血压昼夜节律变化与颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块特征的相关性研究

目的 调查血压昼夜节律变化与颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块负荷及易损性的相关性。方法 回顾性分析一个颅内动脉粥样硬化卒中影像队列中的267例卒中患者的临床及影像特征,根据24 h动态血压将其分为杓型血压组、非杓型血压组和反杓型血压组,通过高分辨磁共振血管壁成像及图像分析获得颅内动脉Willis环近端血管壁斑块特征,包括最大管壁厚度、斑块内出血、中重度狭窄（狭窄程度≥50%）、多发斑块（斑块数量≥3个）等指标。比较3组基线特征及颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,校正混杂因素后,采用logistic回归分析血压昼夜节律变化模式与颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块特征的关系。结果 杓型血压组、非杓型血压组和反杓型血压组分别有36、119及112例。(1)反杓型血压组年龄更大（反杓型血压组∶非杓型血压组∶杓型血压组=67.3∶64.6∶61.9岁,P=0.042）,合并糖尿病比例更高（反杓型血压组∶非杓型血压组∶杓型血压组=46.4%∶41.2%∶22.2%,P=0.037）;血压指标中,反杓型血压组24 h平均收缩压更高（反杓型血压组∶非杓型血压组∶杓型血压组=144∶139∶136 mmHg,P=0.025）。(2)杓型...     

动态血压与缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化的关系

目的分析动态血压与缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化(END)的关系。方法以我院收治的100例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,其中早期神经功能恶化(END)者30例(END组),非早期神经功能恶化者70例(非END组),通过动态血压监测系统对2组血压进行动态监测,分析动态血压与END之间的相关性。结果END组高血压、糖尿病、颈动脉狭窄50%及以上比率分别为63.33%、70.00%、70.00%,与非END组的35.71%、45.71%、42.86%比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);END患者中反杓型占40.54%,非杓型占33.33%,反杓型与超杓型、反杓型与杓型、非杓型与杓型比率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组晨峰血压比例比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);2组nMSBP[(142.26±15.63)mmHg vs(135.55±14.47)mmHg]、nMDBP[(75.28±11.48)mmHg vs(70.41±10.58)mmHg]水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血压昼夜节律、晨峰血压与缺血性脑卒中END存在一定的关系,需加强早期缺血性脑卒中动态血压监测。     

杓型和非杓型高血压的T淋巴细胞亚群的差异与分析

目的考察和分析杓型和非杓型高血压的T淋巴细胞亚群的差异。方法收集2015年1月至2016年4月在本院收治的高血压患者204例,将患者分为2组:101例杓型组和103例非杓型组。并选择85例同期健康体检者,96例脑梗死恢复期的患者为对照组。结果治疗后,两组高血压的24h平均收缩压、日间平均收缩压和夜间平均收缩压明显降低(P<0.05),杓型组的舒张压、日间平均舒张压和夜间平均舒张压无明显降低(P>0.05),非杓型组的24h平均舒张压、日间平均舒张压和夜间平均舒张压均降低(P<0.05),与杓型组比,非杓型组的血压仍处于较高水平(P<0.05)。与正常组和脑梗死恢复期组比,两组高血压患者的T淋巴细胞亚群的CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+明显升高(P<0.05),CD8~+明显降低(P<0.05),治疗后,两组高血压的CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+均明显降低,CD8~+明显增高。治疗前后,与杓型组比,非杓型组的CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+明显升高(P<0.05),CD8~+明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 (1)T淋巴细胞亚群变化参与了高血压的发生发展过程,对24h血压节律异常产生重要作用;(2)非杓型是高血压的危险因素,T淋巴细胞亚群异常参与其中,但机制尚未完全明确,仍有待深层次地研究。     

动态动脉硬化指数、非杓型血压与急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑微出血的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者动态动脉硬化指数(ambulatory arterial stiffness index,AASI)、非杓型血压与脑微出血(cerebral microbleeds, CMBs)的相关性。方法 回顾性连续纳入2014年1月～2015年12月急性缺血性卒中患者104例,根据头颅SWI检查显示是否发生CMBs将患者分为CMBs组(42例)和非CMBs组(62例),比较2组患者的临床特点,根据24 h动态血压(ABPM)监测计算AASI,以夜间平均动脉压下降率≥10%为正常杓型血压,<10%则为血压昼夜节律异常,即非杓型血压,分析急性缺血性卒中患者AASI、非杓型血压与脑微出血的相关性。结果 CMBs组年龄、抗血小板聚集药物使用、AASI、糖化血红蛋白、非杓型血压、既往脑卒中史与非CMBs组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),在多因素logistic回归分析中AASI和非杓型血压、年龄是影响CMBs发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析显示CMBs严重程度与AASI(r=0.290,P=0.001)及非杓型血压(r=0.203,P=0.013)均呈正相关。结论 年龄、AASI、非杓型血压是CMBs的重要影响因素,可作为预测CMBs的独立因素。     

