不同发育阶段诸氏鲻虾虎鱼对水污染物的敏感性比较

目的 筛选诸氏鲻虾虎鱼适宜急性毒性试验的发育阶段.方法 以十二烷基硫酸钠为参比毒物,比较研究诸氏鲻虾虎鱼胚胎、早期仔鱼、中期仔鱼、晚期仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼对毒物的敏感性.结果 不同发育阶段诸氏鲻虾虎鱼对SDS的敏感性依次为:早期仔鱼＞胚胎＞中期仔鱼＞晚期仔鱼＞稚鱼＞幼鱼.结论 诸氏鲻虾虎鱼早期仔鱼在水污染物急性毒性评价方面具有显著的优势.     

诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的形态与生长特性分析

目的 研究室内人工繁育诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的形态与生长特性,为其开发应用积累生物学资料.方法 室内恒温(24℃～ 26℃)培育诸氏鲻虾虎鱼,采用SPSS软件分析其形态、生长特征参数.结果 雌雄诸氏鲻虾虎鱼体长/头长、头长/眼径、头长/尾柄长、头长/尾柄高4项比例性状差异显著;全长、体长、体质量与日龄的关系式分别为LT=5.2×10-7t3-0.0007t2+0.2583t+0.5666(R2=0.995)、LB=4.6×10- 7t3-0.0006t2+0.2239t+0.477(R2=0.993)、WB =-8.0×10-7t3-0.0002t2+1.7226t-63.732(R2=0.997);体长与体质量的关系式为W=0.0136LB3.1103(R2=0.977); Bertalanffy模型也可较好拟合诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的全长、体质量与日龄关系,拟合曲线分别为:LT=37.5×(1-0.6e-0012t)3;WT=775.7×(1-1.68e-008t)3;诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的肥满度随个体生长而逐渐升高;雄鱼生长较快.结论 诸氏鲻虾虎鱼全长、体长和体质量的日增长率呈下降趋势;全长、体长的日均增长量在仔、稚鱼期逐渐增加,其后增速减慢;体质量的日均增长量从幼鱼期至成鱼期逐渐增加,250日龄后则呈下降趋势;个体生长差异较小.     

非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对虾虎鱼仔鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

目的检测非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对鱼类的生态毒性效应。方法在水温(25±1)℃、溶氧(6.07～6.77)mg/L、盐度30～31、pH8.0～8.2的条件下,采用半静水式生物毒性试验方法研究了非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对裸项栉虾虎鱼(Ctenogobius gymnauchen)仔鱼的急性毒性效应(非离子氨浓度梯度设置为0、0.413、0.735、1.309、2.329、4.147 mg/L,亚硝酸氮浓度梯度设置为0、3.0、4.14、5.713、7.884、10.88 g/L)。结果非离子氨和亚硝酸氮暴露后仔鱼出现呆滞、侧游、呼吸困难、体色变白、身体弯曲等中毒症状,且随着暴露浓度的升高与暴露时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加,存在明显的剂量效应关系和时间效应关系;非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对裸项栉虾虎鱼仔鱼96 hLC50分别为9.1 mg/L和12.405 g/L,其安全浓度分别为0.91 mg/L和1.2405 g/L。结论裸项栉虾虎鱼对非离子氨和亚硝酸氮具有较强的耐受力,非离子氨对裸项栉虾虎鱼仔鱼的毒性显著大于亚硝酸氮。     

四种水生动物对GM-2消油剂的急性毒性反应

目的 比较研究4种处于生长发育早期的水生动物对GM-2消油剂的急性毒性反应.方法 采用静水式方法,进行GM-2消油剂对蒙古裸腹溞（Moina monggollica） I龄幼体、裸项栉虾虎鱼（Ctenogobius gymnauchen）仔鱼、卤虫（Artemia）幼体、凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）仔虾的急性毒性试验,测定24 h半致死浓度（24 hLC50）.结果 4种水生动物的24 hLC50分别为53.08,228.98,4132.79和9404.08 mg/L.结论 1）消油剂对4种水生动物的毒性存在种间差异,敏感性顺序由大到小为蒙古裸腹溞、裸项栉虾虎鱼、卤虫、凡纳滨对虾;2）该消油剂对蒙古裸腹搔I龄幼体和裸项栉虾虎鱼仔鱼的毒性很强,低于国家标准的规定.     

诸氏鲻虾虎鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

目的探讨诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的营养需要、科学配制其饲料。方法用常规方法测定诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养成分。结果诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的含肉率为（65.20±3.82）%,肌肉（鲜样）中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为（79.40±0.03）%、（17.54±0.31）%、（0.62±0.09）%和（2.34±0.07）%,限制性氨基酸为色氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸,二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸甲酯（DHA）含量较低。结论诸氏鲻虾虎鱼饲料应低脂,适当添加色氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸等必需氨基酸及硅藻、红藻或褐藻等成分。     

