改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压及预后的改善作用

目的探讨改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压(ICP)及预后的改善作用。方法选取2013-05-2015-03我院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各38例,对照组采用标准去大骨瓣减压术,观察组采用改良去大骨瓣减压术。比较术前及术后第1、3、5天2组颅内压,同时采用生活质量评价量表(SF-36)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分表(GCS)评估预后,并记录并发症发生率。结果术后第1、3、5天观察组ICP水平[(20.33±1.01)mmHg、(17.62±1.65)mmHg、(13.54±2.31)mmHg]低于对照组(P0.05),对照组ICP在术后第3天开始明显下降(P0.05);术后1个月,观察组SF-36评分(84.57±1.25)分、GCS评分(13±1)分明显高于对照组(78.49±2.46)分、(12±2)分(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率5.3%低于对照组21.0%(P0.05)。结论改良去大骨瓣减压术可有效降低重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压,改善预后,且并发症发生率低于标准去大骨瓣减压术,值得临床推广应用。     

标准大骨瓣开颅加颞肌贴敷减压术与大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效

目的观察大骨瓣开颅加颞肌贴敷减压与单纯大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗大面积脑梗死的临床效果。方法 84例大面积脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗,观察组采用大骨瓣开颅+颞肌贴敷减压治疗。比较2组预后,术前、术后各时间点脑梗死灶体积变化情况,手术前后不同时间点大脑中动脉平均流速变化。结果观察组预后分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级比例显著高于对照组,观察组术后1d、7d、14d脑梗死灶体积显著小于对照组,观察组术后7d、术后14dMCA平均流速显著高于对照组。结论采用标准大骨瓣开颅加颞肌贴敷减压术治疗大面积脑梗死,患者预后良好,脑侧支循环代偿、血管再通等改善显著,值得临床推广。     

颅内压监测在幕上大面积脑梗死减压术后治疗的应用价值

目的 探讨颅内压监测在幕上大面积脑梗死患者减压术后治疗中的作用及对预后的影响.方法 根据手术方法不同,将43例幕上大面积脑梗死患者分为监测组26例(去骨瓣减压并颞肌贴敷术+颅内压监测术)及对照组17例(去骨瓣减压并颞肌贴敷术),分析两组患者术后7 d脱水剂使用量、术后并发症(肾功能异常、电解质紊乱、颅内感染、应激性溃疡...     

改良去骨瓣减压术与传统外伤大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨改良去骨瓣减压术与传统外伤大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法分析2010-01—2015-02我院收治的125例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,根据去骨瓣减压术不同随机分为改良组和传统对照组,比较2组手术情况和临床疗效。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间分别为(52.57±14.45)min、(93.19±25.47)mL、(14.42±2.14)d,对照组分别为(71.36±20.25)min、(128.06±39.43)mL、(21.46±4.07)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组预后显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤中有较好的疗效,可显著改善患者预后,建议临床推广。     

大骨瓣减压联合内减压治疗大面积脑梗死临床分析

目的观察大骨瓣减压联合内减压治疗大面积脑梗死的效果。方法选取赣州市人民医院不同时期收治的大面积脑梗死手术治疗患者50例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组各25例,对照组采用单纯大骨瓣减压手术治疗,实验组采用大骨瓣减压联合内减压手术治疗,对比2组患者治疗前后GCS(格拉斯哥昏迷指数)评分、住院时间、ICU时间、病死率、GOS(格拉斯哥预后评分)分级情况。结果手术治疗前2组患者GCS评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月实验组患者GCS评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者住院时间、ICU时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组病死率12.00%,低于对照组的44.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者GOS分级表现优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大骨瓣减压联合内减压治疗大面积脑梗死的效果显著,有推广价值。     

