可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠糖代谢的影响

目的研究可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠糖代谢的影响。方法两批正常小鼠分为正常对照组、可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组(8·0g/kg)和高剂量组(16·0g/kg),连续灌胃21天,分别测定空腹血糖和糖耐量,同时进行糖异生实验;两批糖尿病小鼠分为动物模型组、可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组(8·0g/kg)和高剂量组(16·0g/kg),另取正常小鼠作为正常对照组,连续灌胃21天,分别测定空腹血糖和糖耐量。结果膳食纤维高、低剂量组糖尿病小鼠的血糖曲线下面积分别为32·83±2·73、33·73±2·42,与动物模型组糖尿病小鼠(37·94±3·86)相比,差异具有显著性(P<0·05);膳食纤维高剂量组糖尿病小鼠的糖异生作用(5·6%)明显低于正常小鼠的糖异生作用(13·9%)(P<0·01);膳食纤维高剂量组糖尿病小鼠的血糖(8·62±3·14)mmol/L明显低于动物模型组糖尿病小鼠的血糖(18·2±3·7)mmol/L(P<0·01);膳食纤维对正常小鼠的血糖水平及糖耐量无明显影响。结论可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对糖尿病小鼠具有一定的降血糖作用,同时增强其糖耐量。     

不同膳食纤维对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖血脂的影响

控制血糖，改善血浆脂质是预防糖尿病性心血管疾病的一项重要措施，我们研究用不同的膳食纤维（ＤＦ）对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂的影响，探索糖尿病在应用ＤＦ作为饮食治疗时，不同ＤＦ的治疗潜力，并了解食物中营养成分的相互作者单位：成都军区总医院（６１００８３）作用...     

2型糖尿病患者进食膳食纤维食品后2小时血糖变化的研究

目的　研究 2型糖尿病患者进食膳食纤维食品后 2h的血糖变化特点。方法　 (1)选取确诊 2型糖尿病患者分别测定他们的空腹血糖、进食膳食纤维早餐后 2h血糖和糖尿病早餐后 2h血糖 ;(2 )问卷调查试验对象对膳食纤维食品的评价 ,评价包括口感、饱腹感和总体感觉。结果　 (1) 2型糖尿病患者进食膳食纤维早餐后 2h血糖明显低于进食糖尿病早餐 2h后血糖 (F =4 .6 83,P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )绝大多数实验对象对膳食纤维食品的口感、饱腹感及总体感觉评价良好 (88.5 % )。结论　进食膳食纤维食品能降低 2型糖尿病患者的餐后血糖     

膳食纤维对糖尿病患者血糖血脂的影响

目的 观察膳食纤维对糖尿病患者血糖、血脂的影响.方法 对确诊为2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者60例分两组,即膳食纤维组30例,在糖尿病饮食的基础上增加膳食纤维,对照组30例给予一般糖尿病饮食,分别观察两组的治疗效果.结果 两组在治疗后FBG、2hBG、TG均有下降（P＜0.05）,但膳食纤维组在降低2hBG、TG上要优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 适当增加膳食纤维对糖尿病合并高脂血症的治疗有一定的帮助.     

复合膳食纤维对健康受试者血糖及血脂的影响

目的观察复合膳食纤维对健康受试者血脂及碳水化合物代谢的影响。方法将12名健康志愿者随机分为无纤维试餐组及高纤维试餐组,每组6人。采用双周期Cross-Over设计,按照代谢动力学方法采集受试者摄入试餐后不同时间点的血样,进行血糖和血甘油三酯的测定。受试者完成第1周期试验后,中间经过1周的洗脱期,两组受试者交叉,重复上述试验。结果高纤维试餐组的血糖峰值、达峰时间及餐后0～1小时曲线下面积均明显低于无纤维试餐组(P<0.05);两组间血糖的总曲线下面积差异无显著性。高纤维试餐组餐后血甘油三酯峰高和餐后2～4.5小时内血脂曲线下面积明显低于无纤维试餐组(P<0.05),两组的达峰时间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论本试验所用复合膳食纤维能够延迟膳食中碳水化合物的吸收并减少膳食中脂肪的吸收。     

