Social support and positive health practices in early adolescents: a test of mediating variables

This study examines the relationship between social support and positive health practices in early adolescents and tests two variables, loneliness and hopefulness, that theoretically mediate this relationship. The final sample of the study consisted of 134 adolescents, ages 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring social support, loneliness, hopefulness, and positive health practices in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the five hypothesized relationships. A series of regression analyses indicated that loneliness and hopefulness each were weak mediators of the relationship between social support and positive health practices. Implications for nursing practice are addressed.     

Outcomes of depression in early adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depressed mood and depressive symptomatology and the influence of both variables on perceived social support, interpersonal conflict, general well-being, and perceived health status in 144 early adolescents. The subjects responded to instruments measuring the study variables in classroom settings. Two bivariate regression structural equation models were examined using the LISREL 7 computer software program. In the health model, depressed mood had a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms and a direct negative effect on well-being and on perceived health status. Depressive symptoms had a direct negative effect on well-being and on perceived health status. In the interpersonal model, depressed mood had a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms and on conflict and a direct negative effect on social support. Depressive symptoms had a direct positive effect on conflict and a direct negative effect on social support.     

实习护生自尊与主观幸福感调查与分析

目的:通过调查福州市某医院实习护生自尊与主观幸福感现状及其关系,了解护生的心理健康状况,为促进临床实习护生心理健康提供依据。方法:采用自尊量表(SES)及总体幸福感量表(GWB)对142名实习护生进行问卷调查,调查数据用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:护生的自尊得分为(30.85±2.30)分,总体幸福感得分为(97.04±11.40)分,在护生中,高自尊组感受到的主观幸福感较低自尊组高,而本科学历护生感受到的主观幸福感较大专学历护生低。结论:应采取有效措施,利用医院及社会支持资源,提高实习护生的自尊水平;应当对本科学历护生给予更多的关注和心理干预,提高其幸福感指数。     

自我接纳在维持性血液透析患者主观幸福感与领悟社会支持间的中介效应探讨

目的 分析维持性血液透析患者主观幸福感与领悟社会支持、自我接纳的关系,为提高维持性血液透析患者主观幸福感水平干预措施研究提供依据。方法 2020年8月至2021年1月,采用便利抽样法选取收治于衡阳市某三级甲等医院血液净化中心的248例维持性血液透析患者作为研究对象。采用总体幸福感量表、领悟社会支持量表、自我接纳问卷对其进行调查。通过结构方程模型分析三者的关系,并应用Bootstrap方法对中介作用进行验证。结果 维持性血液透析患者的主观幸福感、领悟社会支持、自我接纳得分分别为（55.41±12.21）分、（49.26±13.29）分、（36.25±8.39）分;领悟社会支持、自我接纳得分与主观幸福感得分均呈正相关（P<0.05）;自我接纳在领悟社会支持与主观幸福感间起部分中介作用,占总效应的65.34%。结论 维持性血液透析患者主观幸福感较低,加强社会支持、提高自我接纳水平有助于提高维持性血液透析患者主观幸福感。     

Testing a bioecological model to examine social support in postpartum adolescents.

PURPOSE: The purpose was twofold and included examining a bioecological model as a framework to describe social support in postpartum adolescents. The second purpose was to determine the relationship between a comprehensive view of the context of social support and symptoms of depression. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design with convenience sampling (n=85) of adolescents at 4-6 weeks postpartum, recruited from two community hospitals. METHODS: Approval was received from the university's IRB (institutional review board), each recruitment site, the adolescent mothers, and their parents or guardians. Data were collected by a research assistant during home visits using a battery of self-report instruments to measure macro, meso, and microsystems of social support. Demographics, exposure to community violence (macrosystem), social support, social network (mesosystem), and perceived stress, mastery, and self-esteem (microsystem) were predictor variables. Depressive symptoms were measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression (CES-D) Scale. FINDINGS: Variables from each system were significant predictors of depressive symptoms but perceived stress was the strongest predictor. Many postpartum adolescents reported that they had been victims of violence. Significant symptoms of depression were identified in 37% of the postpartum adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Context is important to consider in comparing international studies of social support. Researchers and clinicians should investigate variables associated with the low incidence of treatment for depressive symptoms in postpartum adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feelings of high self-esteem and mastery should be fostered in nursing interventions with postpartum adolescents and routine screening for symptoms of depression should be considered in relevant healthcare settings.     

