Determinants of objective and subjective quality of life in first-time-admission schizophrenic patients in Poland: a longitudinal study

Objectives This study involved a naturalistic, prospective project assessing objective and subjective dimensions of quality of life (QoL) and the range of its putative determinants in first-episode schizophrenia. Methods Seventy-four patients, mean age 24.7 years, participated in the study. The patients were assessed 1 month following the first hospitalisation (Time 1), 12 months later (Time 2), and 4–6 years after Time 1 (Time 3). The Social Functioning Scale and World Health Organisation Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied to evaluate objective and subjective QoL, respectively. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to examine psychopathological status, and the Global Assessment Scale was applied to evaluate social adjustment prior to hospitalisation. Results The objective and subjective QoL was relatively low at Time 1. Over time, the objective QoL improved in three domains, decreased in one domain, and remained stable in three domains. The subjective QoL did not change. The most important predictors of both dimensions of QoL were psychopathology and duration of untreated psychosis. Conclusions Because psychopathology seems to have the greatest impact on the QoL, there is a need to develop community psychosocial treatment to reduce these symptoms and to support patients in the early phase of the disease.     

精神分裂症缓解期患者生活质量与社会支持、家庭关怀的相关性分析

目的 探讨精神分裂症缓解期患者生活质量与社会支持、家庭关怀的相关性,为采取有针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样,抽取湖北省在册管理的精神分裂症患者共 231人作为研究对象。采用《SF-36生活质量量表》、《社会支持评定量表》及《家庭关怀指数问卷》进行调查。结果 调查对象生活质量的8个维度得分分别为（47.53±19.32）、（74.33±23.22）、（33.26±45.29）、（35.93±46.80）、（64.85±25.59）、（74.85±26.71）、（54.17±17.69）、（58.92±16.28）分,其得分均低于常模（P＜0.05）。偏相关分析结果显示,患者社会支持与生活质量的躯体健康（r = 0.240）、心理健康（r = 0.282）2个综合维度呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）;患者家庭关怀与生活质量的躯体健康（r = 0.284）、心理健康（r = 0.316）2个综合维度呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论 本研究中精神分裂症缓解期患者生活质量较差,加强对患者的社会支持、家庭关怀力度可提高其生活质量。     

社会支持对精神分裂症患者生活质量和家属生活满意度的影响

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者获得的社会支持、家属家庭负担与患者生活质量及家属生活满意度的关系。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,在甘肃省抽取符合纳入标准的358名精神分裂症患者及358名患者家属作为研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表、家庭负担量表、生活满意度量表、生活质量量表进行调查。采用AMOS 24.0软件探究家属家庭负担在精神分裂症患者获得的社会支持与患者生活质量、家属生活满意度间的影响路径。结果 患者获得的社会支持、生活质量、家属的家庭负担和生活满意度间呈两两显著相关（P<0.05）,且社会支持量表总分负向预测生活质量量表总分（β=-0.28,P<0.05）,正向预测生活满意度量表总分（β=0.52,P<0.05）;家属家庭负担在患者获得的社会支持与其生活质量间起完全中介的作用,而在患者获得的社会支持与家属生活满意度间,起部分中介的作用。结论 精神分裂症患者获得的社会支持对其生活质量和家属生活满意度有显著的预测作用,家属家庭负担在患者获得的社会支持与生活质量、家属生活满意度的关系中起中介作用,可基于增加对患者的社会支持和减轻家属家庭负担进行干预以提高患者生活质量及增加家属生活满意度。     

社会支持因素与维持性血液透析患者生存质量关系的研究

目的 探讨社会支持因素与维持性血液透析患者生存质量之间的关系,为临床治疗提供理论依据,提高维持性血液透析患者远期生存质量.方法 采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定简表(WHO2QOL-BREF)和社会支持评定量表对98例规律性血液透析患者生存质量、社会支持及其两者相关性进行评定分析并与健康对照组进行比较.结果 血透患者生理领...     

