丁型肝炎病毒感染标志物在乙型肝炎病毒感染者中的检测研究

目的 通过检测和分析乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者中丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)感染标志物的分布状况及HBV感染相关指标关联性分析,阐述HDV感染标志物的检测在HBV-HDV重叠感染患者中的临床意义.方法 收集HBV感染者的一般资料和血样,通过酶联免疫分析法检测五项血清HBV感染免疫学标志物指标、HDVAg和Anti-HDV,结合临床诊断和生化指标进行分析,探讨指标间相关性.结果 收集确诊HBV感染者样本346例,其中乙型肝炎病毒携带者62例占17.9％,急性乙型肝炎8例占2.3％,慢性乙型肝炎147例占42.5％,慢性重型乙型肝炎4例占1.2％,乙型肝炎后肝硬化125例占36.1％;检出总体HDV感染率为4.6％,男性显著高于女性,慢性重型乙型肝炎的HDV感染率最高,为25.0％,HDV感染者肝损伤发生率较高.结论 重症肝病病例的HDV感染显著增高,提示HDV感染与肝病的严重程度相关,建议对肝病患者开展血清HDV感染标志物检查,鉴别是否存在HDV重叠感染.     

乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒在合并感染者中的相互作用

目的 了解HBV和HCV在合并感染的慢性肝病患者中相互作用的特点.方法 收集2006年1月～2007年10月在我院治疗的慢性肝病(包括HBV和HCV合并感染引起的慢性肝炎或肝硬化、肝炎后肝硬化、慢性乙型肝炎、慢性丙型肝炎)患者的肝穿病理样本及其血清.所有病例均常规检测肝功能,血清HBV DNA、血清HBV标志物、血清HCV RNA、抗-HCV;所有肝活检样本均用10%中性福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,作苏木精-伊红、Masson和网状纤维染色,并进行肝炎分级分期,HBsAg和HBcAg免疫组化,HBV DNA和HCV RNA原位杂交检测.结果 HBV和HCV合并感染的患者重型慢性肝炎(G4)发生率比HBV或HCV单独感染的患者高,分别为62.50%、27.05%和30.56%(P＜0.01).在HBV和HCV合并感染引起的慢性肝炎患者中,HBV DNA阳性率为4/32(12.5%),HCV RNA阳性率为24/32(75%),而HBV或HCV单独感染组分别为HBV DNA阳性107/122(87.7%)和HCV RNA阳性58/72(80.56%).结论 HBV和HCV合并感染可增加重型慢性肝炎的发生率.在HBV和HCV合并感染的患者中,HBV和HCV呈相互抑制的作用,主要表现为HCV对HBV的抑制.     

HIV对HIV/HCV共感染患者丙型肝炎病程进展的影响

目的 探讨HIV感染对HIV/HCV共感染患者病情进展的影响及免疫机制。方法 研究对象为28例HIV/HCV共感染者及12例HCV单独感染者。外周血生化检测及超声Fibro-Scan评估肝脏功能及纤维化程度,采用PCR-荧光探针法检测外周血HCV病毒载量,运用流式细胞技术检测外周血Treg/CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞百分率。结果 HIV/HCV共感染组ALT及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平分别为(76.16±81.248)U/L、(24.507 1±8.194)g/L,明显高于HCV单独感染组［(27.475 0±13.985) U/L、(16.966 7±7.189)g/L］,差异具有统计学意义,P值分别为0.012、0.009。HIV/HCV共感染组患者肝脏纤维化指标E值为5.950 0~5.825 0 Kpa,与 HCV单独感染患者(5.150 0~1.050 0 Kpa)相比有升高趋势,P=0.077。HIV/HCV共感染者、HCV单独感染者HCV载量及病毒清除率分别为(6.476 8~5.343 4)lg copy/ml及32.14%、(1.699 0~2.681 5)lg copy/ml及75.00%,HIV/HCV共感染组HCV载量明显高于HCV单独感染组,HCV清除率低于HCV单独感染组,P值分别为0.012及0.032。HIV/HCV 共感染组Treg/CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞百分率为(7.460 0%~2.287 5%),高于HCV单独感染组(5.965 0%~2.105 0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.032)。并且Treg/CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞百分率与HCV载量具有明显相关性(ρ=0.350,P=0.027),而HCV载量与肝脏纤维化程度E值存在相关性(ρ=0.487,P=0.001)。结论 HIV/HCV共感染加速丙型肝炎病情进展,而Treg细胞与丙型肝炎病情进展相关。     

