益生菌联合早期肠内营养支持对于胃癌病人术后康复的影响

目的:研究益生菌联合早期肠内营养支持治疗对于胃癌病人术后康复过程的影响.方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年2月于无锡市第二人民医院接受胃癌根治术的病人共80例,分为对照组(n=40)和研究组(n=40).对照组予以单纯早期肠内营养支持,研究组予以益生菌联合早期肠内营养支持,观察比较两组病人术后营养与炎症指标、肠道菌群、肠道功能恢复情况之间的差异.结果:经过营养治疗后,研究组与对照组病人血清营养指标总蛋白、前白蛋白与白蛋白水平之间无明显差异(P＞0.05),但是研究组血清炎症反应指标C反应蛋白(t=3.924,P＜0.001)、白细胞介素6(t=5.269,P＜ 0.001)与肿瘤坏死因子α(t=3.251,P=0.002)水平均显著低于对照组;研究组营养治疗后肠道内双歧杆菌(t=4.048,P＜0.001)、乳酸杆菌(t=2.362,P=0.021)与肠球菌(t=2.412,P=0.018)水平均显著高于对照组.此外,研究组术后首次排气时间(t=5.589,P＜0.001),首次排便时间(=3.851,P＜ 0.001),恢复经口饮食时间(t=4.717,P＜0.001)均显著短于对照组.结论:益生菌联合早期肠内营养支持能够改善肠道菌群失衡,减轻术后炎症反应,同时促进肠道功能的恢复,有利于胃癌病人的术后康复.     

双歧杆菌强化的肠内营养支持在胃癌术后早期的应用

目的:研究双歧杆菌强化的肠内营养在胃癌术后的早期应用. 方法:选择60例进展期胃癌病人,随机分为两组,即强化肠内营养组和对照组,每组各30例.强化肠内营养组于手术后第1天开始应用能全力加双歧杆菌活菌制剂,共7天;对照组单用能全力.两组病人分别于手术前1天和手术后第7天测定粪便中分泌型IgA,并比较两组感染并发症的发生率. 结果:术后第7天,强化肠内营养组粪便中分泌型IgA量较对照组明显升高,感染等并发症下降,差异有显著意义性意义(P <0.05) . 结论:胃癌术后早期应用双歧杆菌强化的肠内营养可改善肠黏膜屏障功能,减少感染性并发症的发生率.     

添加合生元的早期肠内营养对重度颅脑损伤病人CRP和PCT的影响

目的:探讨添加合生元的早期肠内营养(EEN)对重型颅脑损伤病人血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)的影响,并观察病人预后和并发症情况。方法:选取重型颅脑损伤病人47例,按随机数字表分为对照组(EEN,n=23)和研究组(EEN+合生元制剂,n=24)。对照组病人于伤后24~48 h内采用EN制剂开始营养支持;研究组在对照组的基础上,添加了合生元制剂。病人于EN开始后第1、4、7、15天抽血检测CRP和PCT的变化。同时观察病人感染发生情况,比较入住ICU天数、平均住院费用、GCS评分、APACHEⅡ评分和30 d病死率等。结果:研究组病人营养治疗后第15天CRP显著低于对照组(P0.01);PCT于第7、15天时均显著低于对照组(P0.05);总体感染与肺部感染的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组在营养第15天,GCS评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),入住ICU天数和住院费用均明显降低(P0.05)。但APACHEⅡ评分和30 d病死率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:添加合生元的营养支持能更好地降低重型颅脑损伤病人的炎性反应,缩短入住ICU天数,降低住院费用,改善病人的预后。     

早期肠内营养支持对高血压脑出血术后重症患者营养状态及氧化应激反应的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养支持在高血压脑出血术后重症患者中的应用效果。方法260例高血压脑出血术后重症患者随机分为两组,对照组给予常规肠外营养干预,观察组给予早期肠内营养支持,比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的Hb、ALB、PA、GSH-PX水平均高于对照组,LPO、MDA、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论早期肠内营养支持能够改善高血压脑出血术后重症患者的营养状态,减轻氧化应激反应及炎性反应。     

