卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术中脾脏切除的手术探究

目的探讨晚期和复发的上皮性卵巢癌减瘤术中脾脏切除术的必要性和可行性。方法回顾分析首次（5例）或再次细胞减灭术（7例）中施行脾脏切除术的12例晚期卵巢癌患者的临床资料。结果12例患者的平均总生存期为37．75个月（15个月-65个月）,3年总生存率为58．33％（7／12）;7例生存至今的患者中2例无瘤生存,分别生存3年和3．5年,三年无瘤生存率为16．67％（2／12）。手术并发症发生率25％（3／12）,与脾切除直接相关的手术并发症发生率为8．33％（1／12）。获得满意减瘤术的9例患者和不满意减瘤术的3例患者的平均总生存期分别为43．33个月和21个月（t=3．215,P〈0.05）,有显著性差异。结论晚期或复发的卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术时为达到满意的手术对脾脏转移者施行脾脏切除是必要和可行的。     

腹膜后淋巴结切除术在卵巢癌中的应用

上皮性卵巢癌是否需做系统性腹膜后淋巴结清扫一直存在争议。对于早期上皮性卵巢癌,尚无证据表明系统性淋巴结清扫可以改善患者的生存,但为了准确分期及指导术后辅助治疗,应做腹膜后淋巴结取样切除术。对于晚期上皮性卵巢癌,切除肿大的转移淋巴结是肿瘤细胞减灭术的一个组成部分,尽管有随机对照研究证实,系统性腹膜后淋巴结清扫术可以改善患者的肿瘤无进展生存期,但是否能真正改善患者的总生存期,仍需进一步研究证实。     

泌尿系手术在晚期卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术中的应用205例分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨泌尿系手术在晚期卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术中的安全性及可行性。［方法］ 选择2011年1月至2019年12月在中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院（浙江省肿瘤医院）行含泌尿系修补和切除的初次肿瘤细胞减灭术的205例晚期卵巢癌患者为研究对象,回顾性分析患者的临床、病理、手术及并发症等资料。［结果］ 172例（83.9%）患者进行泌尿系修补手术,33例（16.1%）患者进行泌尿系切除手术,47例（22.9%）患者术中放置输尿管双J支架。手术时间中位数为390（323,445） min,出血量中位数为800（500,1 200） mL,输血率为85.4%。187例（91.2%）患者术后达到满意减瘤。术后3～4级并发症发生率为38.1%,尿路感染8例（3.9%）,尿瘘4例（2.0%）（3例行膀胱修补术后出现膀胱瘘,1例行输尿管修补术后出现输尿管瘘）,输尿管狭窄1例,无围手术期死亡。165例（80.5%）完成6个疗程及以上的标准方案化疗,中位无进展生存期为19个月,5年无进展生存率为37.1%。［结论］ 卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术中行泌尿系手术安全可行,并发症可控,在可达到满意减瘤术的情况下可常规开展。     

脾脏切除在晚期上皮性卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术中的意义

[目的]探讨晚期和复发的上皮性卵巢癌减瘤术中脾脏切除术的必要性和可行性。[方法]回顾分析首次（6例）或再次细胞减灭术（8例）中施行脾脏切除术的14例晚期卵巢癌患者的临床资料。[结果]14例患者平均总生存期39．36个月（15～84个月），3年总生存率为61．54％（8／13）；脾脏切除术后平均生存期31个月（6～49个月），脾脏切除术后3年生存率为38．46％（5／13）；3年无瘤生存率为15．38％（2／13）。手术并发症发生率28．57％（4/14），与脾切除直接有关的手术并发症发生率为7．14％（1／14）。这些患者中同时施行肠切除术35．71％（5／14）．施行腹膜后淋巴结切除术42．86％（6／14）。获得满意减瘤术的9例患者和不满意减瘤术的5例患者的平均总生存期分别为49．11个月和21．80个月（t=3．845，P〈0．05），而脾脏切除后平均生存期则分别为37．22个月和15．00个月（t=-5．041，P〈0．05），均有显著性差异。脾脏切除和多脏器切除患者的生存情况比较无差异（P〉0．05）。[结论]晚期或复发的卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术时为达到满意的手术对脾脏转移者施行脾脏切除是必要和可行的。     

