酒精对幼鼠海马神经组织发育及Kainate受体的影响

目的探讨酒精对幼鼠神经组织发育及红藻氨酸(kainate,KA)受体表达的影响。方法从小鼠P7龄开始,用20%酒精皮下注射法建立胎儿酒精系列紊乱(fetal alcohol spectrum disorder,FASD)模型并以生理盐水注射的幼鼠为对照组(酒精实验组80只,对照组40只),两组各每天测量体重,并观察一般生物学特性,建模完成后进行Morrirs水迷宫行为学检测。另取P7小鼠30只(酒精实验组15只,对照组15只),皮下注射酒精和生理盐水24h后取脑组织进行FJB染色。免疫荧光法检测KA受体亚型KA1、KA2、Glu R-6及GFAP的表达情况。结果注射3周后,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠体重增长速度明显降低(对照组21.13g±1.72g,实验组13.96g±2.98g,P0.05);Morrirs水迷宫实验发现,实验组较对照组逃避潜伏期时间明显延长(对照组21.05s±5.31s,实验组34.15s±3.26s,P0.05),穿越平台次数也明显减少(对照组2.70次±1.25次,实验组0.93次±0.80次,F=2.505,P0.05);GFAP荧光结果显示实验组小鼠从酒精注射7 d开始星形胶质细胞发育发生异常;FJB结果显示实验组皮质、海马、丘脑都有神经元细胞大量死亡;实验组小鼠P14龄Glu R-6和KA2亚型在海马CA区表达有上调。结论海马CA区KA受体Glu R-6和KA2亚型可能与酒精影响的幼鼠海马神经组织发育有关。     

孕期酒精暴露对子代小鼠视皮质N-SMase/Cer的影响

目的探讨孕期酒精暴露后子代小鼠大脑视皮质神经酰胺(ceramide,Cer)和中性鞘磷脂酶(sphingomyelinase,N-SMase)的变化趋势。方法通过建立孕期酒精暴露模型鼠,利用免疫荧光技术和荧光分光光度法检测各实验组Cer和NSMase的变化趋势。结果孕期酒精暴露后子代小鼠大脑视皮质神经细胞Cer含量和N-SMase酶活性较对照组明显增加,差异具有统计学意义。结论孕期酒精暴露可导致子代小鼠视皮质神经细胞N-SMase酶活性增加,水解鞘磷脂生成Cer,最终诱导细胞凋亡。     

酒精诱发发育中大脑神经元凋亡机制研究进展

胎儿酒精综合征(FAS)是由于孕妇饮酒给胎儿造成的永久性出生缺陷,酒精诱导的神经元凋亡是引起FAS的主要原因。FAS可导致胎儿出生后的中枢神经系统功能异常及认知功能障碍。近年来大量实验研究表明,酒精可通过多种机制引起发育中的中枢神经元发生凋亡。本文回顾了国内外相关文献,从细胞水平、分子水平、各种相关信号通路、酶活性变化、相关受体及蛋白合成等方面的发病机制及相关因素做一简要综述。     

酒精对神经系统发育的影响

本文综述了酒精对胚胎神经系统发育的影响,可导致头面部畸形、神经生化、电生理异常等。     

神经干细胞移植对视网膜节细胞再生的影响

目的探讨神经干细胞（NSCs）在视神经损伤后对视网膜节细胞轴突再生的作用及其在视神经内迁移和分化。方法实验动物分对照组（PBS组），实验组（NSCs组）；成年SD大鼠在眼球后1min处切断视神经。移植NSCs或PBS至视神经断端；4周后以霍乱毒素B亚基顺行标记观察轴突再生情况，并观察NSCs在视神经内的迁移及免疫组织化学法检测移植后的细胞表达神经丝蛋白（NF）、2，3-环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶（CNP）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的情况。结果4周后视网膜节细胞再生轴突穿过视神经断端到达远端，移植的NSCs分化为星形胶质细胞并在视神经内迁移0．5～1min。免疫组织化学法检测NSCs部分呈GFAP阳性，未见NF、CNP表达。结论NSCs移植可促进视网膜节细胞轴突再生，能在视神经内迁移并在视神经周围分化为星形胶质细胞。     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