胰岛素抵抗对血糖异常人群膳食干预效果的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素抵抗对血糖异常人群膳食十预效果的影响。方法从高脂血症人群社区综合干预项目中筛出血糖异常者194例作为研究对象，分为干预组（111例）和对照组（83例）。测定空腹血糖（FBG）和空腹胰岛素（FINS），计算胰岛素抵抗（IR）指数和胰岛素敏感性指数（IAI）值，分析IR和IAI与血糖、血脂及体检指标变化的关系。结果FBG、甘油三酯（TG）、腰围、腰臀比最低组与最高组之间，IR、IAI值差别有统计学意义。干预组中，胰岛素敏感性高的组干预后FBG、TG降低较明显。结论血糖、血脂、腰围及腰臀比与IR之间存在相关性，体重和体质指数与IR的相关性不显著。IR的程度与干预效果之间存在相关性。     

53例糖尿病患者膳食中膳食纤维的摄入量调查

目的调查糖尿患者总膳食纤维、可溶及不可溶性膳食纤维的摄入量,为糖尿患者膳食纤维营养状况的研究提供重要基础数据。方法通过不同实验室间的比对研究建立膳食纤维酶重量分析方法。采用称重法和食物计量图片法登记53例糖尿患者连续3d每餐的食物摄入种类和重量,利用酶重量法建立的食物中膳食纤维数据库计算膳食纤维摄入的数量和种类。结果3个实验室测定膳食纤维数据的相对标准偏差在2.63%~9.67%之间。调查对象蔬菜类食物摄入量最多,是膳食纤维的主要来源。调查对象总膳食纤维摄入量为(26.5±9.8)g/d,不可溶性膳食纤维摄入量为(14.6±5.8)g/d,可溶性膳食纤维摄入量为(10.4±4.4)g/d。结论本次调查对象的总膳食纤维日摄入量处于美国糖尿病协会推荐摄入量范围内。     

膳食模式对社区管理2型糖尿病患者血糖控制影响的研究

目的 了解膳食对社区管理2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖控制的影响，为实施针对糖尿病患者的防治策略和措施提供依据。方法 于2015年在常熟市和武汉市随机抽取8个社区，对进行社区管理的T2DM患者进行问卷调查、身体测量和血糖检测。研究采用因子分析获得膳食模式。并分别以FPG、餐后2 h血糖控制是否达标为因变量，进行非条件多因素logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 最终共纳入1 818名T2DM患者，患者FPG控制率为57.59%（95%CI：55.30%~59.86%），餐后2 h血糖控制率为24.90%（95%CI：22.93%~26.91%）；因子分析得到5种膳食模式：动物性食物模式、水果-水产-薯类模式、蔬菜-谷物模式、蛋-奶-豆模式和油盐模式。非条件多因素logistic回归分析显示，调整其他因素后，FPG达标概率降低与动物性食物模式（OR=0.71，95%CI：0.52~0.98）、水果-水产-薯类模式（OR=0.71，95%CI：0.51~0.97）相关，餐后2 h血糖达标概率降低与水果-水产-薯类模式（OR=0.60，95%CI：0.40~0.90）相关，FPG和餐后2 h血糖达标概率增加均与蔬菜-谷物模式（OR=1.41，95%CI：1.03~1.94；OR=1.68，95%CI：1.13~2.51）、蛋-奶-豆模式（OR=1.75，95%CI：1.25~2.46；OR=1.56，95%CI：1.00~2.42）有关。与蛋-奶-豆模式Q₄组相比，膳食模式组合（水果-水产-薯类模式Q₄组、蔬菜-谷物模式Q₂组、蛋-奶-豆模式Q₃组）FPG控制达标可能性更高（OR=6.79，95%CI：1.15~40.23，P=0.035）；与蔬菜-谷物模式Q₄组相比，膳食模式组合（水果-水产-薯类模式Q₄组、蔬菜-谷物模式Q₃组、蛋-奶-豆模式Q₂组、油盐模式Q₂组）餐后2 h血糖控制达标可能性更高（OR=12.78，95%CI：1.26~130.05，P=0.031）。结论 搭配得当的膳食模式及膳食模式组合更有利于武汉市和常熟市社区管理T2DM患者的FPG和餐后2 h血糖控制，应加强患者营养教育，提高患者食物搭配能力。     