上皮性卵巢癌二次手术14例临床分析

目的：探讨上皮性卵巢癌二次手术的临床意义。方法：对１４例上皮性卵巢癌二次手术病人进行临床分析。１４例初次手术时为Ⅲ￣Ⅳ期，均行瘤细胞减灭术，术后时间６月￣１年。４例经过规律化疗后行ＳＬＬ以了解治疗效果及判断预后，１０例为病灶复发欲行ＳＣＲ。结果：ＳＬＬ阳性１例，显微观阳性２例，阴性１例，手术后４￣１８个月复发；ＳＣＲ理想减灭２例，非理想减灭６例，姑息手术３例，术后平均存活时间６．５月，术后生活质量     

晚期卵巢癌术前新辅助化疗的临床研究

目的探讨新辅助化疗对晚期卵巢癌的临床意义。方法①对56例Ⅲc、Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌采用新辅助化疗,肿瘤细胞减灭术加以铂类和（或）紫杉醇为主的化疗组（A组）：术前给予1～3个疗程以铂类和（或）紫杉醇为主的化疗,途径为静脉＋腹腔或静脉化疗,每3周1次,56例患者共施行新辅助化疗109次;②49例Ⅲc、Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌传统肿瘤细胞减灭术加以铂类和（或）紫杉醇为主的化疗组（B组）;A,B两组均按卵巢癌手术原则行最大限度减瘤术,部分患者进行腹膜后淋巴清扫,术后1周左右开始化疗,均采用联合化疗6～8个疗程,方案和剂量同新辅助化疗。结果A组新辅助化疗总有效率（CR＋PR）为85.7%,胸、腹水控制有效率为93.6%。A组满意肿瘤细胞减灭术（术后残瘤最大直径〈2cm）80.4%,减瘤术（术后残瘤最大直径≥2cm）19.6%;B组满意肿瘤细胞减灭术51.0%,减瘤术49.0%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,A组缩短了手术时间,减少手术出血,为术后化疗创造了有利条件,新辅助化疗毒副反应轻,可以耐受。5年生存率A组为35.7%,B组为15.6%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论新辅助化疗有可能为晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者创造手术条件,提高达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭术,改善生存质量,提高生存率。     

上皮性卵巢癌二次手术14例临床分析

目的：探讨上皮性卵巢癌二次手术的；临床意义。方法：对14例上皮性卵巢癌二次手术病人进行临床分析。14例初次手术时为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期，均行瘤细胞减灭术，术后时间6月-1年。4例经过规律化疗后行SLL以了解治疗效果及判断预后，10例为病灶复发欲行SCR。结果：SLL阳性1例，显微观阳性2例，阴性1例，手术后4－18个月复发；SCR理想减灭2例，非理想减灭6例，姑息手术3例，术后平均存活时间6．5月，术后生活质量明显下降。结论：二次手术对病人生活质量及生存时间无明显改善，其意义有待进一步探讨。     

上皮性卵巢癌初次肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发情况及影响因素分析

目的:研究上皮性卵巢癌初次肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发情况以及影响因素分析,旨在为降低上皮性卵巢癌初次肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发提高患者术后生存质量提供有效的理论依据。方法:采用回顾性方法分析我院在2008年1月至2012年12月期间进行肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗的186例上皮性卵巢癌患者的临床资料,术后根据患者复发情况将患者分成复发组与未复发组。观察两组患者年龄、组织学类型、化疗方式、新辅助化疗、临床分期、组织分级、残余病灶、腹水、术前HE4、术后2月CA125、淋巴结切除之间的差异,同时分析影响上皮性卵巢癌初次肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发的独立危险因素。结果:随访5年,复发患者有78例,复发率为41.94%,未复发患者108例;复发组与未复发组患者在年龄、组织学类型、化疗方式、新辅助化疗等因素中比较无差异（P＞0.05）,在临床分期、组织分级、残余病灶、腹水、术前HE4、术后2月CA125、淋巴结切除中存在明显差异（P＜0.05）;经Logistic回顾分析证明,临床分期、残余病灶、腹水、术前HE4、淋巴结切除是临床上皮性卵巢癌患者初次肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发的独立危险因素［OR=9.786（3.484~27.493）、OR=8.199（4.431 ~15.172）、OR=9.143（3.975~21.031）、OR=9.337（4.593~18.983）、OR=11.917（6.440~22.053）］。结论:上皮性卵巢癌患者经初次肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗后,复发率为41.94%左右,而影响患者术后复发的独立危险因素为临床分期、残余病灶、腹水、术前HE4、淋巴结切除等,临床上可针对这些因素进行干预降低临床术后复发率,提高患者生活质量。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期子宫内膜癌的临床观察

