武汉市城区孕中期妇女膳食营养摄入状况调查

目的:了解武汉市城区孕中期妇女膳食营养的摄入水平及食物种类是否合理,评估营养状况.方法:选择孕中期妇女408例作为调查对象,采用24h膳食问卷调查法对孕妇进行膳食营养调查.结果:孕妇每日膳食中摄入的能量、蛋白质和铁偏低,但是优质蛋白来源合理;维生素A、B1、B2及钙、锌均摄入不足或严重缺乏;三餐能量分配不平衡,早餐能量摄入明显不足,而晚餐相对过剩;每日膳食中仅水果类和蛋类的摄入量较为合理,肉禽类和烹调油摄入过量,而谷类、大豆类、蔬菜类、水产品和奶类摄入均不足.不同文化程度和不同家庭收入的孕妇,能量及三大营养素的摄取量存在统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论:孕妇多种营养素摄入水平明显不足,膳食结构不合理,建议加强孕妇营养健康教育,改善不合理的饮食习惯.     

网络膳食评估工具的使用效果

目的评价一种网络膳食评估工具——膳食小助手(eat-right assistant,ERA)的准确性。方法选择上海某公司的育龄期妇女以及在苏州市某镇卫生院进行常规产检的孕妇和带婴幼儿体检的哺乳期妇女为研究对象,对其先后进行膳食小助手和24小时膳食回顾法的连续3日膳食调查。整理膳食小助手调查所得的能量、营养素和各类食物摄入量数据,与24小时膳食回顾法的相应调查结果进行比较。结果共90位妇女完成3天的调查。除水果摄入量外,两种方法所得能量、五种营养素和其他各类食物摄入量差异均无统计学意义。相关系数范围为0.61~0.93(平均0.75),从中度相关到强相关。一致性检验显示两种方法所得结果一致性状况良好。结论该工具准确性良好,有较大的潜力用于推广和应用。     

孕中期妇女营养状况及影响因素调查

目的:了解孕妇的膳食摄入与营养状况,提出合理的建议,改善孕妇的营养状况,促进胎儿的正常发育。方法:选择前来银川市妇幼保健院进行膳食咨询的孕妇作为调查对象,采用24 h回顾法进行膳食调查,对每个调查对象的食物的摄入种类和量进行询问、记录,利用食物成分表计算出每人每日营养素的平均摄入量。并对影响因素进行显著性分析。结果:孕中期妇女大多数营养素能满足需要,但是钙、锌、维生素B1仍然摄入不足,分别达到RNI的74.36%、81.15%、79.33%。三大营养素的供能比例基本合理,而三餐能量比摄入不合理,零食占三餐的能量比较高达34.80%。文化程度与能量、蛋白质、维生素B2、钙有显著性差异。结论:孕中期妇女大多数营养素的摄入能满足需要,仍然有少数营养素不能满足需要,而且膳食结构不太合理。因此为保障孕妇的营养,使孕妇处于最佳的生理状态,建议加强孕妇摄食的科学指导,引导孕妇合理选择食物,改善不合理的饮食习惯。     

24小时膳食回顾法和食物频率法评估人群脂肪摄入的比较

目的比较3天24小时膳食回顾法和食物频率法在评估人群脂肪摄入的差异及相关性,为膳食脂肪研究提供依据。方法对从浙江省抽取的511名调查对象同时采用3天24 h膳食回顾法和食物频率法进行膳食调查,分别计算脂肪、脂肪酸和能量等的每日摄入量及脂肪供能比,并对结果进行统计分析。结果两种方法计算得到的能量、脂肪及脂肪供能比结果差异无统计学意义;两种方法评估能量、脂肪、脂肪供能比的相关系数分别为0.51、0.58和0.57,同一调查对象在这两种方法中被分到相同或相邻组的比率:能量为80.73%,脂肪为84.80%,脂肪供能比为83.38%。结论在进行膳食脂肪与疾病关系研究时可采用本文中的食物频率法代替3天24小时回顾法来评估人群脂肪摄入情况。     