Social support and health-related quality of life in chronic heart failure patients

Objectives: Objectives of this study were to: (1) describe perceived social support during a baseline hospitalization and 12 months later among heart failure patients; (2) examine differences in social support as a function of gender and age (less than 65 and 65 years or older); and (3) examine social support as a predictor of health-related quality of life. Background: Social support is a predictor of well-being and mortality, but little is known about support patterns among heart failure patients and how they influence quality of life. Methods: The sample included 227 hospitalized patients with heart failure who completed the Social Support Survey and the Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire at baseline; 147 patients completed these questionnaires again 12 months after baseline. Results: Mean baseline and 12-month total support scores were 56 and 53, respectively, with a score of 76 indicating the most positive perceptions of support. The ANOVA indicated significant interactions of gender by age for total (F = 5.04; p = 0.03) and emotional/informational support (F = 4.87; p = 0.03) and for positive social interactions (F = 4.43; p = 0.04), with men under age 65 perceiving less support than men aged 65 and older and women in either age group. Baseline support did not predict 12-month health-related quality of life, but changes in social support significantly predicted changes in health-related quality of life (R ² = 0.14). Conclusions: Overall, perceptions of support were moderate to high, but there was wide variation in perceptions over time. Men under age 65 reported less support than other groups of patients. Importantly, changes in social support were significant predictors of changes in health-related quality of life. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

社会支持对食管癌手术后患者生命质量的影响

目的探讨社会支持与食管癌手术后患者生命质量的关系。方法采用生命质量测定量表(QLQ-C30)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对84例食管癌患者的生命质量和社会支持现状进行测评,并对结果进行分析。结果食管癌患者整体生命质量较差;食管癌患者获得较多的社会支持,但对支持的利用度较低;社会支持总分与食管癌患者的生命质量呈正相关(r=0.482,P﹤0.01)。结论社会支持与食管癌患者的生命质量密切相关,应重视食管癌患者的社会支持,增强其对社会支持的利用度,提高其生命质量。     

社会支持与酒依赖患者生活质量的相关性及护理对策

目的探讨社会支持状况与酒依赖患者生活质量的相关性。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS),生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74),对60名住院治疗的酒依赖患者进行测评,并与正常对照组进行比较,分析酒依赖患者的社会支持与其生活质量的关系。结果酒依赖患者组SSRS总分及3个维度分,均显著低于正常人群组(P﹤0.05);社会支持与生活质量为正相关(r=0.764,P﹤0.01)。结论酒依赖患者获得的社会支持比正常人群低,酒依赖患者的生活质量与社会支持密切相关;护理中应重视社会支持的效果,改善酒依赖患者的生活质量。     

General life satisfaction and domain-specific quality of life in chronic schizophrenic patients

Subjective quality of life (QOL) has often been assessed through questionnaires or structured interviews focusing on the person's satisfaction with various life domains. In particular, most QOL instruments for psychiatric patients are based on this concept. We report on a study casting some doubts on the rationale of this approach. We investigated the QOL of 48 chronic schizophrenic outpatients with a long-term disease history (at least 20 years) using a German version of the Lancashire QOL Profile. The interrelations between general life satisfaction, satisfaction with specific life domains, psychological well-being and psychopathology were studied using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. Of the life domains assessed, only two, namely social relations and health, contributed significantly to the patients' general life satisfaction, while the others (including work, leisure, family relations and housing) did not. The subscales on psychological well-being (self-esteem, affective state) as well as psychopathology were found to be more closely associated with general life satisfaction than almost all life domains considered. The findings are discussed with regard to the specific situation of the group of patients investigated. They give indications that the life domain approach to measuring QOL has its limitations, in particular when applied to patients having adapted to a very restricted everyday life.     

