内蒙古通辽市鼠类弓形虫感染血清学调查分析

弓形虫病是一种人兽共患的动物源性疾病。人体对弓形虫有一定的先天免疫力 ,故感染后不一定出现急性症状 ,多呈现长期隐性感染。但是 ,在免疫抑制或免疫缺陷的病人可出现严重的临床症状 ,是导致病人死亡的原因之一。弓形虫除了经口感染引起获得性弓形虫病外 ,还可通过胎盘传播     

弓形虫感染与慢性疾病的关系

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种专性细胞内寄生的原虫,感染人及其他动物,引起人畜共患病。弓形虫病呈世界性分布,人类感染后多为隐性,但在免疫低下或免疫缺陷患者〔如恶性肿瘤、免疫获得性缺陷综合征(AIDS)、器官移植、使用免疫抑制剂等〕可引起严重的损害,孕期感染弓形虫可引起流     

固相血凝法检测弓形虫抗体

固相血凝法检测弓形虫抗体张阳根，黄邱朝，武建国弓形虫是一种细胞内寄生虫，人受感染后可出现各种临床表现及病变。对人类危害性最大的是先天性弓形虫病，可引起多种先天畸形、智力发育缺陷、视力障碍。孕妇感染则可致早产、流产、死胎等。有人建议早孕妇女应常规检测血...     

弓形虫疫苗的研究进展

弓形虫于１９０８年由Ｎｉｃｏｌｌｅ和Ｍａｎｃｅａｕｘ发现［１］,是一种世界性分布的寄生原虫,能引起人兽共患的弓形虫病。该病的人群感染率极为普遍,估计全世界至少有１／３的人感染弓形虫,成年人大多为隐性感染,弓形虫是一种重要的条件致病病原体,在某些情况下可引起广泛的临床症状,如弓形虫性脑炎、弓形虫性视网膜脉络膜炎、弓形虫性腹膜炎等,严重者可导致死亡。孕妇感染弓形虫后,虫体可穿越胎盘屏障传入胎儿,影响其发育,严重者导致畸胎、死胎,存活者也常有畸形及智力发育不全等严重后遗症,同时,可使孕妇出现流产、早产…     

猪弓形虫病诊断与药物治疗研究进展

弓形虫病是由刚地弓形虫引起的一种人兽共患病,广泛地分布于世界各地。它感染的中间宿主有草食动物、猪、灵长类、其它哺乳动物和鸟类等。在家畜中,我国以猪的感染较多,猪也是我国人群流行弓形虫病的重要传染源之一。20世纪70-80年代,弓形虫病曾在我国养猪场中大规模暴发流行,死亡率可高达60％以上,给养猪生产造成巨大经济损失。弓形虫感染人可以引起流产或先天性的疾病,导致婴幼儿发育畸形、智力障碍、脑炎及脑膜炎等。Mead等评估,美国每年大约有225000新病例,50％的病例是通过食物感染的。在美国猪肉已成为人感染弓形虫病的主要来源。为了寻求更敏感、特异和价廉的诊断方法及新的更好的治疗药物,本文对猪弓形虫病的诊断方法和药物治疗的研究进展加以综述。     

某高校新生弓形虫感染现状调查与分析

弓形虫是一种机会致病寄生虫,寄生于人和多种动物的有核细胞内,引起人兽共患弓形虫病。孕妇感染弓形虫,可致流产、早产、畸形等,是我国优生优育的一大隐患;成人弓形虫感染多呈隐性,仅表现为血清弓形虫特异性抗体增高,当免疫功能受损时,可转为急性弓形虫病,引起头痛、昏迷、视力突然下     

重组抗原用于弓形虫病免疫诊断研究进展

弓形虫是一种世界范围内寄生的原虫,全世界大约有1/3的人感染弓形虫[1].正常人感染弓形虫后无明显的临床症状,但对孕妇来说,弓形虫可以穿过胎盘屏障,引起流产、畸胎或死胎;尤其对AIDS患者,弓形虫性脑炎可能是致命的[2].除了感染人,弓形虫还可以感染家畜,引起羊和猪的流产[3].目前虽已建立了多种弓形虫病诊断试剂盒,但至今似还没有令人十分满意的弓形虫病诊断试剂盒,所以,研制高质量的血清检测试剂盒,对于弓形虫病的防治具有较为重要的意义.弓形虫病诊断方法大致可分为病原学检查、免疫学方法、分子生物学技术等3类.     

