醒脑静注射液对高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创穿刺引流术后脑水肿及炎性介质的影响

目的探讨高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创穿刺引流术后醒脑静注射液的临床应用价值。方法选取2008-01—2013-12我院收治的高血压基底节区脑出血患者60例,随机分为2组,分别行微创穿刺引流与联合醒脑静注射液治疗。结果治疗2周后观察组治疗显效率与总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。术后2周2组患者的脑水肿体积明显减小,血清AQP4水平明显降低;观察组术后脑水肿体积明显小于对照组(P0.05),血清AQP4水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论高血压基底节区脑出血术后应用醒脑静注射液能够明显提高临床治疗效果,减轻术后脑水肿的症状,降低炎性介质水平,具有较高临床价值。     

醒脑静注射液对脑出血后脑水肿的影响及临床疗效

目的探讨醒脑静注射液对于脑出血后继发脑水肿的影响及疗效。方法收集2012-01—2014-01我院收治的脑出血后脑水肿患者88例,随机分为观察组与对照组各44例,对照组予以常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上应用醒脑静注射液治疗,比较2组临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率86.4%,显著高于对照组的63.6%;治疗后2组血肿大小以及水肿体积均显著缩小,但观察组显著小于对照组(P0.05);2组SSS评分均显著降低,但观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05);2组ADL评分均显著提高,但观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液用于治疗脑出血后脑水肿,可有效减轻患者脑水肿,改善神经功能缺损及日常生活能力,值得推广应用。     

醒脑静注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑出血的疗效及对患者神经功能的影响

目的探讨醒脑静注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑出血的疗效及对患者神经功能的影响。方法选取我院收治的急性脑出血患者98例,依据随机数字表法随机分为观察组49例与对照组49例。观察组采用醒脑静注射液联合依达拉奉治疗,对照组仅给予依达拉奉治疗。2组疗程均为14d。比较2组疗效,治疗前后NIHSS评分、GCS评分、hs-CRP、NSE、IL-6水平变化及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率(89.80%)高于对照组(69.39%)(P0.05);2组NIHSS评分治疗后明显减少(P0.05);观察组NIHSS评分治疗后低于对照组(P0.05);2组GCS评分治疗后增加(P0.05);观察组GCS评分治疗后高于对照组(P0.05);2组血清hs-CRP、NSE、IL-6水平治疗后下降(P0.05);观察组血清hs-CRP、NSE、IL-6水平治疗后低于对照组(P0.05);2组均未见严重药物不良反应。结论醒脑静注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑出血患者疗效显著,可明显改善患者神经功能,具有重要意义。     

醒脑静注射液治疗急性脑出血的疗效观察

目的 观察醒脑静注射液治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效.方法 选取我院2012-01-2014-01收治的急性脑出血患者65例,随机分为2组,均给予脱水降颅压、神经营养及康复等治疗措施,对照组32例,在常规治疗的基础上加用胞二磷胆碱钠注射液入5％葡萄糖注射液250mL中静滴,1次/d;试验组33例在常规治疗的基础上加用20 mL醒脑静注射液加入250mL 0.9％氯化钠注射液中静滴,1次/d.2组均治疗14 d为一个疗程.观察2组患者治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及日常生活活动能力评分(ADL),检测治疗前后血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平,对比2组临床疗效.结果 治疗14 d后,试验组患者血清hs-CRP水平较对照组下降更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组治疗后NIHSS评分及ADL评分均有所改善,但试验组改善更为明显(P＜0.05);试验组总有效率明显高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 醒脑静注射液治疗急性脑出血患者效果明显,可有效改善患者神经功能,提高日常生活活动能力,降低血清hs-CRP水平,且安全性较高,值得临床推广.     

醒脑静注射液对高血压脑出血患者炎症因子的影响

目的观察醒脑静注射液对高血压脑出血患者炎症因子的影响。方法选取我院神经内科收治的高血压脑出血患者86例,随机分为治疗组46例,对照组40例。2组均给予常规治疗,吸氧、脱水、控制血压、营养脑细胞等对症支持治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上,加用醒脑静注射液20mL静滴,1次/d,连续治疗14d,观察治疗前后患者血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平变化。结果经14d治疗,治疗组血清CRP水平、TNF-α水平IL-6水平均显著下降,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液治疗脑出血疗效显着,可能与降低患者血清CRP、TNF-α和IL-6等炎症因子水平有关。     

