瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中的应用

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的68例行全凭静脉麻醉术的小儿患者的临床资料,根据麻醉药物不同分为治疗组和对照组各34例,治疗组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,对照组采用氯胺酮复合丙泊酚麻醉,比较2组手术过程中血流动力学的变化、术后恢复指标以及术后不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗组在麻醉诱导后、手术切皮时、手术结束后与麻醉诱导前SBP、DBP、HR比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;对照组麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP较麻醉诱导前差异显著,手术切皮时HR显著低于麻醉诱导前（P＜0.05）;治疗组患儿术后自主恢复呼吸时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间均显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组不良反应发生率11.76%,对照组为23.53%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉术中血流动力学无明显波动,术后恢复快,不良反应发生率低,安全有效.     

Narcotrend监测下舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在唤醒麻醉中的应用

目的比较Narcotrend监测下靶控输注舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在脑功能区唤醒麻醉中的效果。方法选择脑功能区手术病人40例,随机分为舒芬太尼（sufentanil,SF）组和瑞芬太尼（remifentanil,RF）组,每组20例。两组分别使用异丙酚复合SF或RF靶控输注诱导,插入喉罩行机械通气,在切口浸润麻醉和硬脑膜表面麻醉下,减少药物浓度使病人在功能定位和切除肿瘤过程中保持清醒。比较两组病人的血流动力学变化、Narcotrend监测下唤醒时间、唤醒质量,通过镇静评分（OAA/S）和视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价两组是否能够提供合适的镇静和镇痛。结果两组均能在较短时间内唤醒病人,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。插喉罩时,SF组的平均动脉压（MAP）高于RF组（P〈0.05）。在唤醒时,RF组心率和MAP明显高于基础值（P〈0.05）,SF组心率高于基础值（P〈0.05）,MAP稍低于基础值。苏醒后,SF组血压低于RF组（P〈0.05）。两组唤醒后的OAA/S评分无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,SF组唤醒后5min、10min、30min的VAS评分明显小于RF组（P〈0.05）。结论SF或RF联合异丙酚均能很好地应用于脑功能区唤醒手术,SF在病人苏醒后能提供更好的镇痛作用,且不延长病人苏醒时间,在苏醒后血流动力学稳定性方面更具有优势。     

瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼在颅脑损伤合并心血管疾病手术患者中的麻醉效果比较

目的：比较瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼在颅脑损伤合并心血管疾病手术患者中的麻醉效果。方法选取我院从2013‐01—2014‐01入院治疗的75例颅脑损伤合并心血管疾病患者为研究对象。按照入院顺序随机分为观察组37例与对照组38例,对照组术中应用瑞芬太尼麻醉,观察组术中应用舒芬太尼麻醉。对比2组手术麻醉效果及围术期各项临床指标。结果2组手术麻醉效果相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组的围术期各项临床指标显著优于对照组,差异具统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼与舒芬太尼两种麻醉药物的手术麻醉效果相近,后者镇痛作用更强,持续时间更久,临床值得广泛应用。     

舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术麻醉苏醒期的影响

目的观察舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术麻醉苏醒期的影响。方法选取120例患者随机分成2组,对照组予以瑞芬太尼静脉复合麻醉,实验组予以舒芬太尼静脉复合麻醉,观察2组清醒时间、拔管时间、血液动力学指标变化、围拔管期不良反应、VAS疼痛评分及术后镇痛药物使用情况。结果实验组清醒时间、拔管时间明显高于对照组,但血流动力学指标显著优于对照组,围拔管期躁动、寒战明显低于对照组,拔管后5min、30min、1hVAS评分及术后24h使用镇痛药物比例均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论舒芬太尼在神经外科手术中的麻醉效果优于瑞芬太尼,值得临床推广。     

舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼用于颅内肿瘤患者全麻诱导的比较

目的比较舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼靶控输注（TCI）在全麻诱导期对神经外科患者血流动力学影响的差异，为临床合理用药提供支持。方法60例拟行开颅肿瘤切除术的患者，分为舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼组（n=30）。分别接受舒芬太尼TCI（血浆靶浓度0．53ng／ml）和瑞芬太尼TCI（血浆靶浓度5．3ng／ml）诱导，均复合丙泊酚TCI和维库溴铵。比较两组患者血流动力学各参数和脑电双频指数（BIS）值的变化。结果舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼TCI在复合异丙酚与维库溴铵行全麻诱导时，具有相似的血流动力学效应，瑞芬太尼所致血流动力学抑制较强，而舒芬太尼（血浆靶浓度0．53ng／ml）抑制气管插管所致的血压升高效果更好。两组患者BIS值无显著差异。结论就神经外科患者全麻诱导插管期的血流动力学稳定性而言，舒芬太尼优于瑞芬太尼。     

舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉在脑动脉瘤栓塞术中的应用效果

目的探讨舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉在脑动脉瘤栓塞术中的应用效果。方法选取我院2013-07—2015-07收治的80例脑动脉瘤栓塞术患者,采取随机数字表法分为单独麻醉组与联合麻醉组,每组40例;单独麻醉组仅给予丙泊酚麻醉,联合麻醉组给予舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉,对比2组患者不同麻醉时间段的平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)水平、自主呼吸与意识恢复时间。结果单独用药组与联合麻醉组T0、T1时间段MAP水平相比无明显差异(t=1.45,P0.05;t=1.76,P0.05)。联合麻醉组较单独麻醉组相比T2、T3及T4时间段MAP水平均明显降低(t=2.56,P0.05;t=2.99,P0.05;t=3.25,P0.05)。单独用药组与联合麻醉组T0、T1时间段HR水平相比无明显差异(t=1.76,P0.05;t=1.89,P0.05)。联合麻醉组较单独麻醉组相比T2、T3及T4时间段HR水平均明显降低(t=2.89,P0.05;t=3.45,P0.05;t=3.38,P0.05)。单独用药组与联合麻醉组自主呼吸恢复时间与意识恢复时间相比均无明显差异(t=1.71,P0.05;t=1.65,P0.05)。结论采用舒芬太尼与丙泊酚联合麻醉应用于脑动脉瘤栓塞术中可获得较为稳定的MAP与HR,麻醉效果显著,不延长自主呼吸及意识恢复时间,值得推广与应用。     

雷米芬太尼联合舒芬太尼用于颅内肿瘤手术的麻醉效果观察

目的探讨雷米芬太尼与舒芬太尼联合应用在颅内肿瘤手术的麻醉效果。方法择期行颅内肿瘤切除术病人45例,ASAI～II级,随机平分为舒芬太尼组(I组)、雷米芬太尼组(II组)和雷米芬太尼联合芬太尼组(III组)。麻醉诱导无区别;麻醉维持:I组切皮前静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1～0.15μg.kg-1,II、III组插管后均持续静脉泵注雷米芬太尼0.2μg.kg-1min-1,术毕停止输注,其中II组于切皮前静脉注射1μg.kg-1的雷米芬太尼,III组静脉注射舒芬太尼0.5～0.8μg.kg-1。3组均持续静脉泵注丙泊酚,维持BIS值低于60%,手术结束前10min停止输注;持续静脉泵注阿曲库铵7～10μg.kg-1.min-1维持肌松,手术结束前30min停止输注。术中监测ETCO2、SpO2、MBP、HR、BIS。结果全组患者一般情况、手术时间组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各时间点MBP、HR、SpO2、BIS,ETCO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);III组雷米芬太尼用量明显低于II组,舒芬太尼用量明显低于I组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后苏醒期,II、III组患者T1、T2、T3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均明显小于I组(P<0.01)。患者拔管后各时间点视觉模拟评分(VAS)I、III组间比较差异无统计学意义,其中II组所有患者均在拔管后即刻诉疼痛,同时出现血压升高,心率加快,舒芬太尼0.2～0.3μg.kg-1分次静脉推注镇痛后好转。结论雷米芬太尼联合芬太尼用于颅内肿瘤手术麻醉配伍合理,循环稳定,苏醒迅速,无不良反应。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼应用于颅脑外伤手术的临床效果比较

目的探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼应用于颅脑外伤手术麻醉的临床效果。方法将纳入研究的72例患者随机分成2组:实验组36例,采用大剂量舒芬太尼麻醉方案;对照组36例,采用小剂量舒芬太尼麻醉方案。观察比较2组的血流动力学及脑电双频谱指数变化情况。结果实验组插管后1min、3min、5min的平均动脉压均显著性低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组插管后1min、3min、5min的心率均显著性低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组插管后1min、3min、5min的脑电双频谱指数水平均显著性低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论大剂量舒芬太尼用于颅脑外伤手术能有效抑制插管后血压和心率大幅度升高,维持良好的麻醉深度。     

