位及髋部骨密度（BMD）和T值。结果骨折组腰椎及髋部BMD和T值均低于对照组（P≤0．05）。结论腰椎BMD降低与绝经后妇女的骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关，髋部骨密度值的降低在一定程度上也能提示骨折的危险性。绝经后骨质疏松妇女应重视BMD变化，预防椎体骨折的发生。     

肌肉强度和肌肉质量与绝经后女性骨密度的相关性研究

目的探索绝经后女性肌肉强度和肌肉质量与骨密度相关性。方法分析了2014年3月至2017年8月在我院就诊的340名绝经后妇女。使用双能量X射线吸收测定法检测股骨颈和腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、全身骨密度和附肢骨骼肌肌肉量(appendicular skeletal muscle,ASM)。ASM指数(ASMI,kg/m~2)按照ASM(kg)除以高度的平方(m~2)计算。测量握力(kg)作为肌肉力量的指标。结果调整ASMI和年龄后(股骨颈标准化偏回归系数β=0. 105,腰椎=0. 116),握力强度与几个骨骼部位BMD呈显著性正相关(P0. 05)。股骨颈和腰椎骨密度的调整平均值显示出握力强度从最低到最高三分位数的显著增加趋势。本研究结果表明肌肉强度与绝经后妇女肌肉量的几个位点的BMD密切相关。无论肌肉大小如何,肌力强健的绝经后妇女都有健康的骨骼状态。结论绝经后女性骨密度和肌肉强度密切相关,与肌肉质量无明显相关性。     

身体成分对绝经后女性骨密度和骨骼肌量的影响

目的 基于双能X线骨密度仪测量的身体成分分析,探讨影响绝经后女性骨密度和骨骼肌量的共同因素,为绝经后骨质疏松和肌少症的协同防治提供思路。方法 纳入2015年1月至2020年10月在中山大学附属第一医院进行身体成分分析的171例绝经后女性,根据全身骨密度和相对骨骼肌肉指数(relative skeletal muscle index,RSMI)分为正常组(T值≥-1且RSMI＞5.45 kg/m2)、肌少组(T值≥-1且RSMI≤5.45 kg/m2)、骨量异常组(T值＜-1且RSMI＞5.45 kg/m2)和肌少/骨量异常组(T值＜-1且RSMI≤5.45 kg/m2)。采用单因素方差分析比较4组一般资料和身体成分差异,Pearson相关分析研究身体成分与骨密度和RSMI的相关性,多元线性回归分析探索影响骨密度和RSMI的共同因素。结果 4组在体脂率(percent body fat,PBF)、脂肪量(fat mass,FM)、脂肪指数(fat mass index,FMI)、瘦组织(lean mass,LM)、瘦组织指数(lean mass index,LMI)、骨矿盐含量(bone mineral content,BMC)、Android/Gynoid区域脂肪比率和休止代谢率(resting metabolic rate,RMR)的整体比较中差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。调整混杂因素后,PBF、FM、FMI与骨密度和RSMI呈不同程度负相关,LM、LMI、BMC、RMR与骨密度和RSMI呈正相关。多元线性回归显示高PBF、低LM和低BMC是骨密度和RSMI的共同危险因素。结论 绝经后女性骨密度与骨骼肌量变化密切相关,针对影响二者的共同危险因素采取干预措施可能有利于绝经后骨质疏松和肌少症的协同防治。     

Dietary habit and bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women

Summary  

Postmenopausal women were assessed to determine the association between dietary intake of various food groups and low bone mineral density. Among dietary factors, high consumption of protein-containing food and dairy products was associated with a reduced risk for low bone mineral density.     

Evaluation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Kuwait

Menopause is the major risk factor for the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in women. In this study, we determined the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Kuwait and compared it with that of other Middle East and west countries. Two thousand two hundred ninety-six postmenopausal women ranging in age from 40 to 87yr were included in the study and divided into 4 age groups by decade. We measured body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), BMD, and BMC. The mean age, height, and weight were 59.1+7.9yr, 154.7+6.5cm, and 77.3+14.9kg, respectively. The mean BMI and BMC were 32.4+6.6kg/m(2) and 0.9+0.14g/cm(2), respectively. The average T-scores for the hip and lumbar spine were -0.280+1.2 and -1.297+1.33, respectively. BMC significantly decreased with age from 0.95 to 0.81g/cm(2). Four hundred forty-four (19.3%) were found to have osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis significantly increased from 4.3% to 39.9% with age, which is lower than that reported for Saudi (40%) and Moroccan women (39.6%) and higher than that for US/European (31%) and Lebanese women (11%).     

人体瘦组织对骨密度的影响

目的探讨人体瘦组织对骨密度的影响。方法将160例进行DXA(Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry双能X线骨密度吸收仪)骨密度和身体成分分析的患者作为研究对象,根据瘦组织指数将女性和男性患者平分为高瘦组织指数组和低瘦组织指数组,比较二组的股骨颈、全髋和腰椎骨密度。结果 54例高瘦组织指数组女性瘦组织指数为16.9942±1.2634 kg/m~2,54例低瘦组织指数组女性瘦组织指数为14.2981±0.7956 kg/m~2;26例高瘦组织指数组男性瘦组织指数为19.5200±1.0863 kg/m~2,26例低瘦组织指数组男性瘦组织指数为16.0654±1.4077 kg/m~2。男女高瘦组织指数组的股骨颈、全髋和腰椎骨密度均显著高于低瘦组织指数组(P0.05)。结论高瘦组织指数女性和男性患者均具有较高的股骨颈、全髋和腰椎骨密度。