北京市孕中晚期妇女膳食营养素摄入状况分析

摘要:目的　了解现阶段城市女性在孕中晚期膳食营养素摄入情况,为孕妇合理膳食提供科学依据。方法　采用现况调查的方法,调查于2012-2014年在北京市某三甲医院建档产检并生产的孕妇172例,采用称重法分别于孕16、20、24、28、32、36周由调查对象填写连续3 d膳食摄入记录。结果　本次调查提示北京城镇孕妇每日膳食营养素总体摄入状况有所好转。但总能量摄入略为不足,孕中期维生素B1摄入量偏低;维生素A及维生素E超标;矿物质中以硒的摄入量最低,铁、钙的摄入明显增加,但存在阶段性摄入不足;三大供能营养素的构成比中脂肪供能比较高。结论　与近年来全国调查结果相比较,本次调查者的膳食营养素摄入有较大程度的改善,但仍然存在能量及部分微量营养素摄入不足的问题。     

食物频率法评估贫血学生膳食铁摄入量的相对效度研究

目的以称重记录法结合24小时回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率法应用于调查贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法分别应用称重记录法结合24小时回顾法和食物频率法对156名10～14岁在校贫血学生进行膳食调查,计算平均每日膳食铁、血红素铁、非血红素铁、抗坏血酸、畜肉/禽肉/鱼肉和蛋类摄入量,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验、Spearman秩相关分析、交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析评估食物频率法的准确度。结果与参考方法相比,食物频率法高估了贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量,与参考方法调查结果的相关性较低。交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析结果显示,食物频率法不能很好的区分营养素摄入量的不同水平。结论食物频率法应用于调查贫困地区贫血学生的膳食铁及相关营养素摄入量水平的准确性较低。     

乌鲁木齐市213名汉族孕妇膳食营养状况调查

目的：了解乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇膳食营养摄入及各种营养素达标情况,以便改善和提高孕妇的营养状况。方法随机选择自治区妇幼保健院营养门诊就诊的213名汉族孕妇作为调查对象,采用问卷方式24小时膳食回顾法对每个调查对象进行膳食调查,建立数据库,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（ DRIs）》进行比较分析。结果孕妇膳食结构不合理,虽然孕期蔬菜与水果类摄入量已达到中国营养学会推荐摄入量,但其他种类食物却低于推荐摄入量。孕早期能量摄入2086．70kcal,孕中期3200．40kcal,孕晚期3650．70kcal,分别占RNI的90．70％、128．00％和130．40％;孕早期蛋白质摄入61．60kcal,孕中期71．70kcal,孕晚期71．30kcal,分别占RNI的82．10％、89．60％和83．90％,而且植物性蛋白质摄入过多,动物性蛋白摄入量低于全国30％的平均水平;孕妇膳食中钙、铁主要来源是植物性食物,分别占65％和90％,但在植物性食物中钙、铁的吸收率很低;维生素C、维生素B 6以及叶酸摄入不足,其中叶酸摄入量严重缺乏,孕早期叶酸摄入68．50μg,孕中期84．90μg,孕晚期93．20μg,分别占RNI的11．40％、14．20％和15．50％。结论孕妇各期膳食结构不合理;孕早期热能及营养素不能满足机体需要,孕中、晚期膳食较为合理,但维生素B6、维生素C、叶酸的摄入水平严重不足;动物性蛋白、钙、铁摄入不足。     

大学生人群“知食AI营养师”膳食记录工具的准确性验证

目的 探索一种基于手机微信小程序的膳食记录工具——“知食AI营养师”应用于膳食记录的准确性。方法 研究对象为浙江大学全日制本科生109人，受调查者完成1轮非连续3天“知食AI营养师”的膳食记录和1轮非连续3天24小时膳食回顾法记录，两种方法必须要有1天重合。整理“知食AI营养师”调查所得的能量、营养素和各类食物摄入量数据，与24小时膳食回顾法的相应调查结果进行比较。采用Pearson相关系数或Spearman相关系数进行相关性分析，组内相关系数进行信度分析，Bland-Atlman散点图进行一致性分析。结果 信度方面，两种方法评估各类食物、能量及营养素的摄入量具有一定的信度，能量校正后，营养素摄入量信度增强。相关性方面，食物组相关系数范围为0.34～0.79(均值0.60),能量及营养素相关系数范围为0.34～0.72(均值0.55)。一致性方面，95%一致性区间范围外的研究对象比例均小于10%,表明两者具有良好的一致性。结论 “知食AI营养师”应用于大学生膳食记录具有良好的准确性。     

