MRI对子宫肉瘤的诊断价值研究

[目的]探讨子宫肉瘤的MRI表现,以提高对该疾病的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断水平。[方法]回顾性分析经手术病理证实的22例子宫肉瘤MRI资料,分析病灶部位、浸润深度、信号特点以及动态增强表现,DWI图信号表现,是否存在出血、坏死或囊变。[结果 ]肿瘤多呈不规则软组织肿块,多数位于宫体（90%）,浸润子宫肌层。病灶T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI表现为混杂高信号。所有病例肿瘤实质均可见动脉期明显强化,并呈持续强化特点。出血及坏死、囊变多见。7例（32%）强化幅度达到或超过子宫肌层,15例（68%）可见网格状强化。9例（40%）病例可见明显强化区内条索状低信号影,呈＂漩涡征＂。DWI呈明显高信号。[结论]子宫肉瘤MRI表现出一定特点,其T2WI信号及动脉增强方式对诊断具有一定意义,结合DWI有助于该疾病的术前诊断。     

原发性脑内恶性淋巴瘤CT、MR表现及其病理学基础

目的: 分析原发性脑内恶性淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理学基础,以提高其诊断准确率.方法: 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的原发性脑内恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理及其CT、MRI表现.结果: 12例患者中有5例单发,7例多发共31个病灶,分别位于额叶、颞叶、顶叶深部脑白质、胼胝体、基底节.病灶多为圆形或类圆形,边界较清楚,瘤周水肿及占位效应轻.CT表现为等或稍高密度实质性肿块,无出血及钙化;MRI表现为T1WI呈略低或等信号、T2WI呈等或稍高信号,DWI多为稍高或高信号,增强后病灶均呈明显均匀强化.病理上肿瘤细胞弥漫分布,瘤细胞大小较一致,细胞核大,细胞质少,染色质颗粒粗,可见瘤细胞嗣绕血管呈袖套样浸润,未见明显出血、坏死及钙化,病理结果均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤.结论: 原发性脑内恶性淋巴瘤的病理基础决定其CT、MRI的增强形态、占位程度以及肿瘤发生部位具有一定特征,认真分析其影像表现,在多数情况下可以作出术前正确诊断.     

原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT表现特点分析

目的探讨原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT检查特点及应用。方法对收治的13例经病理证实的原发性脑淋巴瘤患者的MRI和CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 13例原发性脑淋巴瘤患者中,9例单发,4例多发,共有病灶21个。CT平扫多表现为等或稍高密度,而MRI平扫时T1WI表现为等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号。结论原发性脑淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征,对CT和MRI影像资料进行综合分析,有利于原发性脑淋巴瘤的早期诊断。     

侧脑室脑膜瘤的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断(附7例病例报告)

目的 探讨侧脑室脑膜瘤MRI表现及其与其它侧脑室内肿瘤的鉴别诊断。方法 对经手术病理证实的7例侧脑室脑膜瘤的MRI及临床、病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果 侧脑室脑膜瘤病人多以头痛、头晕为主要症状。肿瘤多位于左侧脑室三角区,呈类圆形、分叶状,6例良性脑膜瘤MRI表现为T1WI等信号,T2WI等或稍高信号,信号及强化较均匀,余1例非典型性脑膜瘤信号及强化不均匀,T1WI等信号伴稍低信号,T2WI等信号伴高信号。结论 侧脑室脑膜瘤的MRI表现有一定的特征性,结合临床资料,MRI可以对其进行诊断并和其它侧脑室肿瘤进行鉴别。     

原发性脑淋巴瘤的影像诊断分析

目的探讨CT和MRI诊断原发性脑淋巴瘤的特点。方法选择2007年12月至2011年11月间收治的12例经手术病理和(或)临床诊断为原发性脑淋巴瘤患者为观察组,从35例就诊的脑瘤患者中,按就诊时间随机抽取20例颅内转移瘤患者作为对照组,均行CT和MRI检查诊断。观察肿瘤部位、数目、病灶分布、形态特点、是否存在囊变和坏死等。结果 CT平扫下淋巴瘤组织呈等密度或稍高密度值。观察组患者T2WI呈低信号3个,等信号或稍高信号13个,高信号7个。对照组患者等信号7个,高信号21个。两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组患者具有明显囊变、坏死特征改变18例,观察组仅1例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑原发性淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现具有其特点,分辨其影像学特点有助于作出正确诊断。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的影像学诊断

