cDNA代表性差异分析法分离鼻咽癌上皮细胞株HNE1表达差异cDNA序列的初步研究

目的寻找鼻咽癌中差异性表达基因，包括与鼻咽癌发病相关的候选抑瘤基因。方法应用ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法（ＲＤＡ），分离原代培养的正常人鼻咽上皮细胞与鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＮＥ１中差异表达的ｃＤＮＡ序列，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交被用来分析差异性表达产物的来源，最后，将这些序列克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔｅａｓｙ载体中，并用链终止法测序。结果在第４轮杂交及扩增反应后，获得４条差异性条带。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明，这些差异性片段来自作为“检测”扩增子的正常人鼻咽上皮，在鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＮＥ１中不表达或表达降低。序列分析这些差异性片段的克隆，发现一些序列是与已知基因高度同源的基因，包括一些看家基因；另有一些基因则为新基因序列。结论鼻咽癌的发生是一个多基因参与的过程，所获得的差异性片段中，与之同源的一些已知基因具有抑瘤功能。     

应用基因芯片技术对Graves病免疫相关基因的研究

应用基因芯片技术研究Graves病 (GD )和正常成人甲状腺组织免疫相关基因的差异表达。分别用Cy5和Cy3两种不同的荧光染料通过逆转录反应将GD组和对照组甲状腺组织的mRNA分别标记成探针 ,并与载有一组靶基因的基因表达谱芯片进行杂交。通过扫描荧光强度 ,计算机软件分析 ,寻找两组差异表达基因。GD组和正常对照组之间共筛选出 80条差异表达基因 ,其中表达增加的基因有 31条 (2 0倍以上 ) ,表达降低的基因有 4 9条 (0 5倍以下 )。基因表达谱芯片筛选GD与正常成人甲状腺组织差异表达基因具有样品用量少、高速度、高敏感、高通量等特性。通过筛选所得差异基因提示GD的发病涉及细胞因子、受体信号转导等多个方面 ,为进一步阐明GD的发病机制提供新线索。     

肝癌组织差异表达基因cDNA序列的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选并鉴定肝癌组织特异表达基因。方法：通过菌落原位杂交技术筛选用抑制消减杂交法构建肝癌与癌旁肝组织差异表达基因消减cDNA文库，用PCR方法进一步筛选出有插入片段的阳性克隆，将阳性克隆进行DNA测序和同源性比较分析，用Northern印迹方法对新的cDNA序列进行初步鉴定。结果：从消减文库中随机挑取的100个白色克隆中筛选出13个阳性克隆，DNA测序获得11个不同的cDNA序列；同源性比较分析表明，6个cDNA片段与在基因高度同源，5个cDNA片段为新的序列。其长度大于300bp的3个新序列，Norther印迹证实它都来源于肝癌组织。结论：用抑制消减杂交方法构建的肝癌差异表达基因消减cDNA文库富含肝癌特异表达基因，经验证的3个新的cDNA序列可能为肝癌特异的基因序列。     

The pattern of differentially expressed genes in biliary atresia

Biliary atresia is a progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, but the etiology of this disorder remains uncertain. Identifying genes specifically expressed in biliary atresia and analyzing the pattern of expression may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Liver tissues were taken from a recipient with biliary atresia and a normal donor during liver transplantation. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and reversely transcribed to cDNA. Then radiolabeled cDNA probe pools were made by random primed DNA labeling method and used for screening of differentially expressed genes by hybridizing with expressed sequence tags (EST) dot blot panel. Northern blot hybridization was done to confirm that these genes are also differentially expressed in other liver tissues. Among 1730 EST clones, 26 cDNA clones were significantly overexpressed in biliary cirrhosis, while 2 clones were significantly decreased in biliary atresia. By Northern blot hybridization, the results of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and IGFBP-2 were well correlated with differential EST screening (DES). This study identified the pattern of differentially expressed genes in the biliary cirrhosis due to biliary atresia using DES technique.     

