Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒修饰DC体外诱导特异性T细胞免疫的研究

目的 了解含有EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白2的非复制型重组腺病毒(AdSF35-LMP2)修饰的DC能否在体外诱导LMP2特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞免疫.方法 人外周血单个核细胞在细胞因子诱导下生成树突状细胞,Ad5F35-LMP2感染树突状细胞后激发同源的T细胞,MTT法检测其对T细胞的增殖作用,及激活的特异性CTL对表达LMP2的人CNE-2细胞的特异性杀伤效应.结果Ad5F35-LMP2能有效感染树突状细胞.其激活的特异性CTL对CNE-2细胞有特异性杀伤活性,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 重组腺病毒Ad5F35-LMP2感染的DC可以有效的诱导产生EBV-LMP2特异性细胞毒效应.     

Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒.方法：分别以EcoR Ⅰ单酶切pSH-LMP2和pDC316,将LMP2目的基因片段和线性化的pDC3l6连接,克隆构建pDC3l6-LMP2,以PCR和酶切的方法鉴定插入方向正确.pDC3l6-LMP2与腺病毒骨架pBHG-fiber5/35共转染293细胞构建重组腺病毒Ad5F35-LMP2,PCR及间接免疫荧光进行鉴定.结果：经PCR和酶切鉴定证实pDC3l6-LMP2构建成功.pDC3l6-LMP2与腺病毒骨架共转染293细胞后见明显的毒斑,说明二者在293细胞中同源重组并包装成功.经PCR证实重组腺病毒Ad5F35-LMP2构建完成,间接免疫荧光鉴定LMP2蛋白能在细胞膜上有效表达.结论：本实验成功构建了含EB病毒LMP2全序列的Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒,为下一步进行该重组病毒生物安全性能和生物学功能研究及今后应用Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒对鼻咽癌患者进行基因免疫治疗奠定了基础.     

Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒免疫效果的研究

目的了解含有EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白2的非复制型重组腺病毒(Ad5F35-LMP2),免疫恒河猴的特异性细胞和体液免疫的效果。方法分别使用高剂量(1.5×1010TCID50/只)、中剂量(1.5×109TCID50/只)、低剂量(1.5×108TCID50/只)Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒,同时设对照组(PBS4.0ml/只)。肌内注射免疫恒河猴,每个月一次,共免疫3次,第0、4、8、12周时使用Elispot方法检测猴外周血EBV-LMP2细胞毒性T细胞应答,同时应用免疫酶方法检测血清中LMP2抗体。结果3个剂量Ad5F35-LMP2腺病毒免疫恒河猴均可以诱导出有效的细胞免疫应答及一定的抗体应答,免疫应答水平的高低与病毒剂量的高低有一定的关系,较高剂量产生的细胞及体液免疫应答水平比低剂量的高。结论Ad5F35-LMP2非复制型重组腺病毒疫苗可以有效的诱导恒河猴产生EBV-LMP2特异性细胞和体液免疫反应。     

腺病毒载体介导EB病毒潜伏期膜蛋白2A基因转染树突状细胞对其功能的影响

目的 探讨腺病毒载体介导EB病毒（EBV）潜伏期膜蛋白2A（LMP2A）基因转染树突状细胞（DC）对其功能的影响。方法 通过同源重组法构建带有EBV－LMP2A基因的重组腺病毒Ad5-LMP2A，用不同感染滴度（MOI）的Ad5-LMP2A转染成熟的DC，用流式细胞术（FACS）检测DC的LPM 2A蛋白表达细胞百分率及用台盼蓝染色计数DC死亡百分率，选择最佳MOI；用最佳MOI的Ad5-LMP2A转染成熟的DC，FACS检测转染前后DC表面分子CD1a、CD83、CD40、CD80及HLA－DR的变化；并用^3H-TdR掺入法检测转染前后DC刺激同种淋巴细胞增殖能力及荧光定量PCR检测表达IL－12 P40 mRNA等功能的改变。结果 MOI 200为Ad5-LMP2A转染DC的最佳滴度，此时约80％的DC表达LMP2S蛋白及92％以上细胞为活细胞。Ad5-LMP2A转染成熟DC前后对细胞表面共刺激分子及特征性表面标志无影响；转染后的DC仍具有较强的刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖能力和表达IL－12 P40 mRNA的功能。结论 腺病毒载体能高效介导EBV LMP2A基因在DC中表达，Ad5-LMP2A转染成熟DC对其功能无明显影响，便于进一步用于EBV相关肿瘤的免疫治疗。     