目的:分析颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI表现。方法:对30例经手术及病理确诊的颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI表现作回顾性分析,其中30例作MRI平扫与增强扫描;20例作CT平扫检查。结果:肿瘤位于桥前池及桥小脑角池18例,4例位于鞍上,2例位于鞍旁,5例位于第四脑室,1例位于小脑延髓池。肿瘤大小不等,形态不规则,轮廓光整或呈分叶状。CT平扫17例呈均匀低密度,2例呈稍不均匀低密度,CT值为-15～10Hu,1例呈高密度。MRI平扫28例T1加权像上肿瘤呈不均的低信号,T2加权像上呈不均匀高信号,部分病例在FLAIR图象上表现为不均匀高信号,与周围低信号的脑脊液分界清晰;2例表现为T1加权像上为高信号,T2加权像上为低信号。增强后,2例肿瘤边缘有轻微强化,其余肿瘤均无明显强化。结论:典型的颅内表皮样囊肿,通过CT和MRI检查可做出准确诊断,并可以与颅内其他疾病相鉴别;在鉴别诊断中,MRI优于CT。非典型的颅内高密度囊肿,必须CT和MRI相结合诊断,为准确的术前诊断提供更多的信息。     

骨孤立性浆细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨孤立性浆细胞瘤（SBP）的影像学表现,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2020年9月山西省原平市第一人民医院就诊的8例不同部位SBP患者临床及影像学资料,影像学检查包括CT、磁共振成像（MRI）平扫及MRI增强扫描。结果:8例患者病变部位包括胸椎3例、腰椎2例、颅骨2例、肋骨1例,其中影像学检查误诊为胸椎转移瘤、胸椎结核、腰椎淋巴瘤、颅骨脑膜瘤各1例。所有患者均呈溶骨型骨质破坏,可伴有骨质膨胀性改变及软组织肿块。5例椎体病灶均表现为椎体压缩变扁,CT呈等/低密度,T1WI呈等/低信号,T2WI呈低/稍高信号,其中2例呈典型"微脑征"。2例颅骨病灶CT呈稍高密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈等/混杂高信号。肋骨病灶CT呈等密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。4例MRI增强扫描病灶呈明显均匀强化。结论:不同部位SBP均表现为溶骨型骨质破坏,病灶及软组织肿块均一强化。"微脑征"为脊柱SBP特异性影像学征象。     

磁共振在多形性黄色星形细胞瘤诊断中的价值

[目的]探讨磁共振(MRI)在多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(PXA)诊断中的价值。[方法]回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例PXA患者的MR表现及其病理学特征。[结果]本组13例均位于幕上,其中5例位于颞叶、4例位于顶叶、3例位于额叶、1例位于枕叶,位置均较表浅,病变最大者大小约9cm×10cm,其中囊性病变并实性壁结节10例,实性病变3例,8例病灶周围有轻微水肿,5例病灶周围无明显水肿。10例囊实性病灶囊性部分T1WI比脑脊液信号稍高,T2WI比脑脊液信号稍低,当囊性部分蛋白含量增高时T1WI可呈高信号,实性部分与脑皮质相比呈等T1等T2信号,增强后,实性部分及囊壁强化呈显著高信号,囊性部分无明显强化呈低信号,2例病变周围可见软脑膜线样强化。1H-MRS检查示NAA峰下降,Cho峰升高。免疫组化示CD34(血管+)、GFAP(+)等。[结论]多形性黄色星形细胞瘤具有特征性的MR表现,认识这些特点有助于提高PXA诊断的准确性。     

MRI在宫颈癌诊断与分期中的应用价值

[目的]探讨MRI扫描在宫颈癌术前诊断、分期中的应用价值。[方法]回顾性分析67例宫颈癌患者的术前MRI平扫、动态增强表现,分析肿块影像特点,邻近组织受侵情况及远处脏器转移情况,对MRI分期、临床分期及术后病理分期进行对照。[结果]宫颈癌病灶在平扫T1WI上多呈等、低信号,在T2WI上多呈等信号或稍高信号,仅少数呈低信号,在T2WI（FS）上肿瘤呈稍高信号,仅少数呈低信号,增强扫描（VIBE）肿瘤呈明显中度（等同宫体强化）强化,部分病例轻度强化。MRI对宫颈癌的定位准确率为97.01%（65/67）,分期总准确率为86.56%（58/67）,临床分期总准确率为71.64%（48/67）,MRI对宫颈癌的分期总准确率高于临床分期总准确率（χ2=5.786,P〈0.05）。[结论]MRI对宫颈癌的定位及诊断准确率较高,可作为宫颈癌诊断的常规检查。术前分期中MRI较临床有明显优势,尤其对Ⅱb及以上期别病例,可作为中晚期宫颈癌术前评估的常规检查方法。     