生长激素加早期肠内营养对高血压脑出血病人术后营养状况及并发症的影响

目的:探讨生长激素(GH)加早期肠内营养对高血压脑出血(HICH)病人术后营养状况及并发症的影响.方法:将122例高血压脑出血术后病人随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组61例.治疗组术后第2天开始肠内营养(EN)支持,同时每天联合应用GH,连用1周.对照组术后第2天开始胃肠外营养(TPN)支持.测定手术当天、术后第2天(营养支持第1天)和第3、7、14、21天的多项营养指标,并观察两组的临床疗效和并发症.结果:治疗组血清前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、清蛋白和氮平衡均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组肺部感染、应激性溃疡和电解质紊乱发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05～0.01);治疗组平均入住ICU时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组第21天GCS评分＞8分的病人百分率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:生长激素联合早期肠内营养不仅可迅速改善高血压脑出血术后病人的营养状况、减少并发症,而且可缩短入住ICU时间,提高临床疗效.     

早期肠内营养对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群与感染的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养(enteral nutrition,EN)对重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)患者肠道菌群及后期感染的影响。方法连续性纳入自2015年2月-2017年12月医院收治的SAP患者85例,随机分为研究组(n=42)及对照组(n=43)。研究组给予早期EN支持治疗,对照组给予全肠外营养(total parenteral nutrition,TPN)支持治疗,比较两组患者的营养状态、肠道黏膜损伤程度,肠道菌群以及预后的差异。结果入院第14天,研究组血清白蛋白(34.87±5.32)g/L高于对照组(32.18±5.09)g/L,入院第7天及第14天,研究组血清前白蛋白高于对照组(P<0.05);入院第7天起,研究组血清内毒素、D-乳酸以及DAO均低于对照组(P<0.05);入院第7天起,研究组双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌高于对照组(P<0.05);至第14天,研究组产气荚膜梭菌、肠杆菌及肠球菌低于对照组,拟杆菌高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组IPN、ARDS及脓毒症发生情况低于对照组,研究组ICU天数及住院天数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论早期EN可以有效改善SAP患者营养状态,降低肠道黏膜损伤程度,调节肠道菌群失衡,减少IPN发生率,改善预后。     

肠道微生态制剂在结直肠术后病人中的应用

目的:对结直肠手术后病人应用肠道微生态制剂治疗的效果进行评价. 方法:前瞻性、单盲、随机、对照临床试验.将32例结直肠中等以上手术的病人,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各16例.试验组病人于术后第3天给予肠内营养 双歧杆菌/嗜酸性乳杆菌/粪链球菌(菌品名:金双歧),每天2次,每次4片,直至出院.对照组只给予肠内营养支持.观察病人术前及术后4～8 d的胃肠道症状、生命体征、粪便性状及量和菌群比例等. 结果:①胃肠道症状:两组病人术后恶心、呕吐、肠鸣音恢复等差异均无显著性意义(P＞0.05),总腹胀天数、总腹痛天数在两组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).②腹泻及腹泻评分:两组病人在术后第6天腹泻例数差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),总腹泻天数、总腹泻人数两组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).两组病人腹泻评分在术后第6天有显著性意义.③菌群比例:试验组病人菌群比例(杆菌/球菌)术后3次均比对照组高,术后第2次监测,两组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论:在结直肠术后病人中,应用肠道微生态制剂可改善病人胃肠道症状、减轻腹泻严重程度和纠正肠道菌群失调.     

添加双歧杆菌的肠内营养对重症脑卒中病人肠道菌群的影响

目的:探讨肠内营养(EN)添加双歧杆菌辅助治疗对重症脑卒中病人肠道菌群的影响. 方法:选择入住我科的重症脑卒中病人124例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各62例.对照组给予常规EN治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用双歧杆菌治疗,两组治疗观察14 d. 结果:治疗后,治疗组病人肠道有益菌群(乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌等)数量明显高于对照组,而肠道致病菌群(大肠杆菌、肠球菌和小梭菌等)数量明显少于对照组(P＜0.05). 结论:EN液中添加双歧杆菌辅助治疗重症脑卒中病人能有效地调节肠道菌群失调,促进病人康复.     