水基钻井液对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼抗氧化酶的影响

目的研究我国南海区某海洋钻井水基钻井液对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼抗氧化酶的影响。方法在19.75~158 mg/L浓度下,对3月龄诸氏鲻虾虎鱼染毒,并用试剂盒法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果 SOD对水基钻井液的毒性暴露不太敏感,在染毒第1天只有最低浓度组受到一定程度的抑制,染毒第2天各浓度组酶活性均受到一定程度的诱导(12.4%~25.5%),这种诱导作用在第4天即有所减弱,之后酶活性的变化变缓。CAT则对水基钻井液表现出较强的敏感性。染毒第1天,各组酶活性均受到明显的诱导,并且各组酶活性表现出明显的浓度效应关系。最高浓度组酶活性最大诱导率达到97%(P0.05)。随后虾虎鱼CAT酶活性逐渐下降,第7天,各染毒组酶活性的抑制率达到58.4%~89.1%。结论 CAT在中毒反应中表现出了敏感性,具备了作为生物标志物的重要条件,有望在今后的实际应用中发挥作用。     

水基钻井液对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼抗氧化酶的影响

目的 研究我国南海区某海洋钻井水基钻井液对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼抗氧化酶的影响。方法 在19.75～158 mg/L浓度下,对3月龄诸氏鲻虾虎鱼染毒,并用试剂盒法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。结果 SOD对水基钻井液的毒性暴露不太敏感,在染毒第1天只有最低浓度组受到一定程度的抑制,染毒第2 天各浓度组酶活性均受到一定程度的诱导（12.4%～25.5%）,这种诱导作用在第4天即有所减弱,之后酶活性的变化变缓。CAT则对水基钻井液表现出较强的敏感性。染毒第1 天,各组酶活性均受到明显的诱导,并且各组酶活性表现出明显的浓度效应关系。最高浓度组酶活性最大诱导率达到97%（P >0.05）。随后虾虎鱼CAT酶活性逐渐下降,第7 天,各染毒组酶活性的抑制率达到58.4%～89.1%。结论 CAT在中毒反应中表现出了敏感性,具备了作为生物标志物的重要条件,有望在今后的实际应用中发挥作用。     

卡维地洛对顺铂所致大鼠肾毒性预防作用的形态学研究

目的研究有机氯农药滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes,DDTs)对唐鱼的急性毒性,评价水环境中DDTs对鱼类的影响,为渔业部门制定水质标准提供参考。方法使用浸浴法以0.0125、0.025、0.045、0.08和0.14mg/L五个DDTs浓度为唐鱼染毒,计算其对仔鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度。结果DDTs对唐鱼仔鱼为剧毒物质,24、48h的LC50分别为0.243、0.049mg/L,其安全质量浓度为0.040mg/L。结论唐鱼对DDTs敏感,可以作为一种较理想的环境污染指示生物。     

不同饲料对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼生长和利用效果的影响

目的初步探讨过渡期诸氏鲻虾虎鱼的营养需求,为专用配合饲料的开发及相关标准的制定提供数据参考。方法分别采用卤虫无节幼体(Arternia nauplii,CK)和7种商业化配合饲料(P30L8,P35L8,P50L8,P55L8;P50L12,P53L12,P55L12)饲喂过渡期虾虎鱼幼鱼,8周生长实验以测定存活率(survival rate,SR)、增重率(weight gain,WG)、特定生长率(specific growth rate,SGR)和摄食率(feeding rate,FR)、饲料系数(feed conversion ratio,FCR)等生长指标,并测定不同营养水平下虾虎鱼全鱼(除去内脏)的基本组份。结果 SR饲料组SR(51.78±8.98~68.22±4.95)较对照组CK(58.22±6.51)均无显著差异(P0.05);WG除P30L8(130.76±23.67)、P50L12组(220.86±16.9)外,各实验组均优于对照组CK(206±41.91,P0.05),且饲料粗脂肪含量相同(8%,12%;能量值相差不大)时,WG随饲料粗蛋白含量的升高而上升;SGR在粗脂肪含量相同时SGR也随饲料粗蛋白含量的升高而上升;FR,FCR P50L8,P55L8;P50L12,P53L12,P55L12组均优于对照组CK(1.74±0.36),且饲料粗脂肪含量8%时随粗蛋白含量上升而下降。此外虾虎鱼鱼体基本组份均与饲料中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量关系不大(P0.05)。结论配合饲料饲替代生物饵料是可行的,且能取得较好的生长效果;饲料粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量对虾虎鱼鱼体基本组份影响不显著(P0.05);饲料粗蛋白50%,粗脂肪8%时,饲料利用率最好且过渡期虾虎鱼可获得较好的生长效果。     

裸项栉鰕虎鱼的全人工繁殖及其胚胎发育

目的 研究裸项栉鰕虎鱼全人工繁殖及胚胎发育,为该鱼的实验动物化研究奠定基础. 方法 对胚胎和仔稚幼鱼各个发育期的连续取样,系统地观察了裸项栉鰕虎鱼各发育期的形态变化及生长特征.结果 水温25.8℃～26.5 ℃,裸项栉鰕虎鱼受精后约82h仔鱼开始出膜,初孵仔鱼全长1.42～1.73 mm,1d开口摄食,3d卵黄囊消失,23d第一背鳍形成,鳞片出现;33d全身被鳞;初孵仔鱼经97d发育成熟,繁殖周期约为36 d;雌鱼性腺成熟系数可达40%,个体相对生殖力达每克8193.5粒.结论 裸项栉鰕虎鱼具有个体小、性成熟早、生殖季节长、繁殖周期短、繁殖力强等特点,可进行室内规模化人工繁殖和培育.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.