小脑颗粒神经元凋亡差异表达基因的分离克隆研究

目的筛选分离低钾诱导的小脑颗粒细胞凋亡的差异表达基因。方法采用低钾处理的小脑颗粒细胞,抽提细胞总RNA,用荧光法mRNA差异显示技术分离差异表达基因,并对差异表达基因片段进行回收、克隆,经反向RNA印迹及RT鄄PCR技术验证。结果发现51条差异片段,成功克隆8个片段,其中2个未知功能的基因片段证实在低钾诱导的小脑颗粒细胞凋亡中表达增加。结论mRNA差异显示法是分离差异表达基因的一个良好的工具,分离出的差异基因与神经细胞凋亡有关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞基因表达谱的研究

目的 分析慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞差异表达基因，探索慢性乙型肝炎形成的分子机制。方法 应用含14000条人体cDNA的微阵列芯片和来自外周血单个核细胞的标记cDNA，分析了10例慢性乙型肝炎患者和10例健康人基因表达谱。通过应用GenePix 4000B扫描仪和ImaGene3．0分析软件比较cy5标记的慢性乙型肝炎来源cDNA与Cy3标记的健康人来源cDNA的杂交结果，获得个体基因的相对表达比值。结果 在分析的14000条基因中，差异表达的基因有92条，占0．66％。其中51条基因表达水平显著上调，41条基因表达水平显著下调。这些差异表达的基因主要为细胞信号转导，细胞周期和代谢，凋亡及炎症相关类基因。结论 在乙型肝炎病毒致慢性乙型肝炎过程中，涉及到了众多基因的差异表达，为进一步阐明慢性乙型肝炎形成的分子机制提供基础。     

cDNA microarray-based analysis of differentially expressed genes in transgenic brains expressing NSE-controlled APPsw

cDNA microarray technique has been widely used for the detection and elucidation of differentially expressed genes on a large scale and at a speed never before possible. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the potentially overexpressed effects of APPsw on the modulation of genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is central to understanding the complexity of AD. APPsw transgenic mice, which we previously produced, provide an important resource for identifying differentially expressed genes since this transgenic line was shown to have cognitive deficits along with Abeta-42 deposits at 12 months of age. To identify differentially expressed genes, cDNA microarray technique was conducted to get a large-scale screening of brain mRNA from 18 month-old NSE/APPsw transgenic and non-transgenic mice. A total of 52 differentially expressed genes, 10 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated, were found in the brains of moderately transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic littermates. Thus, the results suggest the need for future studies on gene functions, pathology, toxicogenomics, and pharmacogenomics.     

常染色体显性多囊肾组织差异表达基因的初步研究

目的应用基因芯片技术及最新公共数据库，筛选常染色体显性多囊肾组织中差异表达的基因，对其进行功能分类，并对其中1条基因利用原位杂交技术进行验证。方法将代表8398条人类基因的PCR产物制成基因芯片。将等量的多囊肾组织和正常肾组织mRNA分别用Cy5、Cy3荧光标记，逆转录合成cDNA探针，混合后与上述基因芯片杂交。扫描杂交信号荧光强度，找出差异表达基因，对获得的基因进行分子生物信息学分析。并对其中的上调表达基因IGF1 mRNA进行原位杂交，验证基因芯片结果的准确性。结果（1）在进入研究的8398条基因中，共发现357条差异表达基因。94条基因在多囊肾组织中低表达，263条基因高表达；（2）上调表达基因主要属于原癌基因，细胞骨架蛋白和运动相关蛋白，凋亡相关蛋白，细胞信号和传递蛋白，细胞因子；下调表达基因主要属于抑癌基因，DNA结合、转录和转录因子，细胞信号和传递蛋白，参与代谢的基因；（3）IGF1 mRNA原位杂交结果与芯片结果一致。结论基因表达谱芯片可快速、高效地筛选差异表达基因；多囊肾病的发生、发展中存在着多种不同功能基因表达调控的改变。     

