长寿老人血脂,脂蛋白和载脂蛋白价值的研究

对９０岁以上３６例长寿老人的血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白进行了测定，并与陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）和成人组对比。结果显示：与ＯＭＩ组比较，长寿老人血清ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ１００比率明显高于ＯＭＩ，而ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤｃ、ＶＬＤＬ－ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ１００和ＡｐｏＡ１明显低于ＯＭＩ，ＨＤＬ－ｃ在两组间无显著性差异，与成人组比较，长寿老人血清ＴＧ、ＶＬＤＬ－ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ、／Ａ     

老年脑血管病患者脂蛋白（α）检测及其临床意义

用放免的方法测定了５０例脑血管病（ＣＶＤ）患者血清脂蛋白（α）［Ｌｐ（α）］浓度，对比分析了患者Ｌｐ（α）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、脱脂蛋白Ａ－Ｉ（ａｐｏＡ－Ｉ）、ａｐｏＢ１００的浓度及变化，分析了Ｌｐ（α）浓度及ＴＧ、ＴＣ和胶脂蛋白的相关性。结果：ＣＶＤ患者血清Ｌｐ（α）浓度（０．２２４±０．０４ｇ／Ｌ），显著高于对     

膳食与妊高征血脂代谢的关系

通过对３０名妊高征孕妇、２８名正常孕妇、１０名非孕妇女的膳食调查，了解营养与妊高征的关系。结果：妊高征孕妇摄取总热量和动物性食物较多，随膳食动物百分比升高，血脂升高。正常孕妇各项血脂指标均升高。妊高征孕妇在孕早期ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＩ显著升高，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ下降。孕末期ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＩ较正常孕妇升高更显著。ＯＧ与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＩ有回归关系，孕末期ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＩ越高，妊高征越严重。提示：膳食摄入不平衡，可使正常孕妇高脂状态发生紊乱，影响妊高征的发生和发展。建议孕妇膳食中减少动物脂肪用量，进食足量蛋白，注意热能消耗和摄入平衡。     

汉族人载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂、载脂蛋白和脂蛋白(a)水平的影响

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术研究我国汉族人群ａｐｏＥ基因型与等位基因频率分布特征，并分析ａｐｏＥ基因多态性对脂质代谢的影响。发现我国汉族人群ａｐｏＥε３等位基因频率（８３．２％）明显高于欧美人群，而ε４频率（７．５％）显著低于欧美人群。ε４与血清ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ａｐｏＢ水平增加呈显著正相关。ａｐｏＥ等位基因变异对血清ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡＩ及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平无明显影响。研究提示，ａｐｏＥ基因多态性影响血清脂质和脂蛋白水平，我国汉族人群ａｐｏＥ基因多态性特征可能与中国人群冠心病患病率明显低于欧美人群相关。     

藏族人载脂蛋白B基因信号肽多态性与血脂水平

目的：了解正常藏族人群载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ） 基因多态性及其血脂特点。方法：随机选取１００ 例正常成年藏族受试者,男女各半,年龄１８ ～６０ 岁。测定其血清甘油三脂（ＴＧ） 、总胆固醇（ＴＣ） 、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ Ｃ） 、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ ＨＤＬ－ Ｃ） 、ａｐｏＡＩ、ａｐｏＢ 和脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］ 的浓度;并采用ＰＣＲ 方法检测其ａｐｏＢ 基因信号肽插入／缺失（ｉｎｓ／ｄｅｌ） ＤＮＡ 片段的多态性,计算各等位基因的分布频率。结果：藏族人群中以ｉｎｓ 等位基因分布为主（０－７４５） ,ｄｅｌ等位基因频率占０－２５５ ,两种等位基因分布无明显的性别差异。组成的三种基因型分别为ｉｎｓ／ｉｎｓ ５６ 例、ｉｎｓ／ｄｅｌ ３７ 例、ｄｅｌ／ｄｅｌ ７ 例。与汉族人群比较,藏族ｉｎｓ／ｄｅｌ 等位基因的频率与其相近,但ｄｅｌ 等位基因频率显著低于西方高加索人种（０－３４０ ,Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。藏族人群中男女各年龄段（１８ ～３９ 岁、４０ ～６０ 岁） 的各项血脂指标变化不大,但ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－ Ｃ 和ａｐｏＢ的含量显著低于汉族和西方人群,Ｌｐ（ａ） 的水平与后者接近。ｄｅｌ 等位基因的个体其ＬＤＬ－ Ｃ 的浓度高于ｉｎｓ 者,特别是     