为了探讨肿瘤细胞减灭术在晚期子宫内膜癌治疗中的应用价值,对我院住院行肿瘤细胞减灭术的36例晚期子宫内膜癌患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。Ⅲ期16例,Ⅳ期20例。所有患者均给予以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,基本手术方式为全子宫 双附件 大网膜阑尾切除及盆腹腔内转移病灶切除。结果:本组肉眼无残余病灶者10例,残余病灶<2cm者20例,残余病灶>2cm者6例,手术满意率为83.3%(30/36)。随访至2007-12,5年生存率仅为31.3%(5/16),3年生存率为54.2%(13/24),1年生存率为91.7%(33/36)。生存率与患者病变侵及范围、有无腹水、手术后残留病灶大小以及术后化疗周期长短等密切相关。初步研究结果提示,肿瘤细胞减灭术在晚期子宫内膜癌治疗中有重要价值,提倡最大限度切除病灶减少肿瘤负荷,在理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术的基础上给予多疗程的联合化疗,而放射治疗的意义不大。     

上皮性卵巢癌远处转移15例分析

虽然近10多年来,改进了卵巢癌的手术方法,上皮性癌推荐PAC方案化疗,改善了部分患者的生存期,但由于晚期癌常发生广泛腹腔内转移,首治时理想而彻底地细胞减灭术,仍受到一定限制,复发及远处转移仍为治疗失败的重要原因.本文回顾性分析1991年1月～1997年12月,收治上皮性卵巢癌96例,其中发生远处转移15例,探讨临床及病理因素与转移的关系.     

Primary cytoreductive surgery with rectosigmoid colon resection for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The impact of radical bowel resection with multiple organ resection on the survival if patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma has not been well defined. The authors investigated whether primary cytoreductive surgery including rectosigmoid colon resection would affect the recurrence free interval and survival of these patients. METHODS: Between April 1990 and April 1997, 66 previously untreated Stage IIIC-IV ovarian carcinoma patients with macroscopic involvement of the rectosigmoid colon were enrolled. All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery with rectosigmoid colon resection to remove residual tumor less than 2 cm in greatest dimension and received 6 cycles of cisplatin-based postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 26 months (range, 7-104 months). In multivariate analysis, residual disease and depth of tumor infiltration of the bowel wall were independently associated with overall survival and recurrence free interval. Disease stage was independently associated only with overall survival. Residual tumor was the most strongly predictive factor for recurrence or death. The 2-year estimated survival rates according to the amount of residual tumor were 100% for 24 patients with no macroscopic residual disease and 77.3% for 28 patients with residual disease less than 1 cm. None of the 14 patients with residual disease larger than 1 cm were alive 2-years after operation. Overall, 48 patients (72.7%) developed disease recurrence: 43 (65.1%) in the abdomen, 19 (29.8%) in the liver, and 3 (4.5%) in the pelvis. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that cytoreductive surgery with rectosigmoid colon resection should be considered for ovarian carcinoma patients with bulky pelvic disease to help ensure that they are left with no residual disease after debulking surgery.     