中国城乡居民膳食营养素摄入状况及变化趋势

目的:描述中国城乡居民膳食营养素摄入状况及变化趋势。方法:采用连续3d24h回顾法的食物记录数据及“称重法”记录的家庭调味品消费量数据,分析居民营养素摄入量。结果:全国23470户,68962人的膳食调查结果显示:我国居民每标准人日能量平均摄入量为9.42MJ(2250.5kcal),蛋白质65.9g,脂肪76.2g,视黄醇当量469.2μg,核黄素0.8mg,抗坏血酸88.4mg,钙388.8mg,铁23.2mg,锌11.3mg。结论:我国城乡居民理论得到保障,膳食质量有所提高,钙、视黄醇、抗坏血酸等营养素摄入不足仍是膳食中的主要问题。城乡差别明显,农村居民膳食质量亟待提高。     

福州市195例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇营养状况调查

目的 调查妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)营养状况,为制定营养干预方案提供依据.方法 对GDM孕妇进行健康信息采集及24 h回顾性膳食调查,分析其膳食结构及各营养素的摄入情况.结果 调查195例GDM孕妇中,孕前体重超重占19.4％,低蛋白血症占6.3％,贫血占3.1％,血脂异常普遍;膳食调查结果与有关饮食控制标准比较,能量、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量均偏高,蛋白质摄入量不足;部分微量营养素与膳食纤维摄入不足;粗杂粮摄入量少,大豆类摄入不足;水产品摄入量高于畜肉类,油脂类摄入普遍偏高.结论 GDM孕妇膳食中能量摄入偏高,3大营养素供热比不合理,微量营养素摄入不足.应强化GDM孕妇健康教育工作,及早进行合理膳食干预.     

120例孕晚期孕妇膳食结构调查与评价

目的:了解孕晚期孕妇膳食结构,为孕期营养保健工作提供科学依据。方法:对2010年3月～9月120例产检孕妇进行膳食营养调查,采用24 h膳食回顾法连续调查7天。结果:孕晚期孕妇每天摄取的食物基本包括五大类食物,食物种类在10～15种的孕妇占61.6%,食物种类<10种孕妇占38.4%,其中蛋类、豆类、蔬菜类、水产类摄入量不足;三餐的热能分布不平衡,早、中餐供能比偏低,晚餐供能比偏高;三大营养素供能比例比较合理;孕妇每日总能量、蛋白质摄入量不足。结论:孕晚期孕妇应重视能量的摄入、三餐能量的分配、膳食结构调节,增加豆类、蛋类、蔬菜和水产品的摄入量,做到平衡膳食,合理营养,保障孕期胎儿正常生长发育。     

Collection of food intake data: an evaluation of methods

Using USDA's recently completed methodological survey designed to evaluate longitudinal measures of food intake, the authors assessed nine methods for measuring dietary status. Methods evaluated included various combinations of prospective and retrospective recording of daily intake; personal, telephone, and mail- and telephone-assisted reporting; semistructured and open-ended recording documents; and number and spacing of days for recording intakes. Results from tabular and regression analyses indicated that the most effective and least costly methods for assessing mean intakes for groups of individuals were those using telephone and/or personal contact and collecting 24-hour recalls for several selected nonconsecutive days during the survey period. More specifically, it was concluded that the method including an initial personal interview for 24-hour recall followed by three telephone interviews for 24-hour recalls over a 1-year period and the method including four telephone interviews for 24-hour recalls for a 1-year period provided food energy intake data comparable with the data collected with other methods and with less effort or cost. Additional analyses were recommended to determine the numbers of days required to obtain estimates of usual intake for individuals and for diet components other than food energy.     