目的 观察鱼藤酮毒性作用及阿糖胞苷(ara-c)干预对体外培养中脑腹侧星形胶质细胞增殖、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达的影响. 方法 体外培养大鼠中脑腹侧星形胶质细胞随机分成9组,分别为对照组,10、20、40及60nmol/L鱼藤酮短时程损伤组(用相应浓度鱼藤酮处理24 h),10及20 nmol/L鱼藤酮长时程损伤组(相应浓度鱼藤酮处理30 d),10及20 nmol/L鱼藤酮长时程损伤+ara-c处理组(相应浓度鱼藤酮处理30 d,500nmol/L ara-c处理6 d).增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫细胞化学染色观察细胞增殖情况,GSH检测试剂盒检测细胞GSH含量.免疫细胞化学方法 和Western blot检测GDNF的表达情况. 结果短时程损伤各组10和20 nmol/L鱼藤酮作用 24 h未能使细胞GSH含量及GDNF表达最降低,但40和60 nmol/L鱼藤酮作用24 h可使细胞GSH含量降低、GDNF表达减少.长时程损伤组10和20nmol/L鱼藤酮作用30 d后处于增殖状态的星形胶质细胞比例增高,GSH含量未见降低.但GDNF表达量减少:500nmol/L ara-c抑制细胞增殖后,可使GDNF的表达回升至接近对照组水平且GSH含量明显提高. 结论 鱼藤酮可影响中腩腹侧旱形胶质细胞的增殖和功能,恶化多巴胺能神经元的生存微环境;低浓度ara-c可通过抑制旱形胶质细胞的过度增殖,恢复GDNF表达量并明显提高GSH含量,提示ara-c对帕金森病具有潜在的治疗价值.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

鱼藤酮对中脑星形胶质细胞的损伤及阿糖胞苷的干预作用

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

HNG抗脑出血炎性损伤的神经保护作用

目的 研究[Gly14]-humanin(HNG)对脑出血(ICH)模型大鼠的神经保护作用. 方法 将健康雄性SD大鼠30只采用随机数字表法分为HNG治疗组(10只)、模型组(10只)、假手术组(10只),立体定向注射自体血制作ICH模型,假手术组仪插入针,HNG治疗组大鼠在造模后侧脑室注射HNG,72 h后观察血肿周围胶质细胞和凋亡细胞的变化. 结果 术后72 h,HNG治疗组星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞形态与模型组比较胞体小,突起短、细;HNG治疗组血肿周围胶质纤维酸性蛋白GFAP、OX42阳性细胞数以及凋亡细胞数量005.3±10.19,173.2±21.72.26.1±5.97)较模型组(141.8±9.77,212.2±15.38,48.6±10.94)明显减少,但仍高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05). 结论 HNG在大鼠ICH后血肿周围脑组织中具有抗炎症性神经保护作用.     

兔视神经损伤后谷氨酸对视网膜的兴奋毒性损伤作用研究

目的探讨家兔视神经损伤后谷氨酸浓度变化对视网膜的兴奋毒性及其作用机制。方法 40只健康雄性日本大耳白家兔随机分成2组,A组35只,B组5只。A组家兔左眼为实验制备视神经损伤模型,右眼为对照眼。B组家兔双眼同时制备视神经损伤模型。分别于第1、3、7、14及28d随机处死A组7只家兔及B组1只家兔,检测家兔实验眼和对照眼视网膜谷氨酸浓度,并观察B组家兔视网膜病理形态学改变。结果家兔视神经损伤后视网膜内谷氨酸浓度逐渐升高,3d达到高峰,14d时家兔实验眼视网膜谷氨酸浓度仍高于对照眼(p<0.05),28d时其视网膜谷氨酸浓度无统计学差异(p>0.05)。家兔视网膜病理形态学观察:视神经损伤后1d,神经节细胞排列紊乱;3～7d,视网膜节细胞大量空泡化;7d～14d,视网膜厚度变薄,神经节细胞减少;14d后视网膜各层细胞改变逐步趋于稳定。结论家兔视神经损伤后,视网膜谷氨酸浓度升高是视网膜神经节细胞继发损伤的原因之一。     