Parental relationships,coping strategies,received support,and well-being in adolescents of separated or divorced and married parents

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of the perceived quality of the parental relationship and family status on coping strategies, received support, and well-being in adolescents from separated or divorced and married parents. Two hundred forty-four matched adolescents from separated/divorced and married households were drawn from an initial sample of 1,044 students who were tested at five colleges and three high schools of a large metropolitan and rural area. Regression analyses supported the hypothesis that a perceived poor parental relationship, and not family status, was associated with low life satisfaction and sense of future, and high anxiety in adolescents of divorced and married households. Hierarchical regression techniques revealed that coping strategies and received support did not mediate the association between a perceived poor parental relationship and low levels of well-being in adolescents from divorced and married households. The findings underscore the importance of intervening with adolescents within the context of their family relationships. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Anger correlated with psychosocial variables in rural youth

Uncontrolled anger is a contributing force in the three leading causes of adolescent death: homicide, suicide, and injuries. Anger may be one of the early warning signs which could lead to violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anger experience and expression with the potential correlates of life events, perceived social support, self-esteem, optimism, drug use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in rural adolescents. The participants (n = 193) were aged 14 to 17 years old in ninth through eleventh grades enrolled at three rural Western Pennsylvania public high schools. Participants completed nine questionnaires. Negative life events, anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms had significant positive correlations with anger. In addition, anger was found to have significant negative correlations with the adolescents' perceived family support, self-esteem, and optimism. With this knowledge, health promotion programs conducted by pediatric nurses can target anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms while bolstering family support, self-esteem, and optimism to promote anger management in adolescent health care.     

Hopefulness and its characteristics in adolescents with cancer

Hopefulness in adolescents with cancer serves critical functions related to the adolescents' sense of well-being and commitment to treatment. Given these critical functions, it is important to determine the essential characteristics of hopefulness, which include the degree and dynamism of hopefulness and the nature and attributes of hoped-for objects. The purposes of this two-site study were to describe the degree and dynamism of hopefulness at four time points during the first 6 months of adolescents' treatment for newly diagnosed cancer, to identify and describe the adolescents' hoped-for objects, and to evaluate potential relationships between the characteristics of hopefulness and patient gender, age, diagnosis, and time point in treatment. Seventy-eight adolescents completed the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents, the Hopelessness Scale, and the Hopefulness Interview Question at each time point. Hopefulness scores were higher and hopelessness scores substantially lower than reported in other tested samples. Adolescents identified a total of 57 different hopes. Differences by age, gender, and diagnosis were found.     

Health and well-being in early adolescents using Rogers' science of unitary human beings

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perceived field motion and human field rhythms to perceived health status, health conception, and well-being in early adolescents to determine which health-related variables are most compatible with Rogers' science of unitary human beings. The sample of 142 early adolescents responded to the study instruments in classrooms. The correlations between perceived field motion and each of the other variables were statistically significant, and increased in magnitude from perceived health status to health conception to well-being. These results give credence to Rogers' evolving philosophical belief that the term well-being is more compatible than health in her science.     

African Americans with cancer: the relationships among self-esteem,locus of control,and health perception

The purpose of this study was to describe and examine the relationships among self-esteem, locus of control, and perceived health status in African Americans with cancer and to identify predictors of perceived health status. A convenience sample of 95 oncology outpatients at two large medical facilities completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Cantril Ladder, a measurement of perceived health. In an audiotaped interview two open-ended questions were used to clarify participants' Cantril Ladder scores. A significant positive relationship was discovered between self-esteem and powerful others health locus of control (p <.05). Participants tended to view God as the Powerful Other capable of influencing their health and well-being. Self-esteem and an internal health locus of control were found to account for 23% of the perceived variance in health status. In addition, interview data indicated that participants with normal to high levels of self-esteem and an internal health locus of control perceived their state of health and well-being positively.     

