舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对急性高血压脑出血手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的探讨舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对急性高血压脑出血手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法选择急性高血压脑出血患者87例为研究对象,随机分为试验组44例和对照组43例;试验组给予舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚进行麻醉,对照组给予芬太尼复合丙泊酚进行麻醉,比较2组患者各个麻醉时点时的血流动力学指标变化。结果试验组患者术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间分别为(8.9±3.2)min、(12.7±3.8)min,(16.5±5.6)min,均长于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组患者在T0和T1时点时,2组患者SBP、DBP、HR指标的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),T_2、T_3、T_4时点时,试验组SBP、DBP、HR指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且与对照组比较,试验组术后出现高血压、心动过速以及术后呛咳的几率明显减少。结论舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于急性高血压脑出血手术患者具有较好的麻醉效果,稳定了患者的血流动力学,使患者在比较稳定的状态下接受手术,进而提高了手术的安全性。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中的应用

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的68例行全凭静脉麻醉术的小儿患者的临床资料,根据麻醉药物不同分为治疗组和对照组各34例,治疗组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,对照组采用氯胺酮复合丙泊酚麻醉,比较2组手术过程中血流动力学的变化、术后恢复指标以及术后不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗组在麻醉诱导后、手术切皮时、手术结束后与麻醉诱导前SBP、DBP、HR比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;对照组麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP较麻醉诱导前差异显著,手术切皮时HR显著低于麻醉诱导前（P＜0.05）;治疗组患儿术后自主恢复呼吸时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间均显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组不良反应发生率11.76%,对照组为23.53%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉术中血流动力学无明显波动,术后恢复快,不良反应发生率低,安全有效.     

瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于脑出血微创引流术的麻醉效果观察

目的观察瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于脑出血微创引流术的麻醉效果及安全性。方法 94例脑出血微创引流术患者随机分成观察组和对照组各47例,观察组采用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚麻醉,对照组采用芬太尼和丙泊酚麻醉,比较2组麻醉效果和安全性。结果 2组麻醉诱导后(T_2)、插管后(T_3)的HR、DBP、SBP与麻醉前(T_1)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2组T_3比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组丙泊酚用量、自主呼吸恢复时间、不良反应比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于脑出血微创引流术效果较好,可以减小丙泊酚用量,安全性较高。     

丙泊酚靶控输注复合舒芬太尼在脑胶质瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉对脑胶质瘤切除术患者镇痛及神经损伤的影响。方法将75例择期脑胶质瘤切除术患者,随机数字表简单随机分组为A组(n=37)和B组(n=38);2组均采用相同的麻醉诱导(丙泊酚+舒芬太尼+罗库溴铵),麻醉诱导后,舒芬太尼靶浓度A组为0.1 ng/mL,B组为0.25 ng/mL,麻醉维持采用舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注。记录患者围术期麻醉药物用量、术后补救镇痛及不良反应情况,分别于麻醉诱导前(T_0)、手术结束时刻(T_1)、术后1 h(T_2)、术后12 h(T_3)、术后24 h(T_4)采用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者血清S-100β蛋白(S100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平。结果丙泊酚及舒芬太尼用量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而B组术后补救镇痛率明显低于A组(15.79%vs 48.65%,P0.05)。T_0时刻,2组血清S100β、NSE水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而在T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4时刻,B组S100β、NSE水平均明显低于A组(P0.05)。2组术后不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与0.1 ng/mL靶浓度相比,舒芬太尼靶浓度0.25ng/mL复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉能够提高镇痛效果,并减轻患者神经损伤,且不增加不良反应。     

两种不同药物在脑外科麻醉诱导中对血流动力学的影响比较

目的 探析脑外科麻醉诱导时舒芬太尼的应用对血流动力学的影响。方法 分析2012年3月至2015年1月在我院接受开颅手术治疗的68例患者的临床资料,随机分成观察组(舒芬太尼)和对照组(芬太尼)两组。比较两组患者的血流动力学的相关指标水平变化的情况。结果 对照组患者的HR、DBP及SBP在T2、T3、T4时刻呈显著上升趋势,与观察组患者相应的指标相比,有统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组患者在T2和T4时刻的血浆E、NE水平比对照组患者在相应时刻的水平高,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 在脑外科麻醉诱导时应用舒芬太尼可以使血流动力学的特征维持较为平稳的状态。     