人Wilms瘤基因1重组腺病毒Ad5/F35的制备及感染树突状细胞后的鉴定

目的构建人Wilms瘤基因1(WT1)重组腺病毒载体Ad5/F35并鉴定。方法运用不同病毒滴度的Ad5-EGFP和Ad5/F35-EGFP感染黑素瘤患者外周血树突状细胞(DC),用荧光显微镜检测EGFP的表达,选择对DC感染率高的腺病毒;同源重组构建Ad5/F35-WT1腺病毒载体,用免疫细胞化学和流式细胞术(FCM)检测WT1的表达。结果在相同滴度下,腺病毒载体Ad5/F35的感染优于Ad5;成功构建了Ad5/F35-WT1重组腺病毒,免疫细胞化学染色和FCM证实该病毒能有效介导WT1在DC中的表达。结论 Ad5/F35-WT1重组腺病毒能将WT1基因成功导入DC并有效表达。     

重组腺病毒Ad5F35-IL-12感染不同单核-巨噬细胞的研究

目的 确定人IL-12基因重组腺病毒Ad5F35-IL-12在不同人单核-巨噬细胞中的表达.方法 将人IL-12基因重组腺病毒Ad5F35-IL-12分别感染人外周血单个核细胞、胸水巨噬细胞,以及THP-1和U937单核细胞株及其经佛波酯(PMA)诱导后生成的巨噬细胞;感染48 h后荧光显微镜观察对相应细胞的感染效率,RT-PCR检测IL-12双亚基p35和p40的mRNA表达情况,ELISA检测细胞培养上清中IL-12p70的分泌水平.结果 人IL-12基因重组腺病毒Ad5F35-IL-12可成功感染人外周血单个核细胞、胸水巨噬细胞以及THP-1和U937单核细胞株及其PMA诱导后生成的巨噬细胞,并分泌IL-12 p70蛋白,蛋白表达量从高至低依次是胸水巨噬细胞、PMA诱导后U937细胞、PMA诱导后THP-1细胞、U937细胞、外周血单个核细胞、THP-1细胞.结论 人IL-12基因重组腺病毒Ad5F35-IL-12可以感染不同的单核-巨噬细胞,并成功表达分泌IL-12 p70蛋白.     

含HIV-1 gag基因的重组腺病毒5型与35型嵌合病毒免疫效果研究

目的探讨含HIV-1 gag基因的重组腺病毒5型与35型嵌合病毒(rAd5/F35)在BALB/c小鼠中的免疫效果。方法PCR,间接免疫荧光鉴定HIV-1gag基因在重组腺病毒(rAd5/F35-mod.gag)的正确插入和体外细胞水平的表达,用rAd5/F35-mod.gag以不同的方式免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA检测小鼠血清中的p24特异性抗体,细胞内细胞因子染色法检测小鼠的特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)应答。结果重组腺病毒rAd5/F35-mod.gag在体外细胞水平可以很好的表达目的基因gag;在小鼠体内重组腺病毒rAd5/F35-mod.gag可诱导特异性的CTL应答和血清IgG抗体反应,用rAd5/F35单独免疫2次,所诱发的CTL和血清IgG反应最强。但Ad5初次感染后,产生的抗Ad5抗体可以抑制rAd5/F35疫苗的特异性免疫反应。结论重组腺病毒rAd5/F35-mod.gag单独免疫可在小鼠体内诱导特异性的CTL应答和血清IgG抗体反应。只改变Ad5纤突蛋白Fiber,不能避免抗Ad5抗体的抑制作用。     

胃癌细胞总RNA修饰树突状细胞的肿瘤疫苗效果

目的应用肿瘤细胞RNA修饰小鼠树突状细胞(dendrticcell,DC)的肿瘤疫苗免疫小鼠,研究其抗肿瘤免疫作用.方法CD11c磁珠抗体标记小鼠脾单个核细胞悬液,磁性细胞分选器(MACS)分选出CD11c+的DC,短期培养,以肿瘤细胞总RNA脉冲DC,以此瘤苗皮下注射免疫615小鼠两次,间隔1周,最后1次免疫后7d,实验鼠皮下接种5×105小鼠前胃癌细胞(MFC).结果经免疫后的小鼠具有较强抗肿瘤免疫,RNA脉冲DC的瘤苗免疫后肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,其外周血和脾细胞中NK活性均明显升高,肿瘤特异性CTL也明显升高.结论以肿瘤RNA作为抗原脉冲DC可诱导较强的抗肿瘤免疫.     