高纤维营养膳食对糖尿病血、尿糖与脂代谢的影响

我们在研究合理控制糖尿病患者饮食的同时 ,加用高纤维营养膳食 ,在不增加病人总热量的情况下观察治疗效果。1　观察对象在门诊选择诊断明确符合 WHO糖尿病诊断标准的 2型糖尿病病人 5 4例为观察对象。采取不随机方法设试验组30例 ,对照组 2 4例。试验组 :男性 16例 ,年龄 36～     

膳食纤维对妊娠期糖尿病患者血液流变学指标的影响

目的 探索膳食纤维对妊娠期糖尿病患者血液流变学指标的影响及其机制.方法 纳入151例妊娠期糖尿病患者,随机分为78例膳食纤维组和73例正常饮食组,分别于治疗前和治疗12周后采集静脉血,检测血糖和血脂指标变化,以及血液流变学指标变化.结果 膳食纤维治疗后餐后30min血糖、餐后60min血糖、餐后120min血糖和餐后180min血糖、甘油三脂和低密度脂蛋白均较正常饮食组显著降低(t值分别2.236、3.324、2.127、2.163、2.325、3.216,均P<0.05).膳食纤维组患者治疗后比正常饮食组患者的200S-1、30S-1、5S-1和1S-1全血粘度,血浆粘度、血沉、红细胞压积、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血沉方程K值、全血低切相对粘度和纤维蛋白原等指标均显著降低(t值为2.329~8.235,均P<0.05).结论 膳食纤维降低了妊娠期糖尿病患者血液流变学指标,其机制可能是由于降低了妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖和血脂水平.     

Pinitol from soybeans reduces postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The effect of 3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol (D-pinitol), purified from soybean, on the postprandial blood glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was examined. Fifteen Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (seven men, eight women; 60.3 +/- 3.1 years old) ingested cooked white rice containing 50 g of available carbohydrate with or without prior ingestion of soy pinitol. Pinitol was given either as a 1.2 g dose at 0, 60, 120, or 180 minutes prior to rice ingestion, or as a 0.6 g dose at 60 minutes prior to rice ingestion. Capillary blood glucose levels were monitored for 4 hours after rice consumption. The ingestion of 1.2 g of pinitol 60 minutes prior to rice consumption controlled postprandial capillary blood glucose most effectively, significantly diminishing the postprandial increase in plasma glucose levels measured at 90 and 120 minutes after rice consumption (P < .05). The incremental area under the plasma glucose response curve for subjects who consumed both pinitol and rice was significantly lower than that for subjects who consumed only rice (P < .05), but pinitol had no apparent effect on postprandial insulin levels. Therefore, soybean-derived pinitol may be useful in controlling postprandial increases in blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Long-term effects of dietary fiber on glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients

Effects of long-term (2 months) supplementation of diet with 20 g of guar gum and 10 g of wheat bran on metabolic control was studied in 12 obese, poorly controlled noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. Addition of fiber reduced urinary excretion of glucose from 30.5 +/- 6 to 8.3 +/- 2 g/24 h, (p less than 0.025), fasting plasma glucose concentration from 301 +/- 24 to 184 +/- 15 mg/dl (p less than 0.025), and plasma cholesterol concentration from 277 +/- 24 to 193 +/- 9 mg/dl (p less than 0.025). No significant changes were observed in the patients weight and serum concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids, and insulin. Addition of fiber also delayed gastric emptying of liquids and solids. This effect became statistically significant 60 and 90 min after intake of a test meal for liquids and solids, respectively. We conclude that addition of guar and bran to the diet resulted in long-term improvement of metabolic control in these patients and that delayed gastric emptying may be one of the mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect.     

Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of patients with type 2 diabetes showed that cinnamon lowers fasting serum glucose, triacylglycerol, and LDL- and total cholesterol concentrations. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the effect of cinnamon on the rate of gastric emptying, the postprandial blood glucose response, and satiety in healthy subjects. DESIGN: The gastric emptying rate (GER) was measured by using standardized real-time ultrasonography. Fourteen healthy subjects were assessed by using a crossover trial. The subjects were examined after an 8-h fast if they had normal fasting blood glucose concentrations. GER was calculated as the percentage change in the antral cross-sectional area 15-90 min after ingestion of 300 g rice pudding (GER1) or 300 g rice pudding and 6 g cinnamon (GER2). RESULTS: The median value of GER1 was 37%, and that of GER2 was 34.5%. The addition of cinnamon to the rice pudding significantly delayed gastric emptying and lowered the postprandial glucose response (P < 0.05 for both). The reduction in the postprandial blood glucose concentration was much more noticeable and pronounced than was the lowering of the GER. The effect of cinnamon on satiety was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of 6 g cinnamon with rice pudding reduces postprandial blood glucose and delays gastric emptying without affecting satiety. Inclusion of cinnamon in the diet lowers the postprandial glucose response, a change that is at least partially explained by a delayed GER.     

Impact of treatment with oral calcitriol on glucose indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem. Recent epidemiological evidence also points to a potential association of vitamin D insufficiency with adverse metabolic risks, including that for type 2 diabetes. Subjects and method: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Seventy subjects with type 2 diabetes, age 30-75 years old, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to two groups. One group received two capsules of calcitriol (0.25 μg 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol per each capsule) per day. The second group received placebo tablets. At the beginning, middle and the end of the 12 week supplementation trial, serum glucose, insulin, calcium and phosphorous, HbA1c and 25(OH) vitamin D were measured. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups at baseline. At the end of the study, fasting plasma glucose increased in the control group (p=0.038), while it remained unchanged in calcitriol group. Level of insulin and HbA1c increased significantly in both groups (p=0.013 and 0.0004 in treatment and control group). Regarding insulin resistance indices, there was a significant change in HOMA-IR and QUICKI in both groups (p=0.023 and 0.002 in treatment and 0.001 and <0.001 in control group respectively). Insulin secretion as assessed by HOMA-%β, remained relatively unchanged in the control group, while it increased significantly in the treatment group at the end of study (p=0.009). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation attenuated the increase in glycemia, and increased insulin secretion, but had no effect on insulin resistance.     

Psyllium fiber reduces rise in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

The ability of psyllium fiber to reduce postprandial serum glucose and insulin concentrations was studied in 18 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients in a crossover design. Psyllium fiber or placebo was administered twice during each 15-h crossover phase, immediately before breakfast and dinner. No psyllium fiber or placebo was given at lunch, which allowed measurement of residual or second-meal effects. For meals eaten immediately after psyllium ingestion, maximum postprandial glucose elevation was reduced by 14% at breakfast and 20% at dinner relative to placebo. Postprandial serum insulin concentrations measured after breakfast were reduced by 12% relative to placebo. Second-meal effects after lunch showed a 31% reduction in postprandial glucose elevation relative to placebo. No significant differences in effects were noted between patients whose diabetes was controlled by diet alone and those whose diabetes was controlled by oral hypoglycemic drugs. Results indicate that psyllium as a meal supplement reduces proximate and second-meal postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.     

燕麦对老年2型糖尿病病人血糖、胰岛素和血脂的影响

目的:探讨燕麦对老年2型糖尿病病人血糖、胰岛素和血脂的影响. 方法:测定80例老年2型糖尿病病人开始食用燕麦治疗前的空腹血糖(FBG)和早餐后2 h血糖(PBG)、空腹胰岛素(F-INS)和早餐后2 h胰岛素(P-INS)、血脂(TG,TC)和食用燕麦50～100 g后第2、4、6和8周的FBG、PBG,第8周后的F-INS、P-INS、TG和TC.结果:食用燕麦治疗后,FBG、PBG、P-INS水平明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);而F-INS、TG、TC无明显变化. 结论:食用燕麦治疗可降低老年2型糖尿病病人的血糖和餐后胰岛素水平.     