Advanced ovarian cancer

Opinion statement Ovarian cancer spreads early in the disease into the abdomen. An en bloc resection of the tumor, according to surgical principle, is not possible in patients with highstage ovarian cancer. At surgery, large pelvic tumor lesions are found together with multiple tumor lesions involving the omentum, bowel, and mesentery together with a diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis and diaphragmatic involvement. A multimodality approach with cytoreductive surgery and taxol platinum-based chemotherapy is therefore the mainstay of treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. The size of residual disease after surgery is one of the most important prognostic factors for survival. Patients with an optimal tumor cytoreduction (residual lesions smaller than 1 cm) have a significant longer survival (almost two times the median survival) than patients with larger residual lesions [1-5]. This holds true even for patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV disease [6-10]. Patients in whom all macroscopic tumor is resected do have the longest survival. The 2-year survival of patients with a radical resection of all macroscopic tumors is 80%, in contrast to less than 22% for the patients with lesions larger than 2 cm [4]. An optimal primary cytoreductive surgery can generally be performed in 30% to 50% of patients [11]. Only in more experienced gynecologic oncology centers is the percentage as high as 85%, but sometimes at the cost of an increased morbidity and even mortality [12,13,14-16,17]. The worse prognosis of the patients with a suboptimal primary cytoreductive surgery can be improved by an interval cytoreductive surgery after platinum-containing induction chemotherapy [18,19]. The median survival and progression-free survivals are significantly lengthened by cytoreductive surgery. After more than 5-years follow-up there is still a significant survival benefit: the 5-year survival of the surgery patients was 24% versus 13% for the no-surgery patients (P = 0.0032). All patients, including those with unfavorable prognostic factors (stage IV disease, peritonitis carcinomatosis, or ascites at primary surgery), and even patients with stable disease after induction chemotherapy, seem to benefit from interval cytoreductive surgery. The increase in progression-free survival and overall survival does outweigh the morbidity associated with interval debulking surgery, which is not different from those associated with primary surgery.     

The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND: This study examined the impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: One hundred six patients with a disease free interval (DFI) > 6 months after primary treatment underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery. Multivariate analysis determined which variables influenced the cytoreductive outcome and survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (82.1%) underwent removal of all visible tumor. The median and estimated 5-year survival for the entire cohort after recurrence was 35.9 months and 28%, respectively. The probability of complete cytoreduction was influenced by the largest size of recurrent tumor (< 10 cm ?90.0% vs. > 10 cm ?66.7%; P = 0.003), use of salvage chemotherapy before secondary surgery (chemotherapy given ?64.3% vs. chemotherapy not given ?93.8%; P = 0.001), and preoperative Gynecologic Oncology Group performance status (0 ?100%, 1 ?91.4%, 2 ?82.4%, and 3 ?47.4%; P = 0.001). Survival was influenced by the DFI after primary treatment (6-12 months ?median, 25.0 months vs. 13-36 months ?median, 44.4 months vs. > 36 months ?median, 56.8 months; P = 0.005), the completeness of cytoreduction (visibly disease free ?median, 44.4 months vs. any residual disease ?median, 19.3 months; P = 0.007), the use of salvage chemotherapy before secondary surgery (chemotherapy given ?median, 24.9 months vs. chemotherapy not given ?median, 48.4 months; P = 0.005), and the largest size of recurrent tumor (< 10 cm ?median, 37.3 months vs. > 10 cm ?median, 35.6 months; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Complete cytoreduction is possible for the majority of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma and maximizes survival if undertaken before salvage chemotherapy. The authors believe a randomized trial should be initiated to confirm these findings.     

Recurrent micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the current study were to: 1) characterize the clinical outcome of patients with recurrent micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma (MPSC) and 2) evaluate the survival impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic variables. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with recurrent MPSC were identified retrospectively from hospital and tumor registry databases. Survival curves were generated from the time of tumor recurrence using the Kaplan-Meier method and statistical comparisons were performed using the log-rank test, logistic regression analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The median age of the patients at the time of recurrence was 46 years. The mean progression-free interval was 31.6 months, and 92% of patients had advanced stage disease at the time of the initial diagnosis. Twenty-one patients underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery; tumor debulking was performed in 90.5% of cases and 52.4% of patients required an intestinal resection. Optimal resection (residual disease < or = 1 cm) was achieved in 15 patients (71.4%). Patients undergoing optimal secondary cytoreduction had a median survival time of 61.2 months from the date of disease recurrence, compared with 25.5 months for those patients in whom suboptimal residual disease remained (P < 0.02) and 29.9 months for nonsurgical patients (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, optimal secondary cytoreduction was found to be the only independent predictor of survival. Salvage chemotherapy produced an objective response in 25% of patients with measurable disease. The administration of chemotherapy prior to surgical intervention was associated with a trend toward worse survival and a lower likelihood of optimal secondary cytoreduction. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery is feasible in the majority of patients with recurrent MPSC and is an independent predictor of subsequent survival. Surgical intervention should be considered for those patients with recurrent MPSC. [See editorials on pages 675-6 and 677-80, this issue.]     

