镜下清理、刨削、髌外侧减压术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下清理、刨削、髌外侧减压术对膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗效果。方法53例膝关节骨性关节炎患者根据临床症状、X线片以及髌骨倾斜、滑动试验的结果,采用关节镜下清理、刨削、髌外侧减压术。结果所有病例切口Ⅰ期愈合,膝部未发生血肿。平均随访28个月。劳累后膝部胀痛3例;屈曲受限30°左右2例;2例术后2年症状复发,行全膝关节置换术。其余病例无明显膝部疼痛,膝关节伸屈功能正常。Lysolm评分:术前(42±8)分,术后(83±6)分。结论膝关节骨性关节炎患者术前应准确地划定髌骨状态,对合并髌骨活动受限、髌外侧挛缩者,行膝关节镜下清理、刨削、髌外侧减压术,可明显缓解膝部疼痛,效果满意。     

骨病

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎；急性膝关节痛风性关节炎关节镜下诊断与治疗；人工全膝关节表面置换治疗骨关节疾病52例；镜下清理、刨削、髌外侧减压术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎     

关节镜清理结合皮下髌外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨外侧挤压综合征疗效分析

目的探讨应用关节镜清理结合皮下髌外侧支持带松解术治疗髌骨外侧挤压综合征以及由此引发的关节退变和骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法采用关节镜清理结合皮下髌外侧支持带松解术治疗86例(98膝)髌骨外侧挤压综合征。结果本组均获随访3~49个月,切口均一期愈合。术后Lysholm评分和Kujala评分较术前均有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论关节镜清理结合皮下髌外侧支持带松解术是治疗髌骨外侧挤压综合征以及并发症的有效手术方法之一。     

自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧支持带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下外侧髌股支持带松解和自体肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股支持带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法复发性髌骨脱位18例,男6例,女12例。年龄17～24岁,平均20岁。关节镜下软骨Ⅳ度损伤者7例采用刨削打磨后微骨折术,软骨损伤Ⅱ度6例和Ⅲ度5例采用射频气化清理。外侧髌股支持带充分松解后,采用自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股支持带,关节镜下动态调整移植肌腱在不同角度下屈伸活动时的张力和髌骨运动轨迹,观察股骨滑车与髌骨的对应关系。采用可吸收界面螺钉将肌腱端固定于股骨内收肌结节的骨道内。结果所有患者术后均获随访,平均13个月(9～19个月)。术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生。恐惧试验阴性,髌骨倾斜试验对称,髌股关节研磨试验阴性16例,阳性2例。1例术后髌骨下极骨折,经手术后功能恢复正常。髌骨轴位X线片和MRI显示髌股关节解剖关系恢复正常15例,髌骨轻度半脱位3例。Lysholm评分术前平均(78.0±4.5)分,术后(94.0±3.5)分。结论关节镜下外侧髌股支持带松解与自体肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股支持带治疗复发性髌骨脱位,方法简便,对于维持髌骨的运动轨迹具有重要作用。     

关节镜治疗膝关节骨性关节炎78例临床分析

目的:总结关节镜下行关节清理术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果与应用价值。方法:回顾分析2010年4月至2013年2月局麻下为78例膝关节骨性关节炎患者经关节镜行关节清理术的临床资料,其中男29例,女49例;平均(61±10)岁;关节镜下关节清理术包括刨削清理突入髌股关节、胫股关节及髁间窝内增生肥厚的炎性滑膜组织,修整老化退变、破损的半月板,解除交锁因素,清除剥脱的软骨碎屑,修平缺损的软骨边缘,松解关节腔内的炎性索带及粘连带,切断滑膜皱襞,清理髌下脂肪,去除关节腔内的游离体。术后随访患侧膝关节的功能状态,患者日常活动能力及对手术的满意度。结果:手术时间平均(50±10)min,术中出血量极少。术后平均随访(15±9)个月,78例患者中优48例,良23例,差7例,优良率达91%。结论:局麻下经关节镜行关节清理术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎可有效解除临床症状,改善功能,延缓病变发展,严格把握手术适应证可取得满意疗效。     