人源化SCID小鼠模型的建立及其鉴定

目的：探讨在SCID小鼠体内移植人免疫细胞，建立人源化SCID小鼠模型及其特性鉴定。方法：SCID小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CTX）抑制骨髓造血，连续4天后，通过腹腔注射移植人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）。4、8和12周后分别取小鼠外周血、脾脏、肝脏。荧光显微镜下观察SCID小鼠外周血中人CD3^＋、CD19^＋细胞；流式细胞仪测定全血中人CD3^＋、CD19^＋细胞百分率；免疫组织化学分析SCID小鼠肝脏和脾脏中人CD3^＋、CD19^＋细胞；ELISA检测SCID小鼠血清中人免疫球蛋白含量。结果：（I）SCID小鼠移植人外周血单个核细胞4、8和12周后在小鼠外周血中通过荧光显微镜下可观察到人CD3^＋、CD19^＋细胞，4周后流式细胞仪测得小鼠外周血单个核细胞中人CD19^＋、CD3^＋细胞百分率分别为10．6％、31．7％；（2）免疫组织化学结果显示在小鼠脾脏中存在人CD3^＋、CD19^＋细胞；（3）移植人外周血单个核细胞4、8和12周后ELISA测得小鼠血清中人免疫球蛋白的含量分别为390、1100和1040μg／ml。结论：成功地在SCID小鼠体内建立了人免疫系统。     

腺病毒编码人TRP2修饰DC诱发抗小鼠黑色素瘤免疫的研究

目的比较腺病毒载体(Ad)介导人和小鼠酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(tyrosinase-relatedpro-tein2,TRP2)修饰小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞(BM-DC)诱发抗小鼠黑色素瘤免疫的差异。方法Ad编码人或小鼠TRP2(AdhTRP2或AdmTRP2)体外感染小鼠BM-DC并体内皮下免疫C57BL/6小鼠,7d后取出被免疫小鼠脾细胞行体内细胞毒性T淋巴细胞杀伤试验(invivoCTL)和细胞内IFN-γ染色(ICS)分析CTL的杀伤活性和IFN-γ的产生;或给免疫后小鼠皮下接种小鼠B16.F10黑色素瘤细胞,观察荷瘤小鼠的成活情况。结果invivoCTL和ICS分析显示,AdhTRP2/BM-DC免疫小鼠,其6hCTL杀伤率为(98.7±1.2)%,IFN-γ产生的CD8+T细胞占总CD8+T细胞的(1.25±0.21)%;而AdmTRP2/BM-DC免疫的小鼠,其6hCTL杀伤率和产生IFN-γ的CD8+T细胞比例分别为(28.6±6.3)%和(0.24±0.06)%。荷瘤试验表明,AdhTRP2/BM-DC免疫小鼠后1周皮下接种106B16.F10细胞,观察3个月100%的小鼠无瘤生长;而接种5×104B16.F10细胞至AdmTRP2/BM-DC免疫1周的小鼠,3个月后小鼠成活率仅为40%。结论Ad介导异种(人)TRP2较自身(小鼠)TRP2修饰的BM-DC更为有效地打破肿瘤免疫耐受、诱导强烈的抗黑色素瘤免疫反应,是一种高效的以DC为基础的肿瘤疫苗。     

The use of laser scanning cytometry to assess depth of penetration of adenovirus p53 gene therapy in human xenograft biopsies