结肠、直肠手术在肿瘤细胞减灭术中的作用

目的　探讨结肠、直肠手术在治疗卵巢上皮性癌和原发腹膜癌患者的手术指征和治疗效果。方法　对 1988年 6月～2 0 0 1年 5月在我院妇科接受开腹手术同时行结肠、直肠手术的 18例妇科恶性肿瘤进行回顾性分析 ,其中卵巢上皮性癌 16例和原发腹膜癌 2例。结果　有 8例在初次手术中完成结肠、直肠手术 ,10例在处理复发性癌或者姑息性手术中进行。 18例中接受结肠切除或者部分乙状结肠直肠手术 ,肠吻合术 14例 ,接受结肠造瘘术 4例 ,其中 1例于结肠造瘘术后 14个月行结肠造瘘还纳术。 18例中有 17例切除肠管 ,术后病理显示肿瘤侵犯至肠浆膜层 7例 ,至浆肌层 5例 ,至粘膜下层 3例 ,至粘膜层 2例。有 7例术后残留癌 <2cm ,10例 >2cm ,1例行姑息性手术未切除肠管。术后 1年生存率为 76 % ,2年为 2 9% ,3年为 19%。有 2例术后存活已超过 5年。结论　对卵巢上皮性癌或者原发性腹膜癌患者实施结肠、直肠手术的主要目的是为达到肿瘤细胞减灭或者为缓解肠梗阻症状。选择一组合适的妇科恶性肿瘤病人术前最好肠道准备 ,术中尽量采用肠切除肠吻合术 ,减少结肠造瘘术 ,对提高治疗效果 ,延长病人寿命是有益的。     

Completely resected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation is associated with prolonged survival.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has been dismal. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors in patients who had prolonged survival. METHODS: Patients with ATC were identified from a computer database at a tertiary referral center. Univariate and multivariate analyses for survival differences were performed using the Kaplan-Meier log-rank statistic and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 33 evaluable patients, median survival was 3.8 months. Median age was 69 years. Prior goiter was present in 6 patients (18%), and 6 (18%) had prior thyroid carcinoma. Median tumor size was 6 cm, and 12 (36%) had adjacent well-differentiated carcinoma. Of the 26 patients who underwent neck exploration, 8 patients were potentially cured and received postoperative chemotherapy and irradiation; 4 (50%) were surgically macroscopically free of disease, and 4 (50%) patients had minimal residual disease after total thyroidectomy and resection of tumor adherent to adjacent structures. Four of these 8 patients survived longer than 2 years; their 5-year survival estimate was 50%. Eighteen patients underwent palliative resection of neck disease, leaving macroscopic residual disease or distant metastases; postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation were administered in 16 of these 18 patients. Seven patients were treated with only chemotherapy and irradiation. In patients treated with potentially curative resection, median survival was 43 months compared with 3 months with palliative resection (P =0.002); the median survival of 3.3 months with only chemotherapy and irradiation was no different than palliative resection (P =0.63). No association was found between survival and age, prior goiter, prior thyroid carcinoma, adjacent differentiated carcinoma, or tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis of most patients with ATC continues to be poor, complete resection of ATC combined with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation resulted in long-term survival, even with persistent minimal disease that remained on vital structures. An aggressive attempt at maximal tumor debulking followed by adjuvant therapy was found to be warranted in patients with localized ATC.     