热适应差异表达基因消减文库的筛选

目的：研究热适应大鼠的肝细胞基因差异表达，探讨热适应的分子机制。 方法： 构建热适应差异表达基因消减文库［1］，扩增并克隆T/A载体形成重组质粒，转化感受态细胞后分离获得目的基因，采用PCR-select differential screening技术筛选差异表达基因，测序后所得序列与GenBank中的已知序列进行比对，确定其可能的功能。 结果： 确认8个上调表达基因，与GenBank中已知序列进行比较，证实其中有3种已知基因，5个新序列表达标签（EST）。 结论： 相关基因表达水平上调可能参与生物体热适应的信号转导通路，而p53可能是热适应分子环路的又一节点。     

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in early- and late-stage APPsw-transgenic and normal mice using cDNA microarray

The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made it difficult to examine its underlying mechanism. A gene microarray offers a solution to the complexity through a parallel analysis of most of the genes expressed in the brains from AD-transgenic mice. In our previous study, a total of 52 differentially expressed genes were identified in 18-month-old APPsw-transgenic mice compared to age-matched normal mice. We extended our work to better understand the relevant gene profiles from both early- and late-stage transgenic and normal mice. To accomplish this, cDNA microarray was used with the large-scale screening of the brain mRNA from transgenic and normal mice of 1 and 18 months of age. We identified a total of 48 genes, 6 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated, differentially expressed with a significant degree of induction and reduction in the brains from moderate 18-month-old transgenic mice compared to 1-month-old transgenic mice. In parallel, a total of 40 differentially expressed genes, 6 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated, were also found in the brains from moderate 18-month-old normal mice compared to 1-month-old normal mice. Thus, differentially expressed genes upon APPsw overexpression and the aging process are useful targets through which investigators can choose genes of particular interest. In the future, it will be necessary to study the function of differentially expressed genes, which are targets for developing drugs, using pharmacoproteomics.     

Global analysis of differentially expressed genes in early gestational decidua and chorionic villi using a 9600 human cDNA microarray

The global gene expression profiles of the decidua and chorionic villi of early human pregnancies were analysed by using cDNA microarray technology. Decidual and villous placental tissues were obtained from first trimester abortus and mRNA was extracted for cDNA microarray analysis. The human cDNA microarray [9600 clones, including known regulatory genes and expressed sequence tags (EST)] with colorimetric detection was used to identify differentially expressed genes between early gestational decidua and villi. According to cDNA microarray analysis, we have identified 641 genes with highly expressed mRNA in both decidua and villi, 49 genes with higher expressions in decidua, and 75 genes with higher expression in chorionic villi. These differentially expressed genes were further grouped into categories by their putative functions, including: cell growth-related factors, hormones/cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, signal transduction molecules, apoptosis-related factors, cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix proteins, and EST. Immunohistochemical stainings of cathepsin L, leukaemia inhibitory factor-receptor, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen showed results consistent with the microarray data. Identification of the differentially expressed genes between decidua and villi by microarray provide a global profiling of the gene expression pattern. This work adds to our understanding of placentation by reporting the gene expression profiles during first trimester human pregnancies using cDNA microarray.     

Differential gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse

The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) is an animal model for studying senescence and age-associated disorders due to its inherited aging phenotype. The SAM/prone8 (SAMP8) is a useful animal model to investigate the fundamental mechanisms involved in age-related learning and memory deficits that may have relevance to age-associated AD, while SAM/resistant1 (SAMR1) shows normal. To identify genes rendering the cognitive deterioration with aging, the subtractive cDNA libraries containing 1924 clones with the positive ratio of 96.18% were generated and the microarray containing 3136 cDNA was prepared. The results of screening libraries by the microarray showed that of all 91 differentially expressed genes, 50 were over-expressed and 41 were low-expressed in SAMP8. Some of the identified genes were confirmed by the real time quantitative RT-PCR. These results indicated the profiles of gene expression in the hippocampus of SAMP8 and SAMR1 were significantly different, which may play important roles in the age-related cognitive deficit in SAMP8, suggesting those genes related to the cognitive deficient or pathology change in the brain of SAMP8 may be potential gene targets for Alzheimer's disease therapy.     

