加州大学旧金山分校临床药学教育课程设置及其启示

美国是临床药学的发源地和高等临床药学教育的创始者,其临床药学教育已经成为许多国家高等临床药学教育的范本.加州大学旧金山分校的临床药学教育,在全美药学院校中排名第一.本文在解读加州大学旧金山分校的临床药学教育课程设置的基础上,分析了其课程特点及其对我国高等临床药学教育的启示.

Abstract：

USA is known worldwide as leaders and innovators in higher clinical pharmacy education and research. The doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program has been served as the model for others countries. The top-ranked PharmD program is offered in the United States by the School of Pharmacy at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In this paper, the curriculum setting of PharmD in UCSF has been analyzed. On the basis of analysis, its revelations to us are discussed.     

循证医学在医学检验教学中的应用

循证医学本是一种新的临床医学模式,其理念和方法已经扩展到整个医学教育领域.七年制临床医学专业(医学检验方向)是为培养高层次医学检验医师而设立的新专业方向,在医学检验中引入循证医学理念具有重要意义.本文对循证医学原则在提高学生临床检验技能、培养学生科研创新能力、教会学生终身主动学习以及提高医学检验在临床实践中的地位等方面的应用进行了初步探讨.

Abstract：

Evidence-based medicine(EBM) is a new model of clinical medicine and its concepts and methods are extend to the field of medical education. Seven-year laboratory medicine program is a new professional, which is to train high-level laboratory examination physician. EBM is of great significance in laboratory medicial education. This article reviewed the principles of EMB in improving the students clinical examination skills, the students innovation ability, the students life-long learning habits and improving the status of laboratory medicine in clinical practice.     

南京医科大学七年制临床医学专业人才培养效果评价

通过对毕业生及其培养或用人单位的问卷调查,本文分析了南京医科大学七年制临床医学专业人才培养的成效,以及江苏省医疗卫生事业发展对高层次医学人才的需求.结果 显示,临床实践能力和科研创新能力是医疗卫生事业发展所需要的高层次医学人才的重要能力;在三级甲等医院工作,具有硕士/博士学位、在专业技术岗位的被调查者更加看重医学生的科研创新能力;而在"1年通识教育、4年医学专业教育(含1年临床课程及见习、1年临床通科实习)、2年二级学科轮转"模式下培养的七年制临床医学专业毕业生的临床实践能力较强,但是科研创新能力不足,且学业负担偏重.因此,应当加强对七年制临床医学专业学生科研创新能力的培养和临床实践能力的通科训练.

Abstract：

An evaluation of 7-year medical education program in Nanjing Medical University was performed via questionnaire survey to the graduates and the staff of hospitals in which the graduates work,and the demand for advanced quality of medical graduates in the field of medical health care in Jiangsu Province is further analyzed. The results showed that the capacity for clinical practice and the capacity for research and innovation are the most important, which can meet the demands of health service development for high-level medical talents. The staff working in advanced hospitals, possessing master or doctor degree,or working as medical experts put more emphasis on the ability of the graduates to do innovative scientific research. Through the completed procedure of the 7-year program includes college general education for 1 year, medical education for 4 years ( containing senior clinical clerkship for 1 year and internship for 1 year) and alternation for medical and surgery subspecialties for 2 years, the graduates showed higher ability to do clinical practice, but not showed the growth of capacity for research and innovation. The most staff investigated proposed an enhancement in training for the capacity for innovative research and general clinical practice.     

八年制《生理学》教材使用效果的调查

为了解八年制临床医学专业<生理学>教材的使用效果,本研究随机选取使用该教材完成生理学课程学习的中南大学湘雅医学院2005级八年制临床医学专业30名学生进行了问卷调查,了解学生关于教材总体编写情况、内容设置、各章节编写、配套教辅书籍等方面的意见,并收集各小组讨论会的反馈信息.研究结果表明,学生普遍认同八年制<生理学>教材在新理论、新实验技术、科研前沿知识介绍、学科交叉和联系等方面的编写模式,同时也提出了一些修改意见.

Abstract：

In this article, the teaching efficacy of the first edition of physiology textbook for eightyear medical students was investigated. 30 students in grade 2005, eight-year medical program were randomly selected. They have already finished physiology course. A questionnaires about its contents, organizations, reference teaching material as well as the overall compile condition were designed and the investigation information were collected in each class after a panel discussion. The results showed that most students felt satisfied with the innovation framework of the physiology textbook with new experiment technology , frontier research and knowledge introduce, interdisciplinarity. Meanwhile, some amendments suggestions also puts forward to the subsequent revision.     