Combined modality treatment for stage III ovarian carcinoma

Thirty-eight Stage III ovarian carcinoma patients were treated with a combined modality protocol consisting of sequential initial surgery with a maximal tumor reduction, CHAD combination chemotherapy, second look reductive surgery and whole abdominal irradiation. Sixteen patients (42%) had minimal residual tumors (less than 2 cm) after initial surgery (Stage IIIA) and 22 (58%) had large residual tumors (greater than 2 cm) (Stage IIIB). The patients received 3-14 courses of CHAD combination chemotherapy, with a response rate (CR + PR) in the evaluable (Stage IIIB) patients of 91%. Twenty-eight patients had a second attempt of cytoreductive operation (10 Stage IIIA patients and 18 Stage IIIB patients). In 10 patients no residual tumor was found. In another 12 patients residual tumor (less than 2 cm) was found and completely resected, whereas in six patients a complete resection of large residual tumors (greater than 2 cm) was not possible. Twenty-one of the patients also completed a course of whole abdominal radiotherapy. Radiation was well-tolerated with the usual expected amounts of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. 11/21 (52%) of the patients relapsed within the first 18 months after completion of radiotherapy. The actuarial relapse-free survival at 36 months from completions of radiotherapy was 44%. The actuarial survival for the whole group from diagnosis was 43% at 3 years (70% for Stage IIIA and 41% for Stage IIIB). The data indicated that this combined modality protocol is both feasible and well-tolerated but its curative potential for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma is as yet unknown.     

Effect of cytoreductive surgery on survival of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The value of secondary cytoreductive surgery is still controversial, especially in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. In this retrospective study, we investigated the effect on survival of secondary cytoreduction for recurrent disease and variables influencing redebulking surgical outcome. METHODS: Between 1986 and 1997, 60 patients who received primary cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy for stage III and IV epithelial ovarian cancer experienced disease recurrence at least 6 months after completion of primary therapy, and secondary surgical cytoreduction was performed. The optimal residual disease cutoff was 1.0 cm. The Cox proportional regression model and Logistic stepwise regression were used in statistical processing of the data. RESULTS: The median progression-free interval between the two operations was 13 months (range, 6-56 months). Optimal secondary cytoreduction was achieved in 23 patients (38.33%). There was a significant difference in survival between patients who were optimally cytoreduced compared to those suboptimally cytoreduced, with an estimated median survival in the optimal group of 19 months vs. 8 months in the suboptimal group (chi(2) = 22.04, P = 0.0000). Prognosis of survival for individuals with progression-free interval >12 months was better than that of those with the interval 1.0 cm after primary operation should be considered prudently.     

The role of bowel surgery with cytoreduction for epithelial ovarian cancer

AimsTo assess the efficiency and morbidity associated with bowel resection with the initial cytoreduction procedure for advanced ovarian cancer.Materials and methodsA review was carried of 95 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery between 2000 and 2003. The relationship between dichotomised preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative outcome variables were tested using SPSS software. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to compare survival. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the independent significance of factors after cytoreductive surgery.ResultsIn patients in whom bowel resection was carried out, the largest residual tumour mass was <1 cm in 66.67% of patients, compared with 45.28% of patients undergoing surgery without bowel resection (P = 0.038). The median survival in the optimally debulked patients was 50.38 months compared with 37.15 months in the patients who had suboptimal cytoreduction (P = 0.0021). The median survival in patients undergoing bowel resection was 50.70 months compared with 44.62 months in the patients who had cytoreduction without bowel resection (P = 0.2176). Multivariate analysis showed that optimal cytoreduction (P = 0.005) was found to be independently prognostic for overall survival. Major adverse events, such as ileus, intestinal fistulae, urinary tract fistulae, were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionBowel resection is a worthwhile endeavour in selected patients with advanced ovarian cancer to increase therapeutic efficiency. The surgical morbidity rate from these procedures is not serious and seems acceptable.     

Secondary cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer

During the 8-year period from 1976 to 1984, 202 patients with a primary ovarian cancer underwent a second-look laparotomy at the Institut Gustave-Roussy (Villejuif). One hundred and nine patients had a macroscopic tumour, in 77 of which there was clinical evidence of disease before the laparotomy. Fifty-seven patients underwent an optimal resection of the tumour (largest residual tumour less than 2 cm) and 52 underwent non-optimal cytoreductive surgery or isolated biopsies. In 22 cases the optimal resection necessitated a bowel resection. Survival curves suggest: (1) that the removal of macroscopic residual disease does not improve life expectancy except in the cases of optimal resection without bowel resection. (2) When there is evidence of disease before the second-look operation the prognosis remains the same whatever the surgery performed.