447例喀什农村维吾尔族住校中学生膳食营养状况调查

目的:了解喀什地区农村住校中学生的膳食结构和存在的问题,为改善当地学生膳食营养提供依据。方法:采用24 h膳食回顾法对喀什地区两所中学的447例住校中学生的膳食情况进行调查,并根据《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》作出评价。结果:被调查学生膳食构成中谷类、畜禽肉和油脂摄入过多,而其他食物摄入较少;三餐能量和三大营养素分配也不合理,午餐能量偏低、晚餐能量偏高,碳水化合物摄入严重偏高、而脂肪摄入严重偏低;维生素A和钙摄入严重不足,维生素C、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量也较低,而维生素B2、烟酰胺、铜的摄入则偏高,钠的摄入严重过量。结论:学生膳食构成不合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应采取相应措施改善这一现状,倡导学生平衡膳食。     

Comparability of dietary patterns assessed by multiple dietary assessment methods: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the consistency of dietary patterns assessed through the use of a dietary recall and a 5-day food diary. DESIGN: Participants (n = 2265) of a longitudinal study of health and development completed 48-h dietary recall at interview, followed by a 5-day food diary and with the 24 h immediately preceding the interview analysed separately as a 24-h recall. Mean intakes of foods and nutrients were calculated and dietary patterns were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, using the method of principal components. Paired t-tests and correlation coefficients were used to compare the three dietary assessment methods. RESULTS: Five distinct dietary patterns were identified using the food diary and the 48-h recall but were less consistent on the 24-h recall. Correlations between factor scores on the 48-h recall and the food diary (r = 0.13-0.67) were higher than those between the 24-h recall and food diary (r = -0.01-0.59). The recall methods were effective at ranking subjects according to food and nutrient intakes, with the 48-h recall and food diary showing higher correlations in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a 48-h recall effectively characterises dietary patterns in British adults when compared to a food diary and ranks participants appropriately with respect to most nutrients and foods and is superior to a single 24-h recall. These results have implications for longitudinal studies where maximising response rates to repeat dietary assessment tools is essential.     

Assessment of dietary intake among university students: 24-hour recall verses weighed record method

The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary intake of University Putra Malaysia students using the weighed record method and the 24 hour-dietary recall method. The validity of the 24-hour recall method was studied by comparing it with the weighed record method. A total of 40 male and 25 female students age between 18-29 years volunteered to participate in this study. All the subjects were required to weigh and record the foods they ate for 1 day. Without prior knowledge of the purpose of the visit , the 24-hour recall was carried out the following day. The nutrients analysed were calorie, carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. Comparisons of the nutrient intake between these two methods were determined. The paired t-test indicated no significant difference in group's mean nutrient intake between the weighed record method for all nutrients. The differences in group mean intake for all nutrients between weighed record and 24-hour recall method ranged from -3% to 3.6%. A total of 4 nutrients were underestimated, namely energy, protein, vitamin C and iron. The correlation coefficients showed a strong positive relationships between the two methods (ranged from r = 0.88-0.98, p < 0.01) for all of the nutrients analysed. In conclusion, the agreement between nutrient values from two different methods indicated that the 24 hour recall is a suitable method for the dietary assessment of university students.     

Development of a new instrument for evaluating individuals' dietary intakes

OBJECTIVE: With the aim of developing a new dietary instrument for assessing an individual's usual intakes, we evaluated a hand-held personal digital assistant with camera and mobile telephone card, called Wellnavi (Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). SUBJECTS/SETTING: Twenty-eight college students majoring in food and nutrition in Okayama University of Japan voluntarily participated in this study. DESIGN: Applying a cross-sectional study design, participants were asked to keep 1-day weighed food records. Digital images of all recorded foods were obtained simultaneously and sent to registered dietitians by a mobile telephone card. The following day, a 24-hour recall was obtained. These procedures were repeated after 6 months. Participants' opinions about the three methods were determined using a questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Differences in estimated median nutrient intake among the three methods were compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Relationships among the nutrient estimates by each method were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. RESULTS: We found no significant differences between the Wellnavi method when compared with food records for most nutrients, except zinc, manganese, vitamin E, saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and dietary fiber. The median correlation coefficients for the nutrient estimates were 0.66 between the Wellnavi method and the food records. The survey showed that 57.1% of subjects considered the Wellnavi method the least burdensome of the three methods and the least time consuming (16 minutes) to record daily diet. About half of participants indicated that they would be willing to use the Wellnavi for 1 month to record their diet. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a hand-held digital assistant may be a valid and convenient instrument for evaluating dietary intake.     