Predicting quality of life impairment in chronic schizophrenia from cognitive variables

Background The aim of this study was to see whether and how cognition deficit predicts quality of life impairments in schizophrenia patients. Method The Computerized Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery, the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) were used to assess 62 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Step-wise multiple regression analysis was used in order to determine cognitive variables that would predict the scores of each Q-LES-Q and QLS domain scores. Results Regression analysis revealed a significant association of the cognitive deficits with both general and domain-specific quality of life impairment measured with Q-LES-Q and QLS. Deficits in executive functions, visual sustained attention, memory and motor skills have been found to be valid predictors both before and after controlling for the severity of symptoms, emotional distress, side effects, age, education, and illness duration. Conclusions This study suggests that deficits in executive functioning, attention, memory and motor skills substantially contributes to predicting impairments across a wide range of HRQL domains, and, consequently, to quality of life appraisal in schizophrenia. Cognitive predictors cannot be attributed to illness-related and background variables. It can be concluded that, when aiming at the improvement of quality of life in schizophrenia patients, cognitive functioning should be targeted.     

罕见病患者社会支持与生命质量的关系研究

目的:利用2016年中国罕见病群体生存状况调查数据,通过分析罕见病患者生命质量各维度现状及其与社会支持的关系,为完善罕见病患者社会保障政策提供参考。方法:评价工具采用WHOQOL-BREF量表,运用滚雪球抽样调查方法,通过网络和电话调查方式收集数据,采用t检验分析与中国常模数据进行比较,并使用线性回归模型考察非正式、正式社会支持与罕见病患者生命质量的关系。结果:罕见病患者生命质量的各维度得分(生理、心理、社会、环境领域)均显著低于中国常模正常组和疾病组的生命质量评价得分,说明罕见病对居民的生命质量负面影响显著。非正式和正式社会支持与罕见病患者生命质量相关,非正式社会支持水平越高,患者各领域的生命质量越好;曾接受过社会帮扶的患者,心理领域和社会领域的生活质量水平高于未曾接受的患者。结论:改善患者的社会支持水平,完善罕见病的社会保障政策,对提高患者的生命福祉有一定的意义。     

西南地区老年人社会参与对生命质量的影响研究

目的 了解西南地区老年人社会参与现状,并以生命质量作为评价健康的指标,分析社会参与对老年人健康的影响。方法 利用2016—2017年在成都市和昆明市进行的入户调查数据,选取60岁及以上调查对象共3 698名。从有组织的活动参与、人际交往及参与群体性锻炼三个方面分析老年人的社会参与状况,并运用多因素logistic回归分析老年人的社会参与对生命质量的影响。结果 被调查对象人际交往总体较好,参与群体性锻炼较差。多因素分析显示,人际交往中的关系密切的朋友数量（OR = 1.476 及OR = 2.029）及家庭关系（OR = 1.241 及OR = 2.140）对躯体生命质量及心理生命质量均有影响;有组织的活动参与中的社会团体活动参加情况（OR = 1.482）仅对躯体生命质量有影响;有组织的活动参与中的“小区公共项目不直接对您有利时是否会参与”（OR = 1.298）以及参与群体性锻炼（OR = 1.608）对心理生命质量有影响。结论 老年人的社会参与对其生命质量有较为明显的影响。政府及社区对老年人的社会参与应该给予更多的关注。     