外伤性颅内血肿清除术应用舒芬太尼麻醉的效果观察

颅内血肿是颅脑损伤中最常见、最严重的继发病变,发生率占闭合性颅脑损伤的10％和重型颅脑损伤的40％～50％。2011‐10—2013‐10我科对42例接受全麻急诊颅内血肿清除术的患者,分别给予应用等效剂量芬太尼和舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚、维库溴铵行全麻诱导,观察比较气管插管时、苏醒期及气管导管拔出时2组患者血流动力变化及术后恢复情况,现将结果报告如下。     

舒芬太尼与芬太尼在神经外科手术麻醉中的应用效果分析

目的探讨舒芬太尼与芬太尼在神经手术麻醉应用中的临床效果。方法选取我院66例经神经手术治疗的病例,根据麻醉药物的不同随机分为2组,各33例。2组均采用静脉复合麻醉,对照组采用芬太尼,观察组采用舒芬太尼,分别测量记录各项麻醉评估指标,分析两种药物的临床效果。结果 2组在麻醉诱导前各项指标无明显差异;2组在麻醉诱导时最低值、拔管时最高值、人工气腹后最高值HR、SBP、DBP均比麻醉后低;而观察组术后就清醒时间和气管拔管时间与对照组相比,明显缩短。结论舒芬太尼在神经手术的麻醉中效果良好,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注在神经外科手术中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全静脉麻醉在神经外科手术中应用的临床意义。方法对66例神经外科择期手术病人采用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全静脉麻醉。丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼靶浓度分别为2￣4m g/L和2￣5μg/L,间断追加维库溴胺。记录围麻醉期血流动力学、麻醉药用量以及麻醉后恢复情况。结果麻醉诱导后病人收缩压、舒张压均显著性降低(P<0.05),心率减慢(P<0.05),气管插管、切皮前后无明显改变,手术结束后睁眼时心率明显增快(P<0.05),麻醉恢复时病人苏醒较快,自觉舒适,无呼吸再抑制现象。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注,麻醉诱导迅速,维持平稳,停药后清醒快,对气管导管耐受性好,适用于神经外科手术。     

Magnetoencephalography using total intravenous anesthesia in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy: lesional vs nonlesional epilepsy

Purpose: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides source localization of interictal spikes. We use total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol to immobilize uncooperative children. We evaluate the effect of TIVA on interictal spikes in children who have intractable epilepsy with or without MRI lesions. Methods: We studied 28 children (3–14 years; mean, 6.6). We intravenously administered propofol (30–60 μg/kg/min) to record MEG with simultaneous EEG. We evaluated MEG spike sources (MEGSSs). We compared spikes on simultaneous EEG under TIVA with those on scalp video-EEG without TIVA. Results: There was a significant decrease in frequent spikes (10 patients, 36%) on simultaneous EEG under TIVA compared to those (22 patients, 79%) on scalp video-EEG without TIVA (P < 0.01). MEGSSs were present in 21 (75%) of 28 patients. Clustered MEGSSs occurred in 15 (83%) of 18 lesional patients but in 3 (30%) of 10 nonlesional patients (P < 0.05). MEGSSs were more frequently absent in nonlesional (6 patients, 60%) than lesional (one patient, 5%) patients (P < 0.01). Thirteen patients with MRI and/or histopathologically confirmed neuronal migration disorder most frequently showed clustered MEGSSs (11 patients, 85%) compared to those of other lesional and nonlesional patients. Conclusion: Propofol-based TIVA reduced interictal spikes on simultaneous EEG. TIVA for MEG still had utility in identifying spike sources in a subset of pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy who were uncooperative and surgical candidates. In lesional patients, MEG under TIVA frequently localized the clustered MEGSSs. Neuronal migration disorders were intrinsically epileptogenic and produced clustered MEGSSs under TIVA. Nonlesional patients often had no MEGSS under TIVA.     

Comparison of visual evoked potential monitoring during spine surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia versus balanced general anesthesia

Objective

To determine the comparison of its clinical utility and safety profile for visual evoked potential (VEP) monitoring during prone spine surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) versus balanced general anesthesia using the SightSaver? visual stimulator.