药学研究型创新人才培养模式的研究与实践

药学研究型创新人才的培养是推动我国医药领域自主创新的原动力,研究型创新人才的培养是研究型大学的根本使命.北京大学药学院以六年制药学专业学硕连读学生为研究对象,结合国内外创新人才培养的发展趋势,从课程体系、管理机制、实践训练和育人环境等方面,探索了药学研究型创新人才的培养模式.

Abstract：

This paper introduces the importance of educating research-oriented innovative talents for pharmacy. Based on the new trend of educating creative talents from some developed countries, the paper illustrates 6-year research-oriented innovative talents training program combining bachelor's degree(BA)with master's degree(MA)in School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Peking University.     

特色专业视野下临床医学专业建设的探索与实践

在深化医疗卫生体制改革、促进医疗卫生事业发展中,临床医学专业人才发挥着重要的作用.根据特色专业建设的目标和原则,参照国家医学教育标准,结合社会需求和教学实际,南华大学医学院调整临床医学专业人才培养目标和专业方向,突出医学人文教育和临床技能培养,强化学科建设和优秀团队建设,创新教学模式和教学方法,以期提高专业人才的培养质量.

Abstract：

The clinical medical profession als play great roles in deepening the reform of medical system and promoting the development of medical and health services. According to the goals and principles of the program construction and national standards in medical education, combined with social needs and practical teaching, Medical School of University of South China adjusted the personnel training target and direction of professional education and emphasis on medical humanities, clinical skills, strengthening discipline construction and excellent team construction, innovating teaching model and teaching method, in the hope of improving the quality of talent cultivation.     

五年制临床医学专业《神经病学》考试试卷分析与思考

为了衡量学生对知识的掌握程度、评估教学效果,提高教学质量,对该校2006级五年制临床医学<神经病学>专业考试试卷进行分析.结果显示:平均成绩为87.29分,标准差为7.90.考生成绩呈偏态分布.试卷的整体难度为0.78,区分度为0.19,信度为0.59.说明本套试卷具有可靠性,但整体偏易,不能够很好地区分学生的水平.因此,在以后命题时应适当调整试题的难度,保证试卷的质量和试题的科学性,以便科学地评价教学质量.

Abstract：

In order to understand the students'knowledge mastery,assess teaching effects and improve the quality of teaching,this article analyzed the test papers of Neurology among the five-year program clinical medicine students of Grade 2006 in our College.The results indicated that the mean score of the exam was 87.29 with a standard deviation of 7.90.The distribution was negatively skewed.The degree of difficulty was 0.78 and the discrimination is 0.19.The reliability was 0.59.It demonstrated that the test papers had a good reliability,the design of the test papers was too easy and could not reasonablely discriminate the degree in evaluating the students'mastery of the course.Therefore,we shoud pay attention to appropriate difficulty and ensare quality in preparing test papers to scientifically evaluate teaching quality.     

双语教学在妇产科学教学中的应用效果

为了解妇产科学双语教学的实施效果,对大连大学附属中山医院五年制临床医学专业39名学生进行了问卷调查.结果 显示,学生英语基础、师资队伍素质、英语教材以及教学组织形式对双语教学的效果有所影响.妇产科学双语教学需要进一步规范化.

Abstract：

In order to improve the teaching effect of obstetrics and gynecology a questionnaire survey among medical students was carried out in the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University to know the views and the suggestions of bilingual teaching in obstetrics and gynecology. Through analysis, it showed that the effect of bilingual teaching was influenced by student's English level, the teachers' quality, teaching materials and the teaching arrangement.     

高等医学教育中营养学课程设置的探讨

高等医学教育中涉及营养学的教学内容在不同专业中差别较大,对于临床医学专业,教学内容少,深度亦不够,教学质量难以保证,主要原因在于营养学课程在高等医学教育中的重要性尚未得到充分的肯定.营养学课程的设置是必要的也是可行的,应当注重临床医学专业学生的营养学教育,充实教学内容,加强临床实践,不断提高教学质量.

Abstract：

The teaching contents about nutrition are different among majors in higher medical education.For clinical medicine,because of little content and inadequate profundity, teaching quality is hard to be ensured. The main reason is that the importance of nutriology in higher medical education hasn't been confirmed sufficiently.In fact course offering of nutriology is necessary and feasible. To improve teaching quality, nutrition education for clinical medicine should be emphasized by means of enriching teaching materials and enhancing clinical practice.     

Where are we with the National Program for Information Technology （NpfIT） in the United Kingdom？

To the Editor:The National Health Service (NHS) in England launched a national program called National Program for IT (NpflT) in June 2000 after recognizing the need for a comprehensive update of NHS IT systems.The central element of the program is the national electronic health record from 'the cradle to the grave' for every citizen of England.The program was original scheduled (now changed through change and contract amendment) to be rolled out in four phases over a period of eight years,having started in April 2002,and due to end in December 2010.     