SCH58500 is an agent for gene therapy of cancer, consisting of a replication-deficient type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) expressing the human p53 tumor suppressor gene (Ad5/p53). An important question about the use of Ad5/p53 gene therapy is how to achieve the therapeutically effective delivery of an Ad5/p53 vector to the tumor. We wanted to determine the effective depth of penetration of an Ad5/p53 vector by dosing the vector in an experimental human xenograft/SCID model. To assess depth of penetration, we developed a novel methodology for scanning tissue sections by laser scanning cytometry (LSC). SCID mice were given intraperitoneal injections of either p53(null) SK-OV-3 human ovarian tumor cells or p53(mut) DU-145 human prostate tumor cells to establish xenograft solid tumors. Mice were then dosed once or twice at 24-hour intervals by intraperitoneal injection with SCH58500 (Ad5/p53), an adenovirus construct expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad5/beta-gal), or a buffer control. Additional groups of mice received a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg paclitaxel either alone or coadministered with Ad5/p53. Twenty-four hours after each last dose, the human solid tumor xenograft and relevant mouse tissue were removed from each mouse for the analysis of Ad5/p53 penetration. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for beta-galactosidase protein revealed a depth of penetration of between 1 and 10 cells from the tumor surface. In some mice, hepatocytes in the periportal regions of liver lobules were also positive, indicating systemic absorption of adenovirus from the peritoneal cavity. IHC staining for p53 and p21 proteins in SK-OV-3 solid tumor xenografts revealed similar Ad/p53 penetration. LSC was used to map and quantitate apoptosis in both tumor and liver tissue biopsies, with over 450,000 nuclei from liver tissue and 150,000 nuclei from tumor tissue being evaluated. LSC analysis demonstrated a high level of apoptosis in the tumors that had been removed from Ad5/p53-dosed mice (12.7-19.7%). This level of apoptosis was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than was observed for liver tissues taken from Ad5/p53-dosed mice (2.7-8.0%) or tumor tissues taken from either Ad5/beta-gal-dosed mice (3.0-6.4%) or buffer control-dosed mice (3.0-5.3%). Scan bit maps from the extensive LSC analyses confirmed that apoptosis was present to about the same depth (1-10 cells) as had been identified by IHC for beta-galactosidase, p53, and p21 proteins. Paclitaxel coadministered with Ad5/p53 had no effect on Ad5 penetration into solid tumors in vivo as measured by IHC for p53 or p21 protein. However, the combination therapy did cause an elevation in the number of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis.     

人鼻咽癌CNE－2Z细胞的不同转移潜能克隆株在严重联合免疫缺陷小鼠体内的检验和比较研究

将人类鼻咽癌不同克隆株的细胞悬液移植在严重联合免疫缺陷（ＳＣＩＤ）小鼠和ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ（ｕｎ／ｕｎ）裸小鼠的颈背侧皮下，５６ｄ后处死全部动物进行观察。结果发现，在ＳＣＩＤ小鼠体内移植后ＣＮＥ２Ｌ２为高转移克隆株，其淋巴结转移率为１００％，肺转移率为７１％；而ＣＮＥ２Ｌ４为低转移克隆株，其肺转移率为１３％，淋巴结未见癌转移。这是从１个细胞母系中新筛选出的１个高转移和１个低转移的癌细胞克隆株。实验结果还显示，同ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ（ｕｎ／ｕｎ）裸小鼠相比，ＳＣＩＤ小鼠的恶性表型的表达能力高。另外，皮下移植时肿瘤细胞的数量可能与转移表型的表达有相关性，移植的瘤细胞数越多，转移率越高，反之亦然。     

Adenovirus BMP2-induced osteogenesis in combination with collagen carriers

Adenovirus BMP2 gene therapy has potential of a robust endogenous BMP2 production, while circumventing many of the problems currently associated with recombinant BMP2. The study objective was to determine and compare the ability of adenovirus BMP2 ex vivo gene therapy in combination with three types of collagen carriers to release BMP2 in vitro and to induce heterotopic bone formation in vivo. Human CD45-negative bone marrow cells were ex vivo transduced with a chimeric Ad5F35BMP2. The bioactivity of BMP2 produced by the transduced cells without a carrier, or in combination with three types of collagen carriers (injectable gel, microporous sponge, collagen-mineral composite) was measured and compared to rhBMP2. The heterotopic osteoinductivity assay was performed in immunocompromised NOD/SCID mice. A statistically significant decrease in the amount of rhBMP2 and adenoviral BMP2 released in vitro from the collagen-mineral composite carrier was noted (21% and 12%, respectively), whereas the amounts of rhBMP2 and adenoviral BMP2 released from the gel or sponge carriers were comparable. In vivo, 14 days post-implantation, no bone was formed consistently in groups with the empty Ad5F35HM4 control vector. New bone formation was evident radiographically and histologically in all groups with the Ad5F35BMP2-transduced cells irrespective of the presence or absence of a carrier. The presence of a carrier resulted in osteogenesis limited to the implantation site, and was most pronounced for solid (sponge, composite) carriers. The physical characteristics of the carrier determined the new bone spatial distribution at the site. Solid carriers reduced the clearance of AD5F35-transduced cells by the host immune cells. Adenoviral ex vivo BMP2 gene therapy in combination with collagen carriers with distinct physical characteristics offers the prospects of adjusting this approach to optimally match the specific therapeutic requirements.     