早、中期骨化性肌炎的MRI表现分析

[目的]分析骨化性肌炎的MRI表现,以提高对该病的影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平。[方法]对10例经病理证实的骨化性肌炎的MRI表现进行分析,并复习相关文献。[结果]10例骨化性肌炎为早期或中期病变。病灶分布在大腿7例,腹股沟区1例,腹壁1例,上臂1例。骨化性肌炎T1WI呈等或者稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号,4例伴有低信号区。4例增强扫描病灶明显强化,短T2信号区可见强化。1例累及骨髓。[结论]骨化性肌炎MRI表现复杂,但好发于股部肌肉、T2WI高信号为主,伴有短T2信号区的强化时提示骨化性肌炎的可能。     

鼻咽癌的内镜诊断及鉴别诊断

纤维鼻咽镜检查下对鼻咽肿块进行病理组织活检是目前确诊鼻咽癌的标准手段,同时,纤维鼻咽镜对鼻咽癌的早期诊断及鉴别诊断以及其他鼻咽、鼻疾病的诊断均有较高的价值.全文就纤维鼻咽镜的操作、活检方式及对鼻咽癌诊断的意义、鉴别诊断作一综述.     

The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyps

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical pathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps. METHODS One case of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps was studied by clinical data analysis and light microscopy. RESULTS The tumor was located in the lower ureter. Histologically, the polyp was composed of expanded blood vessels and fibrous connective tissue under normal or proliferous transitional epithelium. CONCLUSION Benign ureteral fibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare, recognition of it's precise histological features can facilitate its correct diagnosis.     

细针吸取细胞学对甲状腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断

本文通过甲状腺肿瘤细针吸取细胞学涂片观察和结合文献，对甲状腺癌细胞中出现的某些特征：核内包涵体、核沟细胞、毛玻璃样核、乳头状结核作了详细的描述。研究显示：核内包涵体在乳头状癌中多见，可作为诊断乳头状癌的重要指标；核沟细胞在滤泡癌和乳头状癌中均可见到，但数量少，对诊断癌有一定价值；甲状腺癌细胞中罕见上述癌之特征。研究还发现，甲状腺癌细胞核普遍增大至１０～１２μｍ以上，并具备其它恶性指征。文章对甲状腺良恶性肿瘤细胞诊断和鉴别亦作了概括。     

Diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma presents a formidable diagnostic and treatment challenge. The majority of patients present with unresectable disease and have a survival of less than 12 months following diagnosis. Progress has been made by the appropriate selection of patients for treatment options including resection, with the routine use of more aggressive resections in order to achieve margin-negative resections. This has resulted in longer survival times for these patients. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have, for the most part, not improved survival in patients with this tumor, and new strategies are needed to improve this line of therapy. The prognosis for unresectable patients is poor, and palliative measures should be aimed at increasing quality of life first and increasing survival second.     

Diagnosis and management of prolactinomas

Prolactin secreting tumors account for ten to twenty percent of all intracranial lesions. The patients harboring these tumors present with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, other ovulatory disorders, infertility, delays in puberty and mixed polyendocrinopathy. These tumors are diagnosed by the measurement of serum prolactin levels, Goldmann-Bowl perimetry, and either computed axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Protein secreting tumors are usually benign lesions and historically have been treated by partial or total hypophysectomy or radiation therapy. Surgical resection of the lesion often is followed by recurrence and administration of proton beam radiation therapy results in the development of a panhypopituitary state. Growth of pituitary tumors is controlled with the administration of dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine and prospective studies have suggested that these drugs are now the preferred method of treatment for primary lesions and recurrences.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alabama at Birmingham     

Diagnosis and management of oligodendroglioma

The discovery of the sensitivity to chemotherapy of oligodendroglial tumors has greatly increased the interest in this tumor type. After the first studies showing the activity of chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV), it is now clear that temozolomide is also effective in this tumor type. Fifty percent to 70% of patients with recurrent oligodendroglial tumors may respond to chemotherapy. The histological diagnosis of oligodendroglial tumors is still subject to a significant observer bias. This variation appears to be one of the causes of the recent relative increase in incidence of oligodendroglial tumors. Genetically, 60% to 70% of oligodendroglial tumors are characterized by the loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the loss of the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q). Virtually all tumors with the combined loss of 1p/19q respond to chemotherapy, which has been the first demonstration of the clinical usefulness of the genotyping of brain tumors. These tumors also more often have a classical oligodendroglial histology and have a much better prognosis than oligodendrogliomas without 1p/19q loss. Although the belief is widely held that in the near future the genotype of oligodendroglial tumors may help in selecting patients for treatment, this assumption has not been proven. Prospective trials on oligodendroglial tumors with analyses of the genotype are needed before such conclusions can be drawn. In the meantime it is clear that ultimately all patients with oligodendroglial tumors die of their disease, and that novel treatments are required to improve prognosis. For an improved prognosis, a better understanding of the aberrant pathways and the driving force behind these tumors is required.