云南某高校高护女生膳食结构调查

目的了解学院医学部高护女大学生的营养状况，指导学生合理膳食。方法采用24h膳食记录法和称重法连续3d分别调查医学院大二、三年级高护女生膳食中每餐所吃食物（包括零食、水果）的品种、数量。结果学生蛋白、Fe、视黄醇、VitB2、VitC摄入充足，蛋白质拳源较合理。热理及Ca严重不足；三大产能营养素分布及一日三餐热量分布均不合理，脂肪来源不舍理。结论建议学生调整膳食结构，多注意平衡膳食、食物多样化，适当增加热能、植物性脂肪的供给及矿物质钙、铁摄入，合理地分配三餐膳食营养素等。     

Consistency of the Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recalls in estimating nutrient intakes of preschool children.

A study was performed to determine the utility of the Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessing the habitual diets of preschool children. Children (n = 224) were recruited mainly through a New York City hospital-based pediatric practice during 1986-1987. The children's ages at baseline were 44-60 months; 50% were male, and 91% were Hispanic. Over a 12-month period, the Willett food frequency questionnaire was administered twice to each child's parent, and a 24-hour dietary recall was conducted four times. For energy and eight nutrients, group mean intakes derived from food frequency questionnaires were 1.4-1.9 times higher than those from 24-hour recalls. Group mean estimates of nutrient density of total and saturated fat, potassium, and calcium did not differ between the two methods. Correlations between methods for crude nutrient intakes (unadjusted for energy consumption) ranged from 0.16 (polyunsaturated fat in boys) to 0.60 (potassium in girls). Correlations generally decreased when intakes were adjusted for energy consumption. Adjustment for energy intake and residual intraindividual variability yielded correlations of 0.48 for total calories, 0.35 for total fat, and 0.37 for saturated fat. For intake of energy and nine nutrients, of those children classified into the highest quintile by dietary recall, 28.9-40.9% were so classified by the Willett questionnaire, and 48.9-68.9% were classified into the highest two quintiles. When data were expressed as nutrient densities, agreement was high for potassium and calcium and fair for saturated fat, cholesterol, and protein. The moderately low consistency of nutrient intake estimates across dietary assessment methods in this study may be due, in large part, to residual intraindividual variability in both the recall data and the food frequency data.     

Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children. VI. Methodological study comparing the 24-hour recall and the dietary history interview

The aim of the study was to evaluate and to compare the 24-hr recall method with the dietary history method as used in a food consumption survey of children. Information on the dietary intkake was obtained by 24-hour recall from 158 children and by the history method from 134. The interviews are repeated 7 months later. In addition, 741 children were interviewed by both methods on the same occasion. The repeatability of the results was analyzed both at the individual and at the group level. The correlation coefficients between the first and second interview in terms of the individual intakes of energy and nutrients were fairly low for both methods. At the group level the results of repeated 24-hr recalls were in good agreement. The dietary history method, however, gave significantly different mean intakes when repeated. The correlation coefficients between the values obtained by the 24-hr recall and the history method varied from 0.20 (vitamin A) to 0.50 (energy). The history method gave consistently higher mean values than the 24-hr recall. Neither of the methods can be considered suitable for the measurement of an individual child's dietary intake. The 24-hr recall is preferable for food consumption surveys of groups of children.     

食物图谱辅助提高24h回顾法膳食调查准确性的评价研究

目的评价新研制的食物图谱辅助提高24h回顾法膳食调查准确性的效力。方法选取我院40名普食住院病人,分别用称重法、无图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾法和有图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾法对其进行一日膳食调查。将两种24 h膳食回顾法获得的食物消费量和营养素摄入量,与称重法获得的相应数据进行比较,计算与称重法的差值及其比例,比较两种24 h膳食回顾法所获数据与称重法的接近程度,探讨新研制的食物图谱在24 h膳食回顾中的作用。结果与称重法相比,无图谱辅助的24 h回顾法除鸡蛋和牛肉外,其余食物及所有营养素都是低估的,除脂肪、总维生素E、钠、钙和膳食纤维摄入量数据与称重法呈一定程度的正相关,其他营养素和各种食物摄入量则未见相关性。有图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾所获食物和营养素摄入量与称重法无差别,且两组数据高度相关。结论新研制的食物图谱能有效提高24 h膳食回顾的准确性,携带方便,应用简便,是一种很好的现场调查工具,值得推广应用。[营养学报,2012,34(6):558-562]