食源性弓形虫病的爆发

弓形虫引起的感染在人或动物中十分普遍。除免疫损害的成人及先天感染的儿童外,弓形虫引起的感染通常是无症状的。后天获得性弓形虫感染,主要通过进食受卵囊污染的食物或水和进食未煮熟的含有组织包囊的肉类等途径。本文报告两起由于进食未煮熟的猪肉引起眼部症状或淋巴结炎的弓形虫病爆发。     

弓形虫病的现代治疗

近年来,弓形虫病的治疗越来越引起人们的重视,这是因为:1器官移植和医源性免疫抑制日益增多以及艾滋病患者与日俱增,使弓形虫病,特别是弓形虫脑炎的发病数猛增;2随着诊断方法的改进,提高了诊断弓形虫病的正确性和检出率;3及时正确的治疗怀孕期间获得的弓形虫感染,可有效地防止胎儿的先天性弓形虫病;4洽疗小儿的先天性弓形虫病或弓形虫感染,以防止发生严重后果。     

弓形虫病免疫诊断用重组抗原及检测方法研究进展

弓形虫是一种寄生原虫,可感染人在内的所有温血动物,并会引发表现为多种症状的弓形虫病.弓形虫病的诊断方法有病原学、免疫学、分子生物学等方法.免疫学诊断是进行弓形虫感染检测的常用方法.该文就弓形虫感染的免疫诊断用重组抗原及检测方法的应用和研究进展作一综述.     

弓形虫弱毒疫苗的研究进展

弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生原虫,可感染包括人在内的几乎所有的温血动物,全球约有1/3的人口感染弓形虫病.宿主感染弓形虫后常呈隐性感染,但对于免疫力低下的人群,如艾滋病患者或者孕妇,可引起严重的临床症状甚至死亡.随着人类生活质量的不断提高,弓形虫给人类健康、畜牧业发展和公共卫生安全带来的隐患与日俱增.目前,尚无针对弓形虫...     

Toxoplasma gondii pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis is a rarely recognized opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. A few case reports have described pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in association with Toxoplasma gondii central nervous system disease. We encountered six cases of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who presented with a protracted febrile illness, respiratory symptoms, and an abnormal chest roentgenogram in the absence of neurologic findings. No clinical or roentgenographic features distinguished T gondii pneumonitis from more common opportunistic pulmonary infections. As the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic progresses, the presenting illnesses have evolved. Toxoplasma gondii must be considered a potential cause of pulmonary disease during the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with respiratory symptoms.     

γ-干扰素和白介素抗弓形虫感染研究进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种专性有核细胞内寄生虫,可以感染包括人类在内的几乎所有温血动物,能引起严重的人兽共患弓形虫病。宿主体内γ-干扰素和白介素的水平影响弓形虫的垂直传播并决定弓形虫病的发生与转归,γ-干扰素和白介素在宿主抗弓形虫感染中有着重要的作用。本文对γ-干扰素和白介素抗弓形虫感染研究进展进行了综述。     

Efficacy of azithromycin in a murine toxoplasmosis model,employing a Toxoplasma gondii strain from Turkey

A murine toxoplasmosis model with Balb/C mice was used to investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin in a native strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Initially, seven groups--four studies and three controls--were established and 10(3) tachyzoites of this native strain of T. gondii were injected intraperitoneally to the mice in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7. Azithromycin was given to groups 1-4 at different times of infection orally between 100 and 300 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Azithromycin was found to be effective at 200 mg/kg/day and above in the prophylaxis, at 250 mg/kg/day and above in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. These results suggest that azithromycin is effective in the prophylaxis and early infection of a highly virulent strain of T. gondii, and it doubled the survival time in the late infection. Azithromycin could be an alternative treatment regimen for human toxoplasmosis, if supported by further clinical investigations.     

Genotype of 86 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with human congenital toxoplasmosis,and correlation with clinical findings

To study the influence of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes on the severity of human congenital toxoplasmosis (asymptomatic, benign, or severe infection or newborn or fetal death), 8 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 86 T. gondii isolates collected from patients with congenital toxoplasmosis. Seventy-four different genotypes were detected, some identical genotypes originating probably from the same source of contamination. The 3 less polymorphic microsatellite markers associated with 6 isoenzymatic markers allowed a classification of isolates into the 3 classical types and detected atypical genotypes. Whatever the clinical findings, type II isolates were largely predominant (84.88% in the whole collection and 96.49% in 57 consecutive cases). Type I and atypical isolates were not found in asymptomatic or benign congenital toxoplasmosis. However, in 4 cases in which children were not infected despite isolation of T. gondii from placenta, only type I isolates were found.     

Fatal outbreak of human toxoplasmosis along the Maroni River: epidemiological, clinical, and parasitological aspects.