2型糖尿病患者行为依从性及血糖控制达标现状调查

目的 调查2型糖尿病患者行为依从性及血糖控制达标现状,为2型糖尿病患者血糖控制及行为干预提供参考资料。方法 2020年10月至2021年12月以与某三甲医院合作的社区卫生服务中心登记在册的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,以调查问卷方式获取其基本资料及行为依从性情况,检测血生化指标评估血糖控制达标情况,分析2型糖尿病患者行为依从性对血糖达标的影响。结果 共纳入研究对象1 949例,有效研究对象1 872例,有效率96.05%。血糖控制达标1 021例,达标率54.54%。不同年龄、文化水平、病程、其他基础疾病的2型糖尿病患者血糖达标率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。遵医嘱用药、控制饮食种类、按时进餐、经常参加体育锻炼、戒烟、戒酒、保证睡眠时间、血糖监测依从性良好率分别为64.37%、52.67%、58.49%、49.79%、82.43%、78.69%、76.87%、48.13%。多因素Logistic回归分析提示年龄（OR=0.779）、文化水平（OR=2.257）、病程（OR=0.689）、其他基础疾病（OR=0.483）、遵医嘱用药（OR=3.543）、控制饮食种类（OR=2.675）、按时进餐（OR=1.988）、经常参加体育锻炼（OR=2.054）、戒酒（OR=2.208）、血糖监测（OR=1.960）是2型糖尿病患者血糖控制达标率的影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病患者行为依从性有待提升,尤其遵医嘱用药、控制饮食种类、按时进餐、经常参加体育锻炼、戒酒、血糖监测依从性与血糖控制达标率密相关,应加强针对性干预对策,提高患者行为依从性,控制2型糖尿病病情发展。     

不同步行强度对2型糖尿病患者餐后血糖的影响

目的比较不同步行强度对老年2型糖尿病患者餐后2 h血糖水平的影响,为优化2型糖尿病步行运动效果提供参考。方法将120例符合入组标准的2型糖尿病患者按随机数字表分为4组,4组均保持前期治疗方法不变,在早餐后1 h增加不同强度的户外快步行走,比较4组患者运动前后餐后2 h血糖水平。结果 4组患者运动后餐后2 h血糖均较运动前明显下降,其中Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组下降明显(P<0.01),Ⅳ组下降程度最大,但Ⅳ组大部分患者出现心慌、气短等反应;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组运动后耗氧量分别为(22±6)%、(31±7)%、(40±8)%、(44±7)%,以40%～45%最大耗氧量的较低运动强度为Ⅲ组。结论在早餐后1 h户外快步行走3000步,速度控制为1000步/10 min,能有效地调节和控制血糖水平,且患者耐受性良好,可作为2型糖尿病安全、有效的运动疗法。     

A small dose of soluble alginate-fiber affects postprandial glycemia and gastric emptying in humans with diabetes.

Seven men with well-controlled, noninsulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes ingested on two different mornings, in random order, meals with or without a 5.0-g sodium alginate supplement (algae-isolate, 75% soluble fiber). The meals contained similar amounts of digestible carbohydrates, fat and protein. The gastric emptying rate of the meal containing sodium alginate, measured by detection of 51Cr mixed into the meals, was significantly slower than that of the fiber-free meal. Sodium alginate also induced significantly lower postprandial rises in blood glucose, serum insulin and plasma C-peptide. The diminished glucose response after the addition of sodium alginate could be correlated to the delayed gastric emptying rate induced by the fiber (rs = 0.92, P less than 0.01).     

老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制达标情况及服药依从性研究

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)血糖控制达标情况及服药依从性对其的影响.方法 以2019年1-12月北京市朝阳区某医院就诊的≥60岁T2DM患者为研究对象,对其血糖达标情况进行调查,并对老年T2DM患者血糖控制的影响因素及服药依从性进行分析.结果 1 304例老年T2DM患者中男性621例,女性683例,年龄6...