有或无乙型肝炎血清学标志的慢性丙型肝炎患者中HBV感染的证据

随着敏感的抗-HCV检测方法的发展,已能确定HBV和HCV可同时感染,这有助于阐明HBsAg阳性慢性肝病患者自然病程中出现的某些现象。HBsAg阳性的慢性肝病病情加重不仅与自发性再活动和HDV重叠感染有关,而且也可能与HCV重叠感染有关。本文作者以聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测HBV DNA和HCV RNA,同时以标准血清学方法检测HBV和HCV标志,通过前瞻性病例对照研究,评价HBV感染对抗-HCV阳性慢性肝病的影响。 研究对象为57例抗-HCV阳性患者,按     

HIV感染者混合感染HBV、HCV的调查研究

目的分析常德市近13年来人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)状况及其预后,为揭示HIV、HBV、HCV混合感染规律,为HIV的预防、治疗及判断预后提供科学依据。方法按照国家标准检验方法对常德市120例HIV感染者进行CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞计数,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)检测,HBV五项、抗HCV检测,对检测结果做系统的比较和分析。结果120例HIV感染者中,以青壮年为主要人群,以性传播为主要感染方式;混合HCV、HBV感染者有71例,占所有HIV感染者的59.17%。混合感染中,男性明显多于女性(P<0.05),血液传播和静脉吸毒为主要的感染方式,且HIV/HCV,HIV/HBV/HCV混合感染的ALT、AST异常比例明显高于HIV单独感染(P<0.05),HIV/HBV、HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV/HCV三种感染模式的CD4 T淋巴细胞计数明显低于HIV单一感染(P<0.05)。结论HIV感染者混合感染HBV、HCV现状日趋严重,特别在经血液传播、静脉吸毒传播的男性HIV感染人群中更加明显。HIV与多种肝炎病毒合并感染可能加速肝脏和免疫系统的损害,导致更高的发病率和死亡率,影响HIV感染的进程及高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)。     

丁型病毒性肝炎的临床观察

[目的]　探讨丁型肝炎(HD)的临床特点,了解HD患者肝炎后肝硬化、重症肝炎的发生率。[方法]　用酶联(ELISA)法检测3460例乙型肝炎(HB)患者血清HDAg、抗HD-IgM,提出HB重叠HDV感染者的临床特点。[结果]　HDV的感染率7.2%,250例HDV感染者起病隐匿占43.6%,有HB家族史28.8%,有明确输血史14.8%,有多次肝炎复发史者占48.8%,肝炎后肝硬化达46.0%,重症肝炎发生率14.4%。病死率14.0%。HD患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率88.8%,提示HBV复制与HDV感染呈正相关。[结论]HD的肝硬化及重症肝炎发生率高于其他各型病毒性肝炎,HBV和HDV感染有相加或协同作用,导致肝损害加重并加速肝纤维化的形成。     

HIV感染者的血液学检测分析与研究

目的:对HIV感染者做相关的血液学检测,分析HIV感染者合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的现状及其预后,为揭示HIV、HBV、HCV混合感染的规律,为预防、治疗及判断HIV混合感染的预后提供科学依据.方法:按照国家检验标准,对我市120例HIV感染者进行CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞计数,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)检测,HBV五项、抗HCV检测,检测结果做相关性和差异性统计学分析.结果:120例HIV感染者中,合并HBV、HCV感染者71例,占所有HIV感染者的59.17%,其中合并HBV感染者50例,占HIV感染者的41.67%,合并HCV感染者39例,占HIV感染者32.5%.HIV/HBV、HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV/HCV 3种合并感染者的CD4 T淋巴细胞计数明显低于HIV单一感染者(P均＜0.05),HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV/HCV混合感染者的ALT、AST异常比例明显高于HIV单一感染(P均＜0.05).结论:HIV感染者合并HBV、HCV感染现状严重.HIV合并感染肝炎病毒后,可以加速肝脏和免疫系统的损害,导致HIV感染者更高的发病率和死亡率,加快HIV感染者疾病的进程,降低抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的效果,应引起更多的重视,尽早采取措施,提高HIV感染者的防治效果.     