围手术期应用肠内营养及抗生素对食管癌患者术后肠道菌群的影响

目的 通过测定食管癌术后患者部分肠道菌群的数量,反映不同抗生素及肠内、肠外营养应用方案对肠道菌群平衡的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将60例食管癌患者随机分成6组,每组患者在围手术期分别接受6种不同的抗生素及肠内外营养干预方案:抗生素应用3d+术前、术后肠内营养(B组);抗生素应用3d+术前肠外营养、术后肠内营养(C组);抗生素应用3d+术前、术后肠外营养(D组);抗生素应用7d+术前、术后肠内营养(E组);抗生素应用7d+术前肠外营养、术后肠内营养(F组);抗生素应用7d+术前、术后肠外营养(G组).采用光冈菌群测定法检测患者术后第1次粪便中拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠杆菌及肠球菌数量.以健康成年人作为对照组,比较各组菌群数量及双歧杆菌与肠杆菌比值(B/E值)的差异,并观察术后1个月内患者的并发症发生率.结果 B组双歧杆菌[(10.59±0.39)比(10.88±0.10) lg10n/ml,P=0.186]、乳酸杆菌[(8.59±0.31)比(8.72±0.22) lg10n/ml,P=0.534]、肠杆菌[(8.43±0.50)比(8.67 ±0.24) lg10n/ml,P=0.266]、肠球菌[(7.40±0.61)比(7.78±0.16) lg10n/ml,P=0.111]及B/E值[(1.2589±0.0644)比(1.2560±0.0330),P=0.825]与对照组的差异均无统计学意义.C、D、E、F、G组的拟杆菌[(11.08±0.48),P=0.139; (9.23±0.42),P=0.000; (10.80±0.26),P=0.004; (10.24±0.45),P=0.000;(8.05±0.53),P=0.000比(11.36±0.48) lg10n/ml]、双歧杆菌[(10.19±0.49),P=0.062; (9.00±0.52),P=0.000; (9.31±0.45),P=0.000; (8.47±0.56),P=0.000; (6.99±0.56),P=0.000比(10.59±0.39) lg10n/ml]、乳酸杆菌[(7.99±0.58),P=0.006; (6.84±0.47),P=0.000; (7.72±0.35),P=0.000; (6.93±0.43),P=0.000; (5.93±0.76),P=0.000比(8.59±0.31) lg10n/ml]、肠杆菌[(8.19 ±0.43),P=0.258;(7.93±0.60),P=0.020;(7.47±0.43),P=0.000; (6.90±0.42),P=0.000; (6.58±0.57),P=0.000比(8.43±0.50) lg10n/ml]、肠球菌[(6.90±0.54),P=0.037;(5.89±0.68),P=0.000;(6.20±0.52),P=0.000;(5.91±0.39),P=0.000;(5.14±0.58),P=0.000比(7.40±0.61) lg10n/ml]数量较B组均减少.D及G组B/E值较对照组显著降低(1.1433±0.1350,P=0.025; 1.0706±0.1413,P=0.000比1.2560±0.0330).各组肺部感染(x2=3.647,P=0.601)及吻合口瘘发生率(x2=5.000,P=0.416)的差异均无统计学意义.结论 术前3d及术后积极应用肠内营养有益于肠道微生态平衡;术后长时间应用抗生素易造成菌群失调.     

合生元联合谷氨酰胺对重症急性胰腺炎病人行早期肠内营养耐受性及营养状况的影响

目的：探讨合生元制剂联合谷氨酰胺对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人行早期肠内营养(EEN)肠道耐受性及营养状况的影响。方法：前瞻性选取2020年1月至2021年6月,联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院普通外科收治的78例SAP病人为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=39)与实验组(n=39)。入院24～48 h内置入鼻空肠管进行EEN治疗。对照组给予含谷氨酰胺的肠内营养混悬液,实验组在前者基础上给予合生元制剂（双歧杆菌三联活菌+蔗果低聚糖）。比较两组病人干预后的每日胃排空情况（胃残余量）,干预7 d后肠内营养喂养不耐受症状、营养指标[血清运铁蛋白(TF)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)]。结果：干预后,实验组每日胃排空情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。干预7 d后,实验组腹胀、腹痛、腹泻发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),而恶心、呕吐发生率与对照组比较无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。两组营养状况指标较干预前均有明显提升,且实验组干预后明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论：给予合生元制剂联合谷氨酰胺的肠内营养混悬液...     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Qualitative research with people with intellectual disability

Qualitative research methods are gaining popularity in disability research, in particular as a way to explore the personal experience of disability. However, using these methods can be problematic with people traditionally regarded as vulnerable in the research relationship. People with intellectual disability are often so regarded. This paper discusses ethical concerns and issues of research credibility in qualitative research with this group of disabled people. An ethnographic study about the parenting experience of parents with intellectual disability is used to illustrate strategies to achieve credibility in qualitative studies in intellectual disability research.