设置特殊清洗程序消除试剂携带污染对总胆汁酸测定的干扰

目的 已知总胆固醇和肌酐的酶法测定试剂对循环酶法测定总胆汁酸（TBA）有干扰,研究探讨在全自动生化分析仪上采用设置特殊清洗程序消除因试剂携带污染对TBA测定的干扰的方法。方法 在HITACHI7600生化分析仪上设置特殊清洗程序,在TBA试验项目加试剂前对仪器试剂针和固定比色杯自动清洗后再进行特殊清洗,以消除因试剂携带污染对TBA测定的干扰;并对设置与未设置特殊清洗程序的TBA测定结果进行比较,以观察特殊清洗的效果。结果 设置与未设置特殊清洗状态下,测定TBA结果,比较其差异有统计学意义。配对t检验：t值在-3．6205～-4．8751之间,P值在0．0001-0．0006之间。结论 设置特殊清洗方式可有效地消除因试剂携带污染对TBA测定的干扰。     

脂肪酶的试剂携带污染对总胆汁酸检测的影响

目的分析生化检验中脂肪酶(LPS)试剂携带污染对血清总胆汁酸(TBA)的影响。方法采用循环酶法检测血清TBA,观察LPS试剂对TBA检测的携带污染,LPS R1和R2试剂分别对TBA检测的影响,以及特殊清洗能否消除LPS对TBA的携带污染。结果 LPS试剂对TBA检测存在显著的正干扰(P0.05),设置特殊清洗并不能有效消除干扰(P0.05)。LPS的R1和R2试剂都对TBA检测存在正干扰(P0.05)。结论 LPS严重影响血清TBA检测。     

观察生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸的干扰因素分析以及改进措施

目的分析与观察生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸(TBA)的干扰因素分析以及改进措施。方法将血清TBA作为观察对象,选择部分生化常规试剂作为干扰项目,并分析不同生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清TBA的干预及原因,再针对干扰因素提出相应的改进措施。结果所选择的生化常规试剂中,总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、尿酸(UA)等生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸的结果有明显干扰,存在的系统误差具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论循环酶法测定血清TBA时与部分常规生化试剂相接触会产生交叉污染,从而对血清TBA的测定结果造成影响,因此在实际的循环酶法测定过程中,一定要对此些干扰因素提高重视,并通过切实、可行、有效的改进措施来规避污染,尽最大程度的保证血清TBA测定结果的准确性。     

罗氏生化分析仪上30个检验项目对总胆汁酸测定的干扰因素分析及解决措施

目的探讨Roche Modular P800全自动生化分析仪上30个常用检验项目对总胆汁酸测定结果的影响,寻找消除携带污染的有效措施。方法以总胆汁酸为检测项目,以总胆红素、直接胆红素等30个常规检测项目为观察项目,根据交叉污染项目的筛选程序从30个常规项目中筛查出对总胆汁酸测定有干扰的项目,并进行确认试验。对存在携带污染的项目之间增加试剂针、比色杯特殊清洗程序和调整检验顺序,观察经特殊处理前后对总胆汁酸检测结果的影响程度。结果高密度脂蛋白、尿酸、脂肪酶这3个检验项目对总胆汁酸的测定有干扰;增加试剂针和比色杯的特殊冲洗后,可消除高密度脂蛋白和尿酸对总胆汁酸测定结果的干扰,调整脂肪酶检测顺序后,能基本消除脂肪酶对总胆汁酸结果的干扰。结论全自动生化分析仪各项目之间存在携带污染,在设定分析参数时,应注意污染和被污染项目检测的顺序,应在两者中间间隔开几个项目,或者用碱液或酸液加强试剂针和反应杯的清洗,从而避免交叉污染的产生。     

试剂携带污染对血清总胆汁酸测定结果的影响及消除措施

目的消除循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸(TBA)时试剂携带污染对结果的干扰。方法循环酶法测定20份血清标本中的TBA含量,然后分别测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等9个项目后再测定TBA含量。结果在测定TC、TG、HDL-C后测定TBA导致20份血清标本结果存在系统误差,分别为14.95、15.36、22.20μmol/L。3种干扰试剂组分中的TBA含量分别为1 016.9、1 061.2、1 216.8μmol/L。结论合理安排TBA与其他检测项目的分析顺序,或设置避免试剂携带污染功能程序,用碱性清洗液冲洗试剂针,可以有效地消除TC、TG、HDL-C试剂对血清TBA测定结果的干扰。     