关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在治疗膝骨性关节炎中的应用体会

目的探讨关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的临床效果。方法对98例（143膝）骨性关节炎患者随机分组,49例采用关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解治疗,列为治疗组;49例采用单纯关节镜清理治疗,列为对照组。术后均结合康复训练。手术前后随访均按Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行临床评价。屈膝20&#176;位CT片测量手术前后外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数。结果所有患者关节镜下均见不同程度软骨退变。98例均获随访,时间3～38（18&#177;2）个月。临床疗效评价：6个月治疗组术后Lysholm评分提高（30.84&#177;5.83）分,对照组提高（16.68&#177;5.85）分（P〈0.01）;治疗组外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数术后均明显改善,而对照组基本无变化。结论对膝骨性关节炎进行关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解可以更明显地缓解或消除患者症状。     

关节镜下清理结合髌骨外侧支持带松解术治疗髌股关节骨关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下清理结合外侧支持带松解术治疗髌股关节骨关节炎(OA)的疗效。方法将91例膝关节髌股关节OA患者按照随机数字表完全随机化分为A组(45例)和B组(46例),A组患者单纯行关节清理术,B组患者在行关节清理术的同时行髌骨外侧支持带松解术。对比两组患者治疗前后膝关节功能Lysholm评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)的变化。结果患者均获随访,时间7~36个月。两组患者术后Lysholm评分均较术前增高,VAS评分术后均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Lysholm、VAS评分术后1个月两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月B组两项评分均优于A组(P0.05)。结论关节镜下清理结合髌骨外侧支持带松解术对于治疗髌股关节OA的患者远期疗效确切。     

胫骨高位截骨联合外侧支持带松解治疗内翻型膝骨性关节炎合并髌骨外侧高压综合征

目的:探讨胫骨高位截骨术联合关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解术在内翻型膝骨性关节炎膝关节屈曲功能的临床疗效.方法:对2017年10月至2019年4月采用胫骨高位截骨联合关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解治疗的43例内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎合并髌骨外侧高压综合征患者进行回顾性分析,其中男15例,女28例;年龄53～72(62.05±5....     

膝关节骨性关节炎关节镜下清理和联合髌外侧减压及康复治疗临床疗效的对比研究

目的对比研究膝关节骨性关节炎关节镜下清理和联合髌外侧减压及康复治疗的临床效果。方法依据美国风湿学会膝OA诊断标准选择膝骨性关节炎85例。采用抽签分组,A组行单纯关节镜下清理术,共39例;B组行关节镜下清理术＋髌外侧减压术,共46例。手术均由同一名医生完成。术后由同一康复组实施康复训练。2组均在术前、术后3个月和术后6个月分别用Lysholm评分表、膝关节百分法评分表及简化McGill疼痛量表PPI评分,以及髌骨倾斜试验、髌骨滑动试验等进行评估。结果A组术后3个月Lysholm评分、膝关节百分法和疼痛量表评分明显优于术前;术后6个月与术后3个月比较无显著性差异。B组术后3个月Lysholm、百分法和疼痛量表评分明显优于术前;术后6个月明显优于术后3个月。术后3个月A组恢复情况优于B组,术后6个月B组Lysholm评分优于A组。结论髌骨活动受限的膝关节骨性关节炎患者关节镜下清理术与术后康复可以改善膝部症状与膝关节功能。关节镜下清理联合髌外侧减压术后早期临床症状改善,随着康复训练的进展,6个月后临床症状、体征、膝部功能明显改善,优于单纯的关节镜下清理术。     

关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨外侧压迫综合征

[目的]探讨关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解术对髌骨外侧压迫综合征的治疗效果。[方法]本组共24例30膝；年龄21～64岁，平均48岁，采用镜下清理、髌外侧支持带松解术治疗，术后结合康复训练。[结果]本组全部病例获随访6个月～18个月（平均10个月），临床评价优良率90％。[结论]关节镜下能直观、动态地观察髌股关节对合中，手术松解彻底，创伤小，并发症少，明显缓解或消除膝前痛症状，效果满意。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.