改良大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤近期预后的影响

目的探讨改良大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤近期预后的影响。方法 2012年1月至2014年12月收治重型颅脑损伤83例,采用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗39例(对照组),采用改良大骨瓣减压术治疗44例(观察组);术后6个月采用GOS评分评价预后;术后48 h彩色多普勒超声测定大脑中动脉血流动力学。结果术后6个月,观察组恢复良好21例,中残8例,重残10例,植物生存3例,死亡2例;对照组恢复良好10例,中残8例,重残9例,植物生存9例,死亡3例;观察组预后明显优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组急性脑膨出发生率(15.91%)明显低于对照组(30.90%;P0.05)。术后48 h,观察组双侧大脑中动脉平均血流速度、舒张期最小血流速度均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而搏动指数、阻抗指数均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣减压术显著改善重型颅脑损伤近期预后及术后双侧大脑中动脉血流动力学。     

去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死(附30例报道)

目的 探讨去骨瓣减压治疗大面积脑梗死的意义、手术适应证及手术技巧。方法 回顾分析2010年7月～2015年7月江门市中心医院神经外科收治的30例大面积脑梗死行去骨瓣减压术患者的临床资料,总结分析其手术的意义、手术时机及手术操作的体会。结果 25例患者术后存活,5例死亡。去骨瓣减压术后格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)较术前明显改善(t=-5.08,P<0.05)。术前瞳孔散大24例,术后有16例瞳孔缩小(80%)。术后绝大多数病例CT中线移位较术前回复(28/30)。术后3个月时GOS评分4分7例,3分17例,2分1例,1分5例。结论 去骨瓣减压术是大面积脑梗死的有效治疗手段,早期外科干预、术中充分减压可提高大面积脑梗死患者的生存率。     

持续颅内压监测对重型颅脑损伤标准大骨瓣减压术后治疗的影响

目的探讨持续颅内压监测在重型颅脑损伤中的意义。方法选取昆明市第一人民医院神经外科2016-01—2018-01收治的重型颅脑损伤行标准大骨瓣减压术患者51例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,观察组行联合持续颅内压监测和标准大骨瓣减压术,对照组仅行标准大骨瓣减压术。观察比较2组颅内压、GCS评分和预后情况。结果 2组治疗前颅内压水平无显著差异,治疗后较治疗前均有所下降(P0.05),观察组治疗后较对照组治疗后,颅内压水平更低(P0.05)。2组术前GCS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后7d较术前均增高(P0.05),观察组术后7dGCS评分较对照组术前GCS评分更高(P0.05)。观察组总有效率88.5%,对照组总有效率80.0%,观察组预后优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论持续颅内压监测有利于重型颅脑损伤标准大骨瓣减压术后的治疗。     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗额颞部重型颅脑损伤对照研究

目的对比标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术与常规骨瓣开颅术治疗额颞部重型颅脑损伤的效果。方法 2014-01—2016-01在我院治疗的102例额颞部重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为实验组和对照组各51例,实验组患者应用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗,对照组患者给予常规骨瓣开颅术治疗,观察2组治疗效果和并发症发生率。结果实验组治疗效果良好率41.18%(21/51),病死率7.84%(4/51),并发症发生率15.69%(8/51),显著优于对照组的21.57%、23.53%和50.98%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对额颞部重型颅脑损伤患者采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术可提高治疗效果,降低并发症发生率和病死率,从而显著改善了患者的预后,值得临床推广。     

内减压术治疗大脑半球大面积梗死临床分析

目的探讨内减压术治疗大脑半球大面积梗死患者的疗效。方法选择河南科技大学第一附属医院2014—2018年收治的大面积脑梗死患者,分为对照组和观察组。对照组采取标准大骨瓣外减压术。观察组采取标准大骨瓣外减压术+内减压术。观察2组患者的减压效果及二次手术率,并评估3个月后预后。结果对照组6例减压不充分需行二次手术,发生率为26.1%。观察组1例出现再出血行二次手术,发生率为4.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.06)。观察组与对照组患者3个月的预后,病死率及致残率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论内减压术对于大面积脑梗死患者安全有效,可提高外减压手术的减压效果,而对患者的预后无不良影响。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.