七年制临床医学专业(药学方向)学生“三段式”毕业实习的探索

为了提高临床医学专业(药学方向)学生的培养质量,使学生更好地掌握临床医学知识、药学知识与科研写作的技能,培养学生临床药学的实际工作能力,山东大学对七年制临床医学专业(药学方向)学生实施了“三段式”毕业实习的教学改革探索.本文对“三段式”毕业实习进行了详细阐述,包括临床轮转实习、临床药学实习、毕业专题(定向)实习的时间安排、方式与内容、性质与任务、基本要求以及导师组成、专题实习选题、毕业论文的质量要求等.通过“三段式”毕业实习,使培养的学生更加符合临床药师工作的实际需要.此外,本文还就当前我国临床药学人才的培养模式、存在的问题和困难、面临的发展机遇和挑战以及临床药师的工作与定位,提出了思考与建议.     

临床医生对药事服务费认知状况的调查分析

目的：调查临床医生对药事服务费的认知状况,为决策者制订药事服务费细则和方案提供科学依据。方法：自制调查问卷,采用普查的方法对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院全院临床医生进行调查,运用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：不同职称的临床医生对药事服务费政策和重要作用的认识程度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同学历的临床医生对各项问题的认知差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：职称高低影响对政策的认知,认知并不代表认可,现行的分配体制并未完全体现临床医生的劳动价值,药事服务费是临床医生和药师期待用来弥补其药事服务价值的重要项目。     

本科药事管理专业课程体系建设研究

介绍了沈阳药科大学本科药事管理专业课程体系建设的情况。从该专业的设立背景出发,结合学科特点,提出药事管理专业课程体系设置应遵循的五条基本原则,阐述了课程设置的具体情况以及下一步工作设想。     

顺应时代要求发展临床药学教育

随着我国经济的快速发展和医疗体制改革的不断深入,以服务病人为中心的药学监护工作模式和以合理用药为核心的临床药学工作,已成为新时期医院药学工作的主要内容.但由于我国临床药学教育的滞后,合格的临床药师目前较为缺乏,这也成为制约医院药学工作模式转变的瓶颈.所以,应以培养顺应时代要求的临床应用型药学人才为主要目标,加快发展临床药学教育,促进药学学科发展.     

加州大学旧金山分校临床药学教育课程设置及其启示

美国是临床药学的发源地和高等临床药学教育的创始者,其临床药学教育已经成为许多国家高等临床药学教育的范本.加州大学旧金山分校的临床药学教育,在全美药学院校中排名第一.本文在解读加州大学旧金山分校的临床药学教育课程设置的基础上,分析了其课程特点及其对我国高等临床药学教育的启示.     

复合应用型临床药学专业人才培养方案的构建与实施

为达到培养复合应用型临床药学人才的目的,通过对临床药学专业人才的需求分析,构建了复合应用型药学专业人才培养方案,提出了以培养医药兼备,能够从事临床合理用药、治疗药物检测、新药临床评价及临床药学研究等方面工作的复合应用型药学人才培养的基本建设思路,并就方案的实施,在课程体系的优化、教学内容改革、教学方法改革、实验教学的改革及临床和药学实践能力的培养五个方面进行了对策研究。     

兴趣原则在药学专业本科毕业设计中的实践

针对当今药学生特点和毕业设计教学现状,倡导以兴趣原则贯穿整个教学始终,摸索出明确学习目的、制定切实可行的实习计划和学生自己选择指导教师等六项培养方案,并进行了实践性探索.旨在提高教学质量,培养能够适应社会需求并具有自主创新能力的药学人才.     

临床药学专业毕业实习模式实践

临床药学在我国是个新兴的专业.结合临床药学专业特点和办学经验,从更新观念、实习规划、实习安排、实习监控、实习考核、毕业反馈等几个方面进行阐述,提出了一套适合本专业五年制本科生培养目标的实习模式.     

静脉配置中心信息系统的建设与应用

目的：建立满足静脉药物配置中心的专用管理软件。方法：在原有的药房程序上进行二次开发,并嵌入合理用药软件,研究和开发了静脉配置中心信息系统。结果：静脉药物配置中心系统具有静脉药物自动审查、患者信息共享等特色功能,提高了配置中心的工作效率和正确率,加强了药物的监控管理,促进了全院合理用药的意识。结论：该系统的运行,避免了不合理用药的发生,有效降低了患者的医药费用,而在临床药学方面的拓展功能,为临床药学服务提供了良好的平台。