立体定向穿刺引流术治疗基底节区脑出血的价值探究

目的探究立体定向穿刺引流术治疗基底节区脑出血的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析长江大学附属荆州市第一人民医院颅脑外科自2019年6月至2020年6月治疗的66例基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料，根据手术方式的不同分为2组，其中行传统开颅手术治疗的33例患者为对照组，采用立体定向穿刺引流术治疗的33例患者为引流组，观察并比较2组患者围术期指标、疗效、血清水通道蛋白4（AQP4）、血小板反应蛋白（TSP）1和TSP2水平、脑水肿体积。 结果引流组手术时间及住院时间均短于对照组，术中失血量低于对照组，血肿清除率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；引流组术后疗效较对照组好，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；引流组患者血清AQP4、TSP1、TSP2水平较对照组低，脑水肿体积较对照组小，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论立体定向穿刺引流术治疗可改善基底节区脑出血患者围术期指标、增强疗效、降低血清AQP4水平、减少脑水肿体积。     

依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血的疗效观察

目的探讨依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法将120例我院于2010-04-2010-08收治的急性脑出血病人随机分为2组,观察组与对照组各60例。观察组给予依达拉奉与醒脑静注射液联合应用。对照组给予依达拉奉注射液静滴,14d为1个疗程。比较2组神经功能缺损修复情况及GCS评分情况及临床总体疗效。结果醒脑静与依达拉奉联用与单用依达拉奉相比,总体疗效效果提高,P〈0.05。有效改善神经功能缺损及GCS评分,P〈0.05;单用依达拉奉治疗后有效地改善神经功能缺损P〈0.05,对GCS无影响P〉0.05。结论依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血,有效改善神经功能缺损及GCS,减少病死率,提高总体疗效,值得临床推广。     

醒脑静注射液联合穿刺碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的观察醒脑静注射液联合穿刺碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法将74例高血压脑出血患者抽签随机分为对照组和观察组各37例。入院后均行微创穿刺碎吸术治疗,对照组术后给予西医常规处理,观察组在对照组基础上加用醒脑静注射液。治疗期均为14d,比较2组临床疗效,治疗前后密切监测患者血清炎性因子及神经功能缺损情况(NIHSS)。结果观察组总有效率(94.59%)较对照组(75.68%)高,且治疗后血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6较治疗前、对照组治疗后均有降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论穿刺碎吸术后加用醒脑静注射液,有助于抑制高血压脑出血患者血清炎性反应,降低神经缺损程度,疗效显著。     

醒脑静联合依达拉奉治疗重症脑出血临床分析

目的分析醒脑静注射液与依达拉奉联合应用治疗重症脑出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008-05—2010-03收治的144例重症脑出血患者,随机分为观察组82例及对照组62例,2组均给予西医常规疗法,对照组加用依达拉奉,观察组加用醒脑静注射液与依达拉奉。比较2组临床总体疗效、神经功能缺损修复及GCS评分情况。结果观察组总有效率87.8%,死亡1例,治疗组总有效率66.1%,死亡1例。2组总体疗效比较,P〈0.05。对照组治疗后与治疗前比较,有效改善神经功能缺损（P〈0.05）,对GCS评分无影响（P〉0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组患者有效改善神经功能缺损及GCS评分（P〈0.05）。结论依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗重症脑出血能提高临床总有效率,有效改善神经功能缺损及GCS评分,值得临床推广。     

左乙拉西坦与醒脑静联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗癫痫临床观察

目的探讨左乙拉西坦与醒脑静注射液联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗癫痫的疗效及对血清细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化的影响。方法选取2015-09—2017-10平煤神马医疗集团总医院癫痫患者114例,以抽签法分为观察组和对照组各57例。对照组采取左乙拉西坦与醒脑静注射液治疗,观察组采取左乙拉西坦与醒脑静注射液联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,均治疗4周。统计2组临床效果、不良反应发生率,并对比2组治疗前、治疗4周后的认知功能评分(MoCA)、脑电图情况(尖波时程、尖波数量)以及血清ICAM-1、TNF-α水平。结果观察组治疗4周后总有效率高于对照组(P0.05);2组治疗前MoCA评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组治疗4周后MoCA评分升高,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05);2组治疗4周后脑电图尖波时程及尖波数量降低,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);2组治疗4周后血清ICAM-1、TNF-α水平降低,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率与对照组对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论癫痫患者给予左乙拉西坦与醒脑静注射液联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗可有效提高临床效果,改善其脑电图及认知功能状况,降低血清ICAM-1、TNF-α水平,安全性高。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。