159例肺结核患者的社会支持与生命质量相关性的 探讨研究

摘要:目的　通过调查159例肺结核患者的社会支持和生命质量,分析和讨论两者的一般情况以及相关性,探讨二者对肺结核患者的影响。方法　使用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）以及36 条目简明量表（SF-36）对159例肺结核患者进行自评调查。资料分析使用均数、t检验,并对社会支持和生命质量进行了相关分析和多重线性回归分析。结果　SF-36量表评定患者各项得分为生理机能（70.25±26.028）分,生理职能（27.99±36.713）分,躯体疼痛（62.03±22.687）分,一般健康状况（46.26±21.553）分,精力（54.87±21.250）分,社会功能（63.99±29.344）分,情感职能（46.33±41.408）分,精神健康（59.80±18.625）分,均低于一般人群的参考水平（P＜0.01）。SF-36量表与社会支持量表测得结果总分相关系数r＝0.187,呈正相关。多重线性回归中,患者社会支持总分、是否住院和年龄进入肺结核患者生命质量得分方程（F＝6.342,P＜0.01）。结论　肺结核患者生命质量低于一般人群,且生命质量与社会支持有密切的相关性,社会支持是生命质量的影响因素,改善肺结核患者的社会支持将有助于改善生命质量。     

Subjective quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

The aim of this study was to (1) assess Subjective Quality of Life (SQOL) of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) using a generic concept and to compare the findings with those in groups with mental disorders and healthy subjects, and (2) investigate whether and, if so, to what extent socio-demographic and clinical variables predict SQOL in CFS patients. Seventy-three patients diagnosed with CFS were randomly selected and interviewed from two specialised clinics. CFS was diagnosed using the Oxford Criteria. SQOL was assessed on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) on the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (MOS) SF-36. A battery of mood and symptom questionnaires, including the Symptom Checklist Questionnaire (SCL-90-R), was administered to assess various aspects of symptomatology as potential predictor variables. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of SQOL. Overall, SQOL was low in CFS patients and less favourable than in groups with mental disorders and healthy subjects. Satisfaction was particularly low with life as a whole, leisure activities and financial situation. Whilst SQOL was only moderately correlated with HRQOL, the SCL-90-R score, especially SCL-90-R Depression scale score, was the best predictor of SQOL explaining 35% of the variance. HRQOL and generic SQOL appear distinct despite some overlap. The findings underline that SQOL is significantly disrupted in CFS patients. Depressive symptoms are statistically the strongest ‘predictor’ of SQOL, although the direction of the relationship is not established. These data suggest that treatment of depression associated with CFS, regardless of causation, could help to improve SQOL in CFS patients.     

A model of subjective quality of life for outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychoses

This study investigated predictors of quality of life among persons with schizophrenia and other psychoses. On the basis of previous research, it was hypothesised that objective life circumstances, self-variables, psychopathology, activity level, satisfaction with daily activities, and satisfaction with medical care would be determinants of quality of life. 134 persons were investigated, and the analysis was based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). A model with two quality of life variables, General quality of life and Security, fitted the data best. A self-variable, Sense of self, and Satisfaction with daily activities, Psychopathology, and Satisfaction with medical care served as mediators and explained the variation in the quality of life variables. External to the mediators, and related to these, were Activity level, Educational level, and Independent living. In conclusion, a self-variable showed the strongest association with quality of life, but two aspects that should be feasible to influence in mental health care, daily activity and medical care, contributed to the subjects self-rated quality of life. These results render a somewhat optimistic view on how to accomplish a better self-perceived quality of life among people with severe mental illness.     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者生活质量与心理资本、社会支持的相关性研究

目的 分析积极心理资本和社会支持对妇科肿瘤患者生活质量的影响,探索社会支持在心理资本与生命质量之间是否起中介作用。方法 以山东省肿瘤医院治疗的妇科恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象,采用积极心理资本问卷（PPQ）、社会支持量表（SSRS）以及癌症患者生活质量问卷（EORTC QLQ-C30）,使用统计软件SPSS进行描述性统计、独立样本t检验、方差分析、相关分析、多重线性回归分析。结果 患者生活质量较低,各功能领域中情绪、社会功能得分明显偏低;患者生活质量得分与心理资本、社会支持得分呈正相关（P＜0.05）;心理资本在社会支持和生活质量之间起部分中介作用。结论 社会支持、心理资本均能正向预测生活质量,其中社会支持既直接影响生活质量,也可通过心理资本间接对生活质量产生影响。     