原因不明性肝炎患者肝组织中病毒抗原及核酸的检测

目的探讨血清非甲—非庚肝病患者的病因学。方法采用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术对104例不明原因各型肝炎患者的肝组织进行肝炎病毒抗原和核酸的检测。结果病毒抗原和核酸的总检出率为85.6%，其中单纯HBV感染率为6.73%，HCV为0.96%，单纯HGV感染率为14.42%，单纯TTV感染患者占10.58%，各种重叠感染者占52.88%(55/104)，仍有14.42%(15/104)病因不明。结论血清非甲—非庚肝病患者肝组织中以HBV、HCV或/和HGV、TTV重叠感染较多，仍有部分病因不明。     

珠海市乙型肝炎病毒和丁型肝炎病毒混合感染调查及分子特征研究

目的 了解广东省珠海市乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus, HBV）和丁型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis Delta virus, HDV）混合感染现状,及HBV基因型和S基因表达的关系。方法 收集广东省珠海市2017年9月至2019年2月HBV感染者血清样本558份,同时采用ELISA法和荧光PCR法检测HDV抗体和核酸,用PCR扩增和测序法获得HBV部分S基因序列,用MEGA 6.0软件构建进化树对HBV基因定型,并分析S蛋白功能区表达。结果 从558份HBV感染者血清样本中检出2份HDV病例,HDV感染率0.36%;HBV优势基因型为C型和B型,2份HBV/HDV混合感染样HBV基因型为C型,与HBV单独感染样位于同一进化簇,并在第146位和第194~201位氨基酸处保守。结论 广东省珠海市HBV感染者中HDV感染处于低水平;2例HBV/HDV混合感染样HBV基因型为C型,为珠海市优势基因型,HBV S蛋白未发现氨基酸变异。     

宁波市梅毒感染者混合乙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒及丙型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的对宁波市TP感染者混合乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)及丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染情况进行回顾性研究,为临床防治提供有效依据。方法收集2016年-2018年本院2 398例抗TP阳性患者一般资料及其HBs Ag、抗HIV及抗HCV检测结果,按性别、年龄、户籍、年份进行分组,对混合感染者情况进行分析。结果共271例存在混合感染(11.30%),其中TP/HBV混合感染219例(9.13%)、TP/HIV混合感染21例(0.88%)、TP/HCV混合感染15例(0.62%),TP/HBV/HCV/混合感染16例(0.67%);男性TP/HBV、TP/HIV、TP/HBV/HCV混合感染率均高于女性(P 0.05);宁波籍TP/HBV混合感染率高于非宁波籍,TP/HIV混合感染率低于非宁波籍(P 0.05);21岁～40岁TP/HIV混合感染率较高,41岁～60岁TP/HBV混合感染率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);2016年-2018年混合感染率差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论宁波市梅毒感染者中有11.3%存在混合感染,男性多于女性,以TP/HBV类型为主,41岁～60岁年龄段居多,2016年以来TP患者混合HIV、HCV、HBV感染情况未出现较大波动。     

Incidence of hepatitis B, C and D infection in chronic liver diseases]

The authors tested hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, IgM anti-HBc, HBe, anti-HBe), C (anti-HCV) and D (anti-HD, IgM anti-HD) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by Sorin Biomedica RIA and Abbott ELISA kits. On the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-HCV, 52.5% of the patients were HBV marker seropositive and 11.2% of the HBV seropositive cases were anti-HD seropositive. In 2% of the cases seropositivity of all the three viruses was proved. In 26% of the patients seropositivity of two viruses (HBV and HCV, or HBV and HDV) was proved. They observed severe, progressing liver diseases in patients with HBV, HCV and HDV marker seropositivity in a higher ratio than in seronegative patients. In the cases of combined virus marker seropositivity the incidence rate of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was higher than in only HBV marker seropositive patients, but did not differ significantly from those only anti-HCV seropositive. In the cases of fought-off HBV infection the severity of the liver disease was milder than in the cases of replication and integration stage. Anti-HD seropositivity occurred in all stages of HBV infection, but active HDV infection, in most of the cases, was observed only in cases in the integration stage. Anti-HCV seropositivity was observed mainly in the fought-off HBV infection stage. Their results suggest that HCV infection, like HDV infection, may suppress HBV replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