高胆固醇血症大鼠LDL受体与apoA－1mRNA的水平变化及苯甲酸雌二醇对其影响

本文研究了实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠肝及小肠中低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）受体ｍＲＮＡ和载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）Ａ－１ｍＲＮＡ的水平变化以及苯甲酸雌二醇（ＥＢ）对二者的影响。发现高脂（ＨＣ）组肝及小肠ＬＤＬ受体ｍＲＮＡ水平分别低于正常组５０％和６０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），小肠ａｐｏＡ－１ｍＲＮＡ水平低于正常组５８％（Ｐ＜０．０５），此时血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及ＬＤＬ胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃ）均明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清ａｐｏＡ－１低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＣ＋ＥＢ组血清ＴＣ及ＬＤＬ－ｃ明显低于ＨＣ组，而肝ＬＤＬ受体ｍＲＮＡ水平则显著高于ＨＣ组，为ＨＣ组的３．５倍（Ｐ＜０．００２）。结果提示：（１）高胆固醇负荷时细胞可通过转录水平下行调节ＬＤＬ受体；（２）小肠可能在ａｐｏＡ－１的代谢中起重要作用；（３）ＥＢ可能通过诱导肝ＬＤＬ受体基因表达而降血脂。     

抗氧化剂PDTC抑制氧化的低密度脂蛋白诱导的人肾小球系膜细胞NF_(-k)B活化

目的 研究氧化的低密度脂蛋白（Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ）对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞（ＨＭＣ）核因子－ＫＢ（ＮＦ－ＫＢ）活化的影响，以及抗氧化剂毗咯二硫氨基甲酸酯（Ｐ ＤＴＣ）对ＮＦ－ＫＢ活化的抑制作用，探讨ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ介导肾损害的基因调控机制及抗氧化剂ＰＤＴＣ防治脂质肾损害的可能性。方法 将Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ或ＰＤＴＣ与ＨＭＣ共培养后，提取细胞核蛋白进行凝胶迁移率变动分析（ＥＭＳＡ）检测ＮＦ－ＫＢ的活化，用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测细胞内ＩＫＢα蛋白含量的变化，反映ＩＫＢα的降解及免疫组化染色检测细胞内的Ｐ６５向核转位。结果 正常对照组未见ＮＦ－ＫＢ活化，当用不同浓度（１０、２５、５０及１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ，刺激肾小球系膜细胞 ｌｈ后，均可引起细胞 ＮＦ－ＫＢ活化及 ＩＫＢα降解。与对只组相卜较差异显著（ｐ＜０．０５），以５０ｍｇ／Ｌ 的ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ刺激ＨＭＣ１ｈ，ＮＦ－ＫＢ活化及 ＩＫＢα降解最明显。ＮＦ－ＫＢ活化的同时，伴有Ｐ６５由胞浆向胞核的转位。１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＤＴＣ，能明显抑制 ＮＦ－ＫＢ的活化、ＩＫＢα降解（ｐ＜０．０１）及 Ｐ６５的核转位。结论Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ。能诱导ＨＭＣ的ＩＫＢαａ降解、Ｐ６５的核转位，最终使Ｎ     

载脂蛋白A－Ⅳ和实验性高脂血症时平滑肌细胞内的胆固醇转运

通过建立高胆固醇血症兔模型，观察载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）Ａ－Ⅳ和ａｐｏＡ－Ⅳ／卵磷脂（ＰＣ）脂质体等对高胆固醇血症兔主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）内胆固醇的清除及对血清卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）的激活作用。结果显示，ａｐｏＡ－Ⅳ／ＰＣ脂质体清除ＳＭＣ内胆固醇及激活ＬＣＡＴ的能力与ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ／ＰＣ脂质体、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）相似。提示，ａｐｏＡ－Ⅳ与ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ一样，在胆固醇逆向转运过程中起重要作用；ａｐｏＡ－Ⅳ与ＰＣ人工合成的脂质体有可能代替天然ＨＤＬ而发挥防治动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A LOAD-ADAPTIVE PROSTHETIC ELBOW JOINT

ＰＲＯＴＯＴＹＰＥＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＡＬＯＡＤ－ＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＰＲＯＳＴＨＥＴＩＣＥＬＢＯＷＪＯＩＮＴＰＲＯＴＯＴＹＰＥＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＡＬＯＡＤ－ＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＰＲＯＳＴＨＥＴＩＣＥＬＢＯＷＪＯＩＮＴＨｕａｎｇＣｈａｎｇｈｕａ；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｃｈ...     

家族性apoB－100缺陷的分子基础

家族性ａｐｏＢ－１００缺陷（ｆａｍｉｌｉａｌｄｅｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｐｏｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＢ－１００）是一种引起中到重度高胆固醇血症的ａｐｏＢ－１００基因异常（Ａｒｇ３５００－Ｇｌｎ）。ＡｐｏＢ－１００单个核苷酸突变，使由其介导的低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）与ＬＤＬ受体的结合力降低血中ＬＤＬ－胆固醇堆积。本文综述了有关ａｐｏＢ－１００的分子生物学及家族性ａｐｏＢ－１００缺陷的研究进展。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.