阿托伐他汀强化治疗对脑血管介入诊疗术后造影剂肾病的影响

目的探讨脑血管介入诊断与治疗中术前应用强化阿托伐他汀治疗对造影剂肾病的预防作用。方法选取2014—2015年在我院进行脑血管造影术患者80例,随机分为2组分别在围术期应用大剂量与常规剂量阿托伐他汀治疗。结果研究组术后造影剂肾病发生率相比对照组明显降低(P0.05),术后血肌酐及尿β2微球蛋白改变相比对照组明显减小(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀强化治疗能够有效预防脑血管介入术中造影剂肾病的发生,同时还可以减少肾损害,具有较高的有效性与安全性。     

阿托伐他汀在缺血性脑卒中二级预防中的应用

目的观察阿托伐他汀在缺血性脑卒中二级预防中的应用效果。方法选择我院收治的86例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,2组均给予脑梗死常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予拜阿司匹林治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予阿托伐他汀治疗。比较2组治疗前后血脂改善情况,观察随访期间脑血管事件复发情况。结果2组治疗后TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、TC均显著优于治疗前,观察组改善效果更显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗1a后缺血性脑血管事件复发率显著低于对照组,病死率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀在缺血性脑卒中二级预防中疗效显著,可显著降低脑血管事件发生率,改善患者血脂水平,值得临床推广应用。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死临床探讨

目的 探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对血脂水平、血清CRP的影响.方法 随机将136例脑梗死患者分为大剂量组（n=66）和小剂量组（n=70）,大剂量组采用阿托伐他汀40 mg,qn,po;小剂量组采用阿托伐他汀10 mg,qn,po,疗程均为14 d,比较2组治疗后NIHSS评分、血脂水平、血清CRP的改善程度.结果 治疗14 d后,大剂量组NIHSS评分和血清hs-CRP、血脂水平（TC、TG、LDL）下降程度明显高于小剂量组,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 大剂量阿托伐他汀可明显降低血脂水平,稳定斑块,降低心脑血管病的风险,安全性高,值得临床推广使用.     

瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂CRP及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响比较

目的比较瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂、CPR及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法将480例急性脑梗死患者随机分为瑞舒伐他汀组和阿托伐他汀组各240例,2组采用相同的基础治疗,瑞舒伐他汀组在此基础上加载瑞舒伐他汀,10mg/(次·d),阿托伐他汀组则加载阿托伐他汀,10mg/(次·d),均连续治疗24周。所有患者均于治疗前及治疗后12、24周采血,测定血脂四项,并于治疗前及治疗后12、24周行颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉粥样斑块内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)并采血测量C反应蛋白(CRP)。结果治疗后12周、24周,2组TC、TG、LDL-C和CRP较疗前有不同程度的下降,其治疗后瑞舒伐他汀组中者TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著低于阿托伐他汀组;瑞舒伐他汀组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度较疗前显著下降且低于同时期阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者长期应用瑞舒伐他汀,可降低血脂水平并减少颈动脉斑块IMT及斑块内炎症反应,疗效优于阿托伐他汀。     

阿托伐他汀强化治疗对缺血性脑血管病介入治疗后近-中期脑血管疾病的影响

目的：观察阿托伐他汀强化治疗对缺血性脑血管病患者经脑血管介入治疗后近‐中期脑血管疾病事件的影响。方法全脑血管造影术并脑血管介入手术246例（其中颈动脉支架182例，椎动脉支架64例），按随机数字表法分为强化组123例和对照组123例，强化组术前7 d至术后6个月给予阿托伐他汀钙片（立普妥）80 mg晚一次口服，对照组术前7 d至术后6个月给予阿托伐他汀钙片（立普妥）20 m g晚一次口服，分别于7 d前、术前、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月监测肝功能、肌酸激酶，术后3个月、6个月超声或脑血管造影评估支架稳定情况、血管再狭窄情况及随访记录术后3个月、6个月主要脑血管事件。结果2组监测肝功能、肌酸激酶未见明显异常差别，术后3个月、6个月血管超声或脑血管造影评估支架稳定情况、血管再狭窄情况强化组未出现血管再狭窄，对照组出现8例血管再狭窄，记录介入治疗后近‐中期随访脑血管疾病事件发生率，强化组未发生脑血管疾病事件，对照组为10.6％，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论缺血性脑血管病介入手术前及术后给予阿托伐他汀强化治疗可有效降低缺血性脑血管病介入治疗后脑卒中发生风险，中远期血管再狭窄率较低。     