循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸结果假性增高的原因分析及消除措施

[目的]对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸（TBA）时出现结果假性增高的原因进行分析并提出消除措施。[方法]在日立7080生化分析仪上，使用循环酶法测定20份血清标本中的TBA含量，然后分别测定总胆固醇（Tc）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等10个项目后再测定TBA含量。[结果]在测定TC、HDL-c后再测定TBA，可造成20份血清标本中的TBA结果明显偏高，存在系统误差。[结论]全自动生化分析仪在TC、HDL-c测定后可对TBA的测定产生试剂携带污染，通过合理安排TBA与这些项目的分析顺序，或设定特殊清洗程序，可有效消除TC、HDL-c试剂对血清TBA测定结果的干扰。     

脂肪酶试剂对总胆汁酸检测结果的影响

总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)是最易受污染的生化项目之一。本实验分别通过检测样本针、试剂针、搅拌棒、比色杯携带污染程度,探讨脂肪酶(lipase,LPS)试剂对TBA测定结果的干扰及解决办法。     

脂肪酶交叉污染在东芝120生化仪的解决方案

目的排查东芝TBA120FR生化仪上脂肪酶(LPS)在干扰项目通道前后出现矛盾结果的原因及对策。方法在干扰项目(三酰甘油、总胆固醇)前后各设定一个通道的脂肪酶,比较单独测定与干扰项目同时测定20例新鲜血清脂肪酶结果差异;改变清洗液浓度后,比较单独测定与干扰项目同时测定20例新鲜血清脂肪酶结果差异。结果与干扰项目同时测定,干扰项目后脂肪酶结果与单独测定脂肪酶结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),干扰项目前脂肪酶结果与干扰项目后脂肪酶结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);更换洗液后,干扰试剂前脂肪酶、干扰试剂后脂肪酶与单独测定脂肪酶结果三者间比较,其差异无统计学意义(P=0.978)。结论通过调整项目的加样顺序、对试剂针1设置特殊清洗程序以及改变清洗液浓度等,可以有效地解决脂肪酶的交叉污染问题。     

循环酶法测定总胆汁酸试剂交叉污染及预防措施

目的 探讨如何消除试剂携带污染对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸(TBA)的干扰.方法 分别测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、肌酐(Cr)、三酰甘油(TG)等26个项目对TBA结果的影响及持续时间.结果 HDL-C、TC、Cr和TG试剂对TBA测定存在明显的正干扰,与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0....     

观察生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸的干扰因素分析以及改进措施

目的分析探讨生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸的干扰因素分析。方法选取2015年1~3月该院收集的混合血清标本20份作为检测标本。该次研究所有的检测仪器为贝克曼DXC800全自动生化分析仪。该次研究所涉及的常规生化试剂有总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和尿酸(UA),TBA测定方法为酶循环法。观察特殊清洗前后生化试剂组合TBA测量结果。结果生化试剂处理前,TC/TBA为(8.12±0.03)μmol/L,TG/TBA为(218.03±6.45)μmol/L,HDL-C/TBA为(8.13±0.05)μmol/L,LDL-C/TBA为(184.01±5.16)μmol/L,UA/TBA为(474.11±10.24)μmol/L。经统计学检验,TG、LDL-C以及UA对TBA有影响(P0.05)。生化试剂处理后,TC/TBA为(8.13±0.05)μmol/L,TG/TBA为(8.12±0.03)μmol/L,HDL-C/TBA为(8.12±0.03)μmol/L,LDL-C/TBA为(8.12±0.04)μmol/L,UA/TBA为(8.12±0.04)μmol/L。经统计学检验,特殊清洗处理后生化试剂对TBA无影响(P0.05)。结论生化试剂对循环酶法测定血清总胆汁酸有干扰。因此,要提高改进措施如加强清洗及科学性的有序检测从而避免污染,保证检测结果准确性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.