脑电双频指数指导下芬太尼复合靶控输注异丙酚在老年患者纤支镜检查的应用

目的探讨脑电双频指数指导无痛纤支镜老年患者检查的临床应用。方法选择80例,年龄65～75岁行纤支镜检查的患者,随即分2组(n=40),A组间断推注异丙酚、芬太尼组,B组BIS指导下芬太尼复合异丙酚靶控输注组,观察2组六个时间点的Sp02、HR、SBP、DBP、苏醒时间、异丙酚用量及不良事件的发生。结果 B组苏醒时间、异丙酚用量均明显小于A组,异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组不良事件发生率小于A组,差异有计学意义(P<0.05),B组各时间点SBP、DBP、HR、SP02更平稳(P<0.05)。结论在BIS指导下芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注老年患者的无痛纤支镜检查更安全。     

右美托咪定对急性颅脑损伤患者脑功能及血流动力学的影响

目的研究右美托咪定对急性颅脑损伤患者脑功能及血流动力学产生的影响。方法抽取2015-09―2017-01登封市人民医院收治的94例接受开颅血肿清除联合去骨瓣减压术急性颅脑损伤病例为研究对象,依据术后镇静药物差异,分为A组与B组各47例,A组予以右美托咪定,B组予以咪达唑仑,比较2组术前与术后24 h格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)、神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)浓度、术后各时刻心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)。结果术前2组GCS评分及血清NSE浓度对比无显著性差异(P0.05);术后24 h,A组GCS评分与GOS评分显著高于B组,NSE浓度明显低于B组(P0.05);T0时刻,2组HR、SBP、DBP及MAP对比无显著性差异(P0.05);T1、T2、T3时刻,A组HR、SBP、DBP及MAP均明显小于B组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定治疗可保护急性颅脑损伤患者脑功能,并维持血流动力学指标的稳定,优化预后。     

右美托咪定用于脑膜瘤切除术患者的麻醉效果及安全性分析

目的观察右美托咪定用于脑膜瘤切除术患者中的麻醉效果,分析右美托咪定在脑膜瘤切除术中的应用价值及安全性。方法选取2015-01—2016-01郑州大学人民医院诊断治疗的脑膜瘤患者65例为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,2组患者术前采取相同的常规麻醉诱导,实验组麻醉诱导前注射右美托咪定,对照组麻醉诱导前注射生理盐水,观察并对比2组患者入手术室时、切皮时及拔管时的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)等指标,同时对比2组患者麻醉时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间及苏醒期不良反应发生率等,分析右美托咪定在脑膜瘤切除术中的麻醉效果及安全性。结果 2组患者入手术室时的SBP、DBP及HR无明显差异(P0.05),切皮时和拔管时的SBP、DBP及HR比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组患者的麻醉时间和定向力恢复时间无明显差异(P0.05),实验组患者的自主呼吸恢复时间明显小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者苏醒期恶心呕吐、呛咳、躁动及呼吸抑制的发生率分别为17.1%、37.1%、22.9%及0,对照组分别为40.0%、66.7%、46.7%及16.7%,2组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于脑膜瘤切除术患者中麻醉效果显著,不良反应发生率低,安全性高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

急性创伤性颅脑损伤患者的麻醉处理及效果观察

目的观察急性创伤性颅脑损伤患者给予静吸复合麻醉与全凭静脉麻醉的临床效果。方法选择我院收治的82例急性创伤性颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予静吸复合麻醉,观察组给予全凭静脉麻醉。比较2组不同时刻平均动脉压、心率改变情况、苏醒时间、拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间及术后镇静、镇痛效果。结果观察组各时刻与麻醉前平均动脉压、心率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组各时刻与麻醉前平均动脉压、心率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组苏醒时间、拔管时间显著低于对照组,观察组术后第2、3天VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论全凭静脉麻醉在急性创伤性颅脑损伤手术中血流动力学稳定,麻醉效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

舒芬太尼对脑外科麻醉诱导时血流动力学的影响

目的探讨与分析舒芬太尼对脑外科麻醉诱导时血流动力学的影响。方法选择我院择期拟行开颅手术的72例脑外科手术患者作为研究对象,观察组34例采用舒芬太尼进行麻醉诱导,对照组38例采用芬太尼进行麻醉诱导,比较2组患者血流动力学相关指标的变化情况。结果在气管插管后即刻、1min、3min时,对照组SBP、DBP、HR等指标明显升高,与观察组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在气管插管后即刻、3min时,观察组血浆E、NE水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舒芬太尼在脑外科手术患者的麻醉诱导能够有效维持平稳的血流动力学特征。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。