靶控输注舒芬太尼和维库溴铵静脉麻醉用于神经外科手术对比分析

目的：对比靶控输注舒芬太尼和维库溴铵静脉麻醉用于神经外科手术的麻醉效果。方法选取2012-01-2013-12我院收治并接受神经外科择期手术的患者46例,随机等分为S组与V组,分别采用舒芬太尼靶控麻醉和维库溴铵静脉麻醉,对麻醉效果及并发症情况进行评估。结果 S组与V组麻醉前后 HR、CVP、SBP及DBP均明显降低（P＜0.05）。与V组比较,S组拔管时间明显缩短,VAS评分明显提高,并发症发生率明显降低。结论在神经外科手术中,舒芬太尼靶控麻醉较维库溴铵静脉麻醉具有更佳麻醉效果和较少的并发症,适合临床应用。     

舒芬太尼与芬太尼对幕上脑肿瘤患者诱导麻醉后颅内压及脑灌注压的影响对比研究

目的探讨舒芬太尼与芬太尼对幕上脑肿瘤患者诱导麻醉后颅内压及脑灌注压的影响,为幕上脑肿瘤手术患者选择最为安全的麻醉诱导方法。方法选取幕上脑肿瘤患者73例,随机分为2组,A组(36例)给予舒芬太尼联合咪达唑仑、异丙酚和顺式阿曲库铵进行麻醉诱导,B组(37例)除将舒芬太尼替换为芬太尼外,其余同A组。对2组颅内压和脑灌注压进行统计。结果自插管后即刻至切皮后,2组颅内压均逐渐升高,且均明显高于诱导前;开骨瓣后2组颅内压均逐渐降低,但仍然高于诱导前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。至开硬膜后,2组颅内压均恢复至诱导前水平。A组自插管后即刻至开硬膜后脑灌注压均明显低于诱导前(P0.05);B组在插管后15min、切皮后以及开骨瓣后脑灌注压明显低于诱导前(P0.05),其他时刻与诱导前差别不大(P0.05)。自插管后即刻至开硬膜后,A组脑灌注压明显低于B组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相同剂量舒芬太尼和芬太尼对幕上脑肿瘤患者进行诱导麻醉,芬太尼对脑灌注压的影响更小,两者对颅内压的影响无明显差别。     

The effects of sufentanil and remifentanil in the isolated perfused rat kidney

In this study, the effects of indomethacin (prostaglandin synthase inhibitor), propranolol (beta adrenergic receptors blocker), tetraethylammonium (TEA) (calcium-dependent potassium channel blocker) and glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker), NG nitro-L-arginine (NO synthetase inhibitor) and naloxane (nonselective opioid receptor antagonists) on the responses induced by sufentanil and remifentanil were investigated in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Renal arter was cannulated. Then the kidney was perfused continuously with warmed (37 degrees C) and aerated (95% O2 and 5% CO2). Krebs Henselieit solution by using a peristaltic pump delivering a constant flow (8-10 ml/min). Vascular responses were detected as changes in perfussion pressure, which was monitored continuously with a pressure transuder and recorded on polygraph. After phenilephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstriction had reached a platoe, sufentanil or remifentanil were given. Vasodilatation was recorded. Antagonists or inhibitors were added and responses were recorded. At the end of each experiment; papaverine was used to obtain the maximum dilatation. None of the used antagonists or inhibitors were not effected the submaximum PE construction. The used opioids were not alter in basal perfusion pressure. Antagonists or inhibitors had no effect on papaverine-induced dilatation. Bolus addition of sufentanil and remifentanil produced concentration dependent vasodilation. Indomethacine L-NAME, propranolol, naloxone and glibenclamide did not significantly alter responses of both of the opioids (p > 0.05). But, sufentanil and remifentanil induced dilatation were significantly affected by TEA (p < 0.05). The present results demonstrated that sufentanil and remifentanil decrease perfusion pressure in the isolated rat kidney and such mechanism may involve the calcium active K+ channels activation.     

Continuous intravenous infusion of TRH-T: clinical, cardiovascular and endocrinological effects

Seven patients, six suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and one from Friedreich ataxia, were treated with a placebo i.v. infusion during the first day and with TRH-T i.v. infusion at a rate of 2 mg/h for 8 h daily (total daily dosage 16 mg) on the 2 consecutive days. Continuous blood pressure (BP) and EKG monitorings were performed during 3 days infusion. Blood samples were collected for endocrinological evaluations. The neurological evaluation after acute TRH-T treatment showed an objective improvement in 3 of the 8. We found significantly higher values of systolic (max. difference of 10.1 mm Hg) and diastolic (max. difference of 8.8 mm Hg) BP than during placebo, beginning from the 5th h of the infusion (p less than 0.05). A trend in progressive increase of the heart rate (HR) reached statistical significance (p less than 0.01) at the 8th h of the second TRH-T infusion. The cardiovascular changes during the i.v. continuous TRH-T infusions were clinically irrelevant and never required the interruption of the treatment.