各型病毒性肝炎、肝癌抗—HCV检测及HCV感染与输血的关系

本文对各型病毒性肝炎、肝癌２００例进行血清抗－ＨＶＣ检测，阳性率为２０．５％，以重型肝炎和肝硬化检出率为高，分别为４２．８６５、４６．１５％，二者与其他型肝炎相比，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。输血后肝炎抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为６７．５％，健康献血员抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．４７％，而输血后乙型肝炎仅占２．５％。说明输血是造成丙型肝炎传播的重要途径，因此，对献血员应进行严格筛选。观察表明，ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ双     

Hepatitis B,C, and D Virus Infections and AFP Tumor Marker Prevalence Among the Elderly Population in Mongolia: A Nationwide Survey

ObjectivesInfections with hepatitis B, C, and D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV) are a major public health problem and lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HDV immunoglobulin G, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and dual and triple hepatitis virus infections in Mongolia.MethodsA total of 2313 participants from urban and rural regions were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis virus infections, and the seromarkers were measured using immunoassay kits.ResultsAmong all participants, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV was 15.6%, 36.6%, and 14.3%, respectively. The infection rates were significantly higher in females and participants with a lower education level, rural residence, older age, and a history of blood transfusion. HBV and HCV co-infection was found in 120 (5.2%) participants and HBV, HCV, and HDV triple infection was detected in 67 (2.9%) participants. The prevalence of elevated AFP was 2.7%, 5.5%, and 2.6% higher in participants who were seropositive for HBsAg (p=0.01), anti-HCV (p<0.001), and anti-HDV (p=0.022), respectively. Elevated AFP was more prevalent in participants co-infected with HBV and HCV (5.8%, p=0.023), HBV and HDV (6.0%, p<0.001), and triple-infected with HBV, HCV, and HDV (7.5%) than in uninfected individuals.ConclusionsNearly half (49.8%) of the study population aged ≥40 years were infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, and 22.4% had dual or triple infections.     

Epidemiology and clinical outcome of hepatitis D virus infection in Turkey

The prevalence, the epidemiology, the clinical and biochemical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection were studied in patients with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis, in those with chronic liver disease, and in apparently healthy carriers in Turkey.Fifty-eight of the 242 carriers of HBsAg (23.9%) and 31 of the 237 (13.1%) patients with acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis had serological evidence of HDV infection. Eleven of these individuals were HBsAg carriers with acute HDV superinfection. The prevalence of HDV infection was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in patients with chronic liver disease (54/165; 32.7%) than in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg (4/77; 5.2%). The highest prevalence (26/57; 45.6%) of HDV infection was found in patients at high risk of acquiring hepatitis virus infection (health care workers, hemodialysis patients, polytransfused patients) with chronic liver disease.Whereas the frequency of severe or fulminant hepatitis was similar in HBV infected patients (7.8%) and in HBV/HDV coinfected individuals (10%), the frequency of biphasic hepatitis was significantly (p < 0.005) higher in the latter patients (30%) than in those with classical hepatitis B (7.8%). Chronic evolution of the disease was observed in 3.9% of the patients with classical hepatitis B and in 5% of those who had evidence of simultaneous HBV/HDV infection. The 10 carriers of HBsAg who survived the acute HDV superinfection developed chronic delta hepatitis.These findings indicate that HDV is endemic in Turkey and that its prevalence is highest among chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis patients, implicating HDV as a major cause of liver disease among urban Turkis.Corresponding author.     

Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela.

To define better the epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in less developed countries, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 216 Yucpa Indian HBV carriers in Venezuela. HBV carriers were followed regularly between 1983 and 1988 by physical examination, laboratory testing for liver enzymes and HBV and HDV markers, and epidemiologic history. Among the cohort, 74 (34%) were initially positive for HDV infection, and 35 additional persons became infected during the study. Risk factors for new HDV infection included living in southern Yucpa villages; being young adults (15-19 years) or young children (1-9 years), and living in a household with a person with acute HDV infection. Persons with HDV infection were at high risk of developing chronic liver disease; 56% of HDV-infected persons had moderate-to-severe chronic liver disease at the end of the study compared with none of the HBV carriers without HDV infection. Mortality rates were 6.9% and 8.8% per year, respectively, among initially HDV-positive HBV carriers and those with new HDV infection, because of rapidly progressive chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatitis; mortality was significantly lower in HBV carriers without HDV infection and in non-HBV carriers. HDV superinfection is a devastating disease in HBV carriers in tropical South America. Prevention of HBV infection with hepatitis B vaccine is the best available tool to reduce the impact of this problem.     