优质护理对老年高血压患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨优质护理对老年高血压患者生活质量的影响。方法：选取88例老年高血压患者作为研究对象,将其随机分成对照组和护理干预组,每组44例,并对所有患者实施医疗护理,给予对照组按照常规方法进行治疗及护理,护理干预组则在常规护理的基础上实施优质护理干预;对两组患者的生活质量改善情况加以观察。结果：护理干预组的护理有效率为90.91%,对照组护理有效率为79.55%,两组数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;护理干预组患者的生活质量良好率为86.36%,对照组则为70.45%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：对老年高血压患者实施优质护理,可有效的提高患者的治疗依从性,使临床症状得到改善,有力的促进了患者生活质量的提高。     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及对患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及其对患者生活质量的影响。方法将62例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组，分别使用齐拉西酮和氯丙嗪治疗，齐拉西酮组32例，氯丙嗪组30例，疗程3个月。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效，采用治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应，以生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评定生活质量。结果两组均有显著疗效，齐拉西酮可显著提高生活质量。两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。氯丙嗪组不良反应比齐拉西酮组多。结论齐拉西酮和氯丙嗪对精神分裂症疗效相当，齐拉西酮不良反应较少，对提高患者生活质量的效果明显优于氯丙嗪。     

合肥市某社区2型糖尿病患者生活质量与社会支持的相关性研究

目的 了解合肥市某社区2型糖尿病患者生活质量与社会支持的现状,并探讨其相关性.方法 以合肥市某社区433例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,分别采用健康调查简表(the MOS item short from health survey, SF-36)和社会支持评定量表(social support rate scale,SSRS)对患者进行问卷调查.结果 2型糖尿病患者生活质量总分为(69.68±17.32)分,社会支持总分为(37.04±7.11)分,其中客观支持得分为(8.75±2.75)分,主观支持得分为(20.70 ±4.03)分,对支持的利用度为(7.60±1.99)分.相关性分析显示2型糖尿病患者生活质量和社会支持呈明显的相关性.多重线性回归分析显示,影响糖尿病患者生活质量的因素有:年龄、并发症和社会支持.结论 2型糖尿病患者的生活质量不容乐观,今后应积极采取措施,特别是改善社会支持来提高患者的生活质量.     

社会交往和自我效能感对老年人生存质量的影响

目的探讨社会交往和自我效能感对老年人生存质量的影响。方法采用WHOQOL-BREF生活质量测定量表和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)等工具对251名老年人进行评价。结果生理、心理、社会和环境领域的回归方程分别能够解释34.8%、26.00%、18.10%和23.10%的总变异。自我效能感高的老年人在各领域均具有较高的生存质量,年龄、性别和婚姻状况对生理领域的生存质量有明显影响,参加锻炼的老年人在生理和社会关系领域的生存质量高于不锻炼的老年人。社会交往越活跃,心理和社会关系领域的生存质量也越高。环境领域的生存质量随着平均月收入的增加而提高。结论增加老年人的自我效能感与社会交往有助于改善生存质量。     

安徽省艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人生活质量与社会支持典型相关分析

目的了解接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病人的生活质量和社会支持现况及其相关性。方法采用简明健康调查量表（the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36）和社会支持评定量表（social science research solutions,SSRS）对选定人群进行生活质量和社会支持的调查及典型相关分析。结果抗病毒治疗艾滋病病人生活质量和社会支持得分均低于一般人群（均有P〈0.05）。病人社会支持与生活质量之间存在典型相关关系（F=7.48,P〈0.001）。反映生活质量的第一典型变量V1主要由心理健康和情绪角色限制决定;反映社会支持的第一典型变量W1主要由主观支持和对支持的利用度决定。结论抗病毒治疗艾滋病病人生活质量差,社会支持水平低。病人获得的主观支持越多或对支持的利用度越高,则其心理健康状况越好;越少或越低,则由情感问题所造成的职能限制越大。