Age-related changes of gene expression in mouse kidney: fluorescence differential display--PCR analyses

We used a fluorescence differential display--PCR (FDD-PCR) technique to analyze the genes expressed in mouse kidneys collected at nine different developmental stages ranging from 3 days to 15 months after birth. We found ten genes that were age-dependent and differentially-expressed in the kidneys during our experimental period. We confirmed by comparative RT-PCR that of the ten cDNAs, seven showed reproducible age-dependent expression. Four of the nucleotide sequences of these cDNA clones, had high homology with known genes (fibronectin, soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha-1 subunit, cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial DNA), and three with expressed sequence tags of unknown genes. The FDD-PCR method was very useful for detecting new age-related genes expressed differentially in the mouse kidney.     

cDNA arrays: gene expression profiles of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines

cDNA arrays are a powerful tool for the identification of differentially expressed genes in malignant tumors. We used this technique to study the gene expression profiles of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). Gene expression of 11 lymphoma cell lines was analyzed covering 1176 cDNA sequences. Comparing these data to the expression profiles of B- and T-lymphocytes, we identified 27 genes that were deregulated in all cell lines or in a particular entity. For the establishment of gene expression profiles the 27 genes were assigned to four groups composed of genes deregulated in (i) all lymphoma cell lines, (ii) ALCL and HD, (iii) only HD, and (iv) ALCL exclusively. Our results indicate that ALCL and HD share the differential expression of at least five genes. In addition, both entities are characterized by the differentially deregulated expression of four genes in HD and seven genes in ALCL. Because the expression profiling was performed on cell lines, further studies are needed to clarify the biological significance of the differentially expressed genes.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌亚型的生物信息学分析

目的通过生物信息学分析研究两种膀胱癌亚型(基底样膀胱癌和管腔型膀胱癌)之间不同的分子调控机制和分子特性,为更准确地区分膀胱癌亚型和探索潜在的治疗靶点提供帮助。方法利用稳健的多芯片平均算法将由22个基底样膀胱癌和132管腔型膀胱癌样本组成的数据集进行标准化,并选择其中前1000个具有最高标准差的基因进行两种亚型的差异表达基因分析。将得到的差异表达基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析。此外,选择前100个差异表达基因构建蛋白质互作网络。结果得到基底样和管腔型膀胱癌差异表达基因共742,其中基底样亚型上调的基因405个,下调的基因337个。GO富集分析显示差异表达基因显著富集在细胞外区基质、趋化性、炎症等功能上,KEGG通路富集显示差异表达基因显著富集在细胞外基质受体相互作用的通路上。构建的蛋白质互作网络显示重要的hub蛋白质为LNX1、MSN和PPARG。结论本研究得到的基底样和管腔型膀胱癌亚型分子机制的区别主要体现在细胞外区域的分子作用机制、细胞趋化性和炎症反应等,基因LNX1、MSN和PPARG为区别两种膀胱癌亚型的特征基因。     

应用基因芯片技术筛查人子宫内膜容受性相关基因

目的探讨人子宫内膜容受性相关基因的差异表达。方法应用含14000条基因的cDNA表达谱基因芯片分析分泌早期与分泌中期子宫内膜基因的差异表达。结果所检测的14000个基因中,分泌早期子宫内膜与分泌中期子宫内膜之间存在显著差异表达基因313个。其中,分泌中期子宫内膜表达上调基因数为175个,下调基因数为138个。结论子宫内膜容受性的建立受许多因素的调控,应用基因芯片技术可以快速、高通量的筛查出相关基因,从而有可能找到合适的分子标志物作为子宫内膜容受性的临床诊断指标。