Prevalence of HBV,HDV and HCV hepatitis markers in HIV-positive patients

Since HIV infection could condition the natural history of parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV, HDV), with possibly differing effects in different risk groups, we decided to retrospectively examine sera from a cohort of 637 HIV seropositive patients in different stages of infection, seen from 1985 to 1992, to study the prevalence and temporal course of these infections. Virological markers of HBV, HCV and HDV were determined by ELISA and RIBA methods. The severity of HIV infection was higher in homosexuals than in drug addicts. Prevalence of antiHBc antibodies was 82% in drug addicts and 77% in homosexuals, whereas antiHCV antibodies prevalence was 72% in drug addicts and only 7% in homosexuals (p<0.000001). When only antiHBc-positive patients were considered, there was a significant difference in antiHBs antibodies between drug addicts (DA) and homosexuals (OR for DA 0.29, 95% CI 0.08/0.83,p=0.02), suggesting that drug addicts are less able to produce a protective response. This fact cannot be explained by the severity of HIV infection (which was higher among the homosexual group) and suggests some immunodepressive effect of drug abuse. Delta infection was only detected in the drug addict group, and the prevalence was low. Finally, we cannot confirm the interference of HCV infection with the speed of HBsAg clearance: in this study the prevalence of HBsAg was almost the same in HCV-positive and negative patients.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性单采浆献血员HCV及HDV感染的调查

对ＨＢｓＡｇ的１２７例阳性单采浆献血员及１５２例非献血员的血清学调查发现，抗－ＨＣＶ检出率分别为４１．７％（５２／１２７）、２．６％（４／１５２），ＨＤＡｇ检出率分别为７９％（１０／１２７）、１．３％（２／１５２）；病毒性肝炎的现患率分别为１８．１％（２３／１２７）、４６％（７／１５２）。流行病学研究表明，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性单采浆献血员中较高的ＨＣＶ和ＨＤＶ感染率以及肝炎的高现患率是因在单采浆还输血球过程中交叉感染引起的。     

肝炎病毒在朝鲜族原发性肝癌发生中相互作用的分析

采用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对１１２例延边地区朝鲜族原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）患者血清进行了乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ和ＨＤＶ）的检测。结果,ＰＨＣ组ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染率显著高于对照组,ＯＲ值分别为２２．３３和６．２０;合并ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ混合感染的ＯＲ值为８５．８７,其相对超额危险度为３６．３１。其中６１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性肝癌的ＨＤＶ血清标志检出率２６．２２％,明显高于６５例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性的肝炎对照组。提示ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染在朝鲜族ＰＨＣ的发生中有显著的病因协同作用;且ＨＢＶ、ＨＤＶ的混合感染可能促进肝脏疾病的恶化     

肿瘤患者肝炎病毒感染分析

目的以2070例肿瘤患者为研究对象,分析其乙型肝炎(HBV)及丙型肝炎(HCV)感染率,研究HBV及HCV感染与恶性肿瘤的关系。方法采用回顾性分析方法,按肿瘤类别、年龄和性别进行分组,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果肝癌的HBV、HCV及混合感染的感染率最高,分别为82.87%、6.71%和4.86%;45～55岁年龄段HBV及HCV单项感染率最高,为22.26%、3.71%;而55～65岁年龄段HBV及HCV混合感染率最高,为2.91%;肝癌及胃癌HBV和HCV单项感染率男性高于女性,而肺癌及结肠癌HBV及HCV单项感染率男性低于女性,肝癌及结肠癌的HBV及HCV混合感染率男性高于女性,肺癌及胃癌则男性低于女性。结论肝癌的HBV、HCV及混合感染的感染率最高;在HBV及HCV单项感染情况下,45～55岁年龄段感染率最高并且男性高于女性。