阿托伐他汀对脑梗死后抑郁症状的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对脑梗死后抑郁症状有无影响. 方法 回顾性分析云南省第一人民医院神经内科自2009年6月至2010年12月诊治的404例大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者的临床资料,其中阿托伐他汀强化降脂组201例,阿托伐他汀标准降脂组151例,未给降脂组52例;降脂治疗男性组189例,降脂治疗女性组163例.随访观察3个月,评价治疗前后患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分并进行统计学分析. 结果 降脂治疗前后患者HAMD评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).强化降脂组、标准降脂组HAMD评分分别与未降脂组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);无抑郁症状、轻中度抑郁症状的脑梗死患者HAMD评分在强化降脂组、标准降脂组与未降脂组间比较差异亦无统计学意义(P.0.05).降脂治疗后3月女性患者HAMD评分明显高于男性患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但2组间降脂治疗后胆固醇水平、胆同醇降低幅度、阿托伐他汀剂量等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 阿托伐他汀降脂治疗不会影响脑梗死后抑郁症状.女性脑梗死后抑郁症状与胆固醇水平、胆同醇降低幅度、阿托伐他汀剂量无关.     

阿托伐他汀联合尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死临床观察

目的探讨阿托伐他汀联合尤瑞克林对急性脑梗死患者脑血管储备能力(CVR)及神经功能的影响。方法选择2015-08—2016-08许昌县人民医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者94例,随机分为2组各47例。2组均予以常规治疗,对照组在此基础上服用阿托伐他汀,观察组在对照组基础上加用尤瑞克林。比较2组CVR、神经功能、血清一氧化氮(NO)及血压水平。结果观察组CVR与血清NO水平均明显高于对照组,神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗前后血压水平均无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死患者,可有效舒张血管,减少斑块破裂,提高脑血管储备能力,减轻神经功能缺损,具有应用价值。     

阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者hs-CRP、MMP-9水平的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀干预后脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平变化.方法 选取急性动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死44例,分为两组,分别服用阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林组（A组）和单独服用阿司匹林组（NA组）,测定3个月前后hs-CRP、MMP-9和血脂水平的变化.结果 A组hs-CRP,MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著下降（P〉0.05）,而NA组治疗前后无明显变化.治疗前后血脂水平比较A组TC、LDL-C水平显著下降,NA组变化不明显,TG在两组变化均不明显.结论 阿托伐他汀可能通过减轻炎症反应来稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,从而降低脑血管疾病的发生率和病死率.     

瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂、血清超敏C反应蛋白及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块作用的比较

目的比较瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法在标准缺血性脑卒中治疗的基础上,瑞舒伐他汀组加用瑞舒伐他汀10mg/d,阿托伐他汀组加用阿托伐他汀片20 mg/d,治疗6个月。于治疗前及治疗后6个月,检测患者血脂、hsCRP水平,颈动脉超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果与治疗前比较,瑞舒伐他汀组与阿托伐他汀组6个月时总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和hs-CRP水平均显著降低(均P0.05)。6个月时,瑞舒伐他汀组TC、TG、LDL-C及hs-CRP水平显著低于阿托伐他汀组及对照组(均P0.05)。3组间治疗前内-中膜厚度(IMT)差异无统计学意义;与治疗前及对照组比较,瑞舒伐他汀组与阿托伐他汀组6个月时IMT及低回声斑块比率显著降低,高回声斑块率显著增高(均P0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组及对照组患者第6个月的NIHSS评分及mRS评分均显著低于治疗前(均P0.05)。治疗前及治疗后6个月时,3组间NIHSS评分及mRS评分差异无统计学意义。结论瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀能显著降低急性脑梗死患者血脂及血清hs-CRP水平,抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。瑞舒伐他汀的降脂及抗炎作用比阿托伐他汀更强。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对缺血性脑血管病患者临床生化指标的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对缺血性脑血管病患者临床生化指标的影响。方法采用随机双盲对照方法,收集我院100例缺血性脑血管患者,随机分成2组,实验组(50例)在常规治疗缺血性脑血管病基础上给予阿托伐他汀40mg/d治疗,对照组(50例)在常规治疗缺血性脑血管病基础上给予阿托伐他汀20mg/d治疗,疗程均为3个月。检测并对比2组治疗前后临床生化指标。结果 2组三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与治疗前比较均显著下降(P0.05);同时,2组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与治疗前比较明显升高(P0.05)。实验组空腹血糖(FBS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平与治疗前比较明显升高(P0.05),对照组无明显变化(P0.05)。结论不同剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗3个月后均能有效改善血脂水平,而高剂量(40mg/d)阿托伐他汀可能导致血糖异常,低剂量(20mg/d)阿托伐他汀对患者血糖升高无影响,对于缺血性脑血管病患者采用低剂量阿托伐他汀治疗更安全有效。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。