尿路造口患者社会支持与自尊的相关性研究

目的 探讨尿路造口患者社会支持、自尊及其相关性,为临床护理干预提供理论依据.方法 采用Heatherton & Polivy状态自尊量表(State Self-esteem SSES)、领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale,PSSS)对62位尿路造口患者社会支持与自尊进行评测.结果 尿路造口患者自尊水平为中等、总体社会支持水平属于正常范围内.社会支持与自尊呈正相关,且自尊主要受社会支持中朋友支持和其他支持因子影响.结论 良好的社会支持可提高患者的自尊水平.若要提高患者的自尊水平,除了提高家庭支持外,更不能忽视朋友支持和其他支持所起的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the social support and self- esteem of urinary opening patients and their relationship. Methods The social support and self-esteem of 62 urinary opening patients were evaluated by state self-esteem scale (SSES) and perceived social support scale (PSSS) . Results The degree of urinary opening patients'self-esteem was middle, the degree of social support was in normal. The social support had a positive correlation with self-esteem, and the self- esteem was affected by friend support and other support factors. Conclusion Better social support can improve the patients'self- esteem, especial the friend support and other supports.     

Positive health practices of urban minority adolescents.

What influences the health practices of adolescents? This study attempted to answer this question by examining factors related to health practices of urban minority adolescents. The convenience sample consisted of 65 minority adolescents who resided in an urban area. Positive correlations were found between social support and positive health practices and hope and positive health practices. However, no significant relationship was found between self-esteem and positive health practices. School nurses work closely with adolescents and are in the position to initiate and promote programs that will influence the health behaviors of minority adolescents. Suggestions are provided that will assist school nurses to meet their goal of promoting positive health practices among adolescents.     

The moderator-mediator role of social support in early adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine social support as both a mediator and a moderator of the relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns in early adolescents. Data were collected from 148 early adolescent boys and girls, ages 12 to 14, who responded to the Perceived Stress Scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part II, and the Symptom Pattern Scale. Using multiple regression analysis procedures specified for the testing of moderation and mediation, results indicated that social support did not play a moderating role in the relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns, but social support did play a mediating role in this relationship. The findings are interpreted within the two major theoretical orientations that guided the study.     

Self-reported health, self-management, and the impact of living with inflammatory bowel disease during adolescence

Perceptions of living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during adolescence were explored in a cross-sectional study with a multimethod design. The adolescents as a group described general well-being and ability to handle the disease, which was related to their self-reported self-esteem. However, a subgroup of adolescents with a severe disease course reported a more negative view of the impact of IBD in their daily lives. Encouraging adolescents to communicate in different ways may help professionals to identify vulnerable subgroups with impaired health and to provide more appropriate support and treatment for those most in need.     

Maternal Responsiveness in Mothers of Preterm Infants

This longitudinal study of maternal responsiveness included a sample 23 mothers of preterm infants. The mothers completed questionnaires at three intervals: 2 weeks postpartum, 2 weeks after the infant's discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, and 3 months postpartum. Factors that have a potential effect on maternal responsiveness including postpartum depression, social support, stressors, self-esteem, maternal well-being, and maternal attitude were also examined. There were no significant changes in these variables or in maternal responsiveness over time. Social support and self-esteem were found to have a significant positive relationship with maternal responsiveness. Stressors had a significant inverse relationship with maternal responsiveness. There were no significant relationships between maternal well-being, postpartum depression, and maternal attitude about being a mother and maternal responsiveness. The findings suggest that although maternal responsiveness may be stable over time, it may be associated with other characteristics of the mother that need to be assessed.     

Anxiety sensitivity and health-related quality of life in children with chronic pain.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), or the fear of anxiety sensations, has been shown to independently predict poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with chronic pain. Specifically, AS was found to contribute to decrements in psychological well-being and social functioning but not to decrements in physical functioning. Existing studies have not examined the relationship between AS and HRQOL in children with chronic pain. The present study used multivariate regression analysis to test the association between AS and self-reported HRQOL in 87 children (62 girls; mean age = 14.4 years +/-2.3) presenting for treatment at a tertiary, multidisciplinary clinic specializing in pediatric chronic pain. After controlling for key sociodemographic and pain-related characteristics, higher AS was associated with poorer perceived general and mental health, greater impairment in family activities, lower self-esteem, increased behavior problems, and more social/academic limitations due to emotional problems. AS accounted for 4% to 28% of incremental variance in these HRQOL domains above and beyond the demographic and pain-related variables. However, AS was not significantly associated with physical functioning or with academic/social limitations due to physical health. Additional research is required to delineate possible mechanisms by which AS may influence certain aspects of children's HRQOL but not others. PERSPECTIVE: The present findings support the evaluation of AS in pediatric chronic pain patients as part of a comprehensive assessment battery. The links between AS and multiple HRQOL domains suggest that treatment components aimed at reducing AS may lead to enhanced psychosocial well-being in children with chronic pain.