尼莫地平对大鼠面神经损伤的保护作用及GDNF表达的影响

目的 探讨尼莫地平对大鼠面神经损伤的保护作用及对胶质细胞源性神经生长因子(GDNF)表达的影响.方法 96只大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、单纯损伤组、尼莫地平预处理组、尼莫地平后处理组,后三组建立大鼠面神经电损伤模型.应用HE染色、Western blotting等方法,观察大鼠面神经损伤后不同时期(1、3、6月)GDNF的动态表达变化及尼莫地平不同给药时间对其表达的影响.结果 与单纯损伤组相比,尼莫地平预处理组大鼠面神经损伤程度减轻,GDNF表达升高,持续时间延长;尼莫地平预处理组GDNF表达和尼莫地平后处理组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);尼莫地平后处理组GDNF表达在3月、6月时与单纯损伤组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 预防性应用尼莫地平可以保护面神经,其机制可能是通过调节GDNF的表达而实现的.

Abstract：

Objective To study the protective function of nimodipine on facial nerve injury and its effect on the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, facial nerve injury group, nimodipine pretreatment group, and nimodipine post-treatment group. Rat models of facial nerve injury in thc later 3groups were established. The dynamic changes of expression of GDNF were observed by HE staining and Western blotting in different treatment groups and at different time points (1, 3 and 6 months after the injury). Restdts Compared with the facial nerve injury group, the nimodipine pretreatment and post-treatment groups had significantly less severe nerve damage and significantly up-rcgulated expression of GDNF (P＜0.05). The expression of GDNF in the nimodipine pretreatment group was statistically higher than that in the nimodipine post-treatment group (P＜0.05). However, the expression of GDNF in the nimodipine post-treatment group was not statistically different from that in the facial nerve injury group 3 and 6 months after the injury (P＞0.05). Conclusion Nimodipine has significant facial nerve protective effect, and one of the mechanisms of nimodipine to protect the facial nerve is to regulate the GDNF expression.     

中枢神经系统NMDA受体及酒精对其作用的研究进展

ＮＭＤＡ受体是中枢神经系统中一种重要的兴奋性谷氨酸受体，与学习、记忆及神经系统发育有重要关系。酒精是ＮＭＤＡ受体的非竞争性拮抗剂，其作用位点尚不明确，现已发现与ＮＭＤＡ受体亚基、甘氨酸调节位点、磷酸化位点及疏水区有联系。长期酒精接触可造成ＮＭＤＡ受体的超兴奋状态，这是酒精戒断症状（尤其是癫痫样发作）、神经变性的一个重要原因。     

酒精对破伤风抗毒素皮试结果判断的影响

目的 探讨酒精对破伤风抗毒素(TAT)皮试结果的影响.方法 抽取500例外伤后需注射TAT预防的患者,其中120例饮酒时间距TAT皮试时间＞12h,112例饮酒时间距TAT皮试时间＜12h,268例患者饮酒时间＞24h(24h内无饮酒史).每位患者均用同样的方法做TAT皮试,均在皮试后15～20min观察结果.结果 1组24h内无饮酒阳性率为20%,2组饮酒时间＞12h的阳性率33%,3组饮酒时间＜12h的阳性率63%.结论 TAT皮试距患者饮酒时间距离越近观察到的阳性率就越高,所以对于饮酒后需注射TAT的患者最好在受伤后的24h内距饮酒时间越长越好,这样既可减少因酒精作用引起TAT皮试假阳性率,同时也能降低患者对酒精的敏感度.