BACKGROUND: Well-documented outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis infection are infrequently reported. Here, we describe a community outbreak of multivisceral toxoplasmosis that occurred in Patam, a Surinamese village near the French Guianan border. METHODS: From the end of December 2003 through the middle of January 2004, 5 adult patients in Patam, including 2 pregnant women, were initially hospitalized for multivisceral toxoplasmosis. A French-Surinamese epidemiological investigation was conducted in the village; inquiries and clinical examinations were performed, and blood and environmental samples were obtained. For all serologically confirmed cases of toxoplasmosis, molecular analysis and mouse inoculations were performed for diagnosis and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii. RESULTS: The hospitalized patients, who did not have any immunodeficiencies, presented with an infectious disease with multivisceral involvement. Serological examination confirmed acute toxoplasmosis. One adult died, and a neonate and a fetus with congenital toxoplasmosis also died. During the investigation, 4 additional acute cases of toxoplasmosis were diagnosed among the 33 villagers. Only 3 inhabitants had serological evidence of previous T. gondii infection. In total, we reported 11 cases of toxoplasmosis: 8 multivisceral cases in immunocompetent adults, resulting in 1 death; 2 cases of lethal congenital toxoplasmosis in a neonate and a fetus; and 1 symptomatic case in a child. Molecular analysis demonstrated that identical isolates of only 1 atypical strain were responsible for at least 5 of the 11 cases of toxoplasmosis in the outbreak. No epidemiological sources could be linked to this severe community-wide outbreak of toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION: This report is in agreement with the particular features of toxoplasmosis involving atypical strains that were recently described in French Guiana.     

弓形虫主要抗原及核酸疫苗研究进展

弓形虫分布广泛,且人畜感染弓形虫会带来很严重的后果,所以弓形虫病的防治一直困扰着各国学者。近年来,随着对弓形虫研究的深入以及分子生物学的发展,弓形虫核酸疫苗的研究也取得了较大的进展。本文综述了弓形虫主要抗原以及弓形虫核酸疫苗的研究现状,探索弓形虫疫苗的发展前景,并对核酸疫苗的优缺点进行讨论。     

Transmission of toxoplasmosis in two renal allograft recipients receiving an organ from the same donor.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite. After acute infection it continues to exist as cysts in the muscles and brain. Recipients of organ allografts are susceptible to the disease as a result of reactivation of quiescent infection either by transmission from the organ donor or by consumption of undercooked meat. We describe 2 cases of fatal toxoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients who received their organs from the same cadaveric donor. Both recipients died 5 weeks after renal transplantation, within days of each other. Multiorgan involvement with toxoplasmosis was demonstrated at autopsy. No evidence of the parasite was found in the transplanted kidney, either at the time of insertion or at autopsy. Neither recipient had serologic evidence of previous exposure to T. gondii. The donor had positive IgG but indeterminate IgM antibodies suggesting acute infection at the time of death; there was no clinical suspicion that the donor died from acute toxoplasmosis. We conclude that toxoplasmosis was transmitted by the donor kidneys. In an attempt to minimize the possibility of future transmission, donors are now tested for anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies and recipients are treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the first 6 months after renal transplantation.     

弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白的生物学功能及免疫原性研究的新进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)可引起严重的人兽共患弓形虫病,给全世界经济造成巨大的损失,给公共卫生安全带来巨大的隐患。致密颗粒(dense granule)分泌的致密颗粒蛋白(dense granule proteins, GRAs)参与调节纳虫泡(parasitophorous vacuole, PV)及纳虫泡膜(parasitophorous vacuole membrane, PVM) 的形成并能维持其结构稳定性,部分GRAs可参与宿主细胞的转录。近几年来,不断发现了多种新的GRA蛋白家族新成员,并随着对该家族成员研究的逐步深入,发现GRAs是研制抗弓形虫疫苗的候选分子之一。本文综述了弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白的生物学功能和免疫原性研究的新进展,旨在为研究弓形虫致病机理和研发新的抗弓形虫疫苗提供思路。     

Sensitive and specific detection of toxoplasma DNA in an experimental murine model: use of Toxoplasma gondii-specific cDNA and the polymerase chain reaction

Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite of mammals and birds, is well recognized as a cause of encephalitis in AIDS patients and as a cause of congenital infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and toxoplasma cDNA clones were used to diagnose T. gondii infection in an acute murine model of toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis of tissue infection by Southern blot hybridization with cDNA clones of T. gondii was possible within 5 days of infection. This technique could detect as few as 10,000 organisms. Specific T. gondii gene amplification by PCR using the primers 5'CACACGGTTGTATGTCGGTTTCGCT3' and 5'TCAAGGAGCTCAATGTTACAGCCT3' followed by oligonucleotide hybridization using 5'GCGGTCATTCTCACACCGACGGAGAACCACTTCACTCTCA3' allowed detection of T. gondii in the tissue of mice by day 2 after infection and in the blood of mice by day 5 after infection with RH strain T. gondii. This technique could detect as few as 10 organisms. Thus, these techniques may be useful in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.