PRIMA-1(MET) inhibits growth of mouse tumors carrying mutant p53

Reactivation of the tumor suppressor activity to mutant p53 should trigger massive apoptosis and eliminate tumors. The low molecular weight compounds PRIMA-1 and the structural analog PRIMA-1(MET) reactivate human mutant p53 in vitro and suppress growth of human tumor xenografts in SCID mice. However, little is known about their effect on mouse mutant p53 in mouse tumor cells. We have examined the effect of PRIMA-1(MET) on mouse sarcomas, mammary carcinomas and chemically induced fibrosarcomas. PRIMA-1(MET) showed potent growth suppression in mutant p53-carrying mouse tumors in vitro and a significant anti-tumor effect in syngeneic mice in vivo. These results demonstrate that PRIMA-1(MET) targets mouse tumors carrying mutant p53 and provide strong support for the anti-tumor efficiency of PRIMA-1(MET) in vivo.     

激发型4-1BBL单抗在体内对人白血病系胞系SHI-1生物学行为的影响

通过激发型4-1BBL单抗作用于人M5型白血病-SCID小鼠模型,研究4-1BBL/4-1BB逆向信号在体内对M5型白血病细胞系SHI-1生物学行为的影响。将1×106SHI-1细胞移植至SCID小鼠腹腔,经1F1单抗作用,于移植30 d后小鼠尾静脉取血并采用流式细胞术(FCM)监测4-1BBL阳性细胞表达率。于移植42 d后处死小鼠,通过病理组织学检查和FCM,分析SCID小鼠的骨髓、外周血、肝脏和脾脏中白血病细胞的浸润及病理变化。结果:各组小鼠腹腔均可发现瘤块生长。单抗作用组小鼠肿块出现较早,生长速度较快,其主要组织器官更发现有肿瘤细胞的浸润。1F1单抗在体内可促进SHI-1细胞的增殖与迁移,这为研究M5型白血病的发生与发展提供了理论依据。     

转化生长因子β1基因修饰树突状细胞延长移植心脏存活时间的研究

为探讨移植前输注人转化生长因子 β1 (TGFβ1 )基因修饰供者树突状细胞 (DC )对移植心脏存活时间的影响。采用重组质粒TGFβ1 pcDNA3转染供者F344大鼠DC ,RT PCR和Westernblot检测转染后DC的TGFβ1基因表达。收集转染各组细胞静脉输注Lewis大鼠。 1周后检测TGFβ1 DC在受者大鼠脾和淋巴结的分布。另一部分输注大鼠接受DC来源的F344同种异体心脏移植 ,观察各组转染DC输注后移植心脏存活时间的变化以及相同时间点移植心脏重量的变化 ,比较移植后各时间点移植排斥反应级别以及输注不同DC各组移植心脏出现排斥反应的时间。结果 :TGFβ1 DC输注受者后 ,1周内可在脾和淋巴结内形成微嵌合 ,输注后DC在受者体内的迁移以及不同时间的存活数量不同。同时发现TGFβ1 DC输注大鼠 ,移植心脏存活时间 (33 1 4± 7 88)d比对照组 (6 5 7± 1 76 )d明显延长 ,移植后排斥反应级别明显低于对照组 ,并且该组移植心脏排斥反应出现时间也明显晚于各对照组。因此 ,TGFβ1 DC能有效抑制移植排斥反应 ,延长移植心脏存活时间。