帕金森病患者血压昼夜节律紊乱临床特点及对直立性低血压影响的初步分析

目的初步观察帕金森病患者血压昼夜节律紊乱的临床特点及对直立性低血压(OH)的影响。方法连续采集2019年8月至2021年10月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院就诊的165例帕金森病患者病史, 完成运动和非运动症状评分, 并采集患者24 h动态血压和卧-立位血压数据, 完成OH问卷调查。观察血压昼夜节律紊乱各类型(觉醒期低血压、反杓型血压、夜间高血压)的发生率, 分别采用t检验、卡方检验、U检验和线性回归分析方法观察3种血压昼夜节律紊乱类型的临床特点及影响因素, 并采用Logistic回归分析探究血压昼夜节律紊乱各类型与OH和症状性OH(SOH)的关系。结果在165例帕金森病患者中, 反杓型血压发生率为39.39%(65/165), 夜间高血压发生率为43.64%(72/165), 觉醒期低血压发生率为31.52%(52/165)。与无反杓型血压患者相比, 伴反杓型血压患者年龄较大[分别为(71.72±7.81)岁、(65.29±9.68)岁, t=-4.491, P<0.001]、起病年龄较晚[分别为(66.67±9.10)岁、(62.16±10.66)岁, t=-2.809, ...     

高龄老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律和脉压变化特征探讨

目的探讨高龄老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律和脉压变化的特点。方法将老年高血压患者346例按年龄分为2组:老年高血压组(A组)186例,年龄60~79岁;高龄老年高血压组(B组)160例,年龄80~99岁。分析2组患者动态血压参数、动态血压昼夜节律异常发生率。结果24h平均舒张压(24hDBP)高龄老年高血压组低于老年高血压组(P0.001)。老年高血压组和高龄老年高血压组24h动态脉压(24hAPP)分别为(62.06±11.79)和(66.73±11.45)mmHg。日间平均压(dABP)老年高血压组高于高龄老年高血压组(P0.01)。24hAPP老年高血压组低于高龄老年高血压组(P0.001)。老年高血压组和高龄老年高血压组血压昼夜节律异常率分别为82.80%和90.63%。结论老年高血压患者随着年龄的增大,24hDBP呈现降低趋势,24hAPP呈现增高趋势。老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律特征多数表现为非杓型和反杓型血压,且多数血压昼夜节律消失。随增龄变化老年高血压患者昼夜节律异常率增高,增龄是血压昼夜节律消失的一个重要因素。     

帕金森病患者24小时动态血压变化及其影响因素的临床研究

目的研究帕金森病(PD)患者动态血压变化特点及其相关的影响因素。方法采用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪行24 h动态血压监测,评估81例PD患者(PD组)和59名正常对照者(对照组)的动态血压变化节律,同时进行PD非运动症状问卷调查,探讨病理性血压节律的相关影响因素。结果①PD组患者血压节律倾向于非杓型血压;卧位血压升高的发生率较正常对照组高(P=0.001)。②PD组24 h平均血压、24 h平均收缩压、夜间平均血压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压均较对照组升高(P0.05);夜间平均动脉血压下降水平[MABP(%)]较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。③PD患者夜间血压变异系数(CV)与病程(P=0.019)、H-Y分级(P=0.047)、UPDRS评分(P=0.031)、心血管症状相关(P=0.016)、睡眠/疲劳(P=0.049)因素呈正相关。结论 PD患者血压节律偏向于非杓型血压,并广泛存在夜间血压升高现象,病理性血压节律可能是自主神经功能受损的潜在指标。     

老年颈内动脉狭窄血压变化及与脑卒中的关系

目的 探讨老年颈内动脉狭窄的血压变化规律,以及其与脑卒中之间的关系。方法 2009年9月至2014年2月收治老年中重度颈内动脉狭窄62例（观察组）,选取同期正常体检者58例作为对照组。两组均行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声、24 h动态血压检查;比较两组24 h动态血压、血压节律,以及观察组不同血压节律与脑卒中的关系。结果 观察组24 h平均收缩压、24 h脉压差、白天脉压差、夜间平均收缩压、夜间脉压差均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组非杓型节律比例（78.3%,48/62）明显高于对照组（53.3%,31/58;P<0.05）;观察组非杓型节律的脑卒中发生率（57.4%,27/48）明显高于杓型节律（23.1%,3/14;P<0.05）。结论 老年颈内动脉狭窄昼夜血压的非杓型节律比例升高,而对应的脑卒中发生率也增高。     

脑卒中高风险人群高血压情况分析

目的探讨脑卒中高风险人群高血压情况。方法调查382例脑卒中高风险人群的高血压情况,并且进行24 h动态血压监测。结果本组患者中336例(88.0%)患者有高血压,其中212例(63.1%)患者不知晓自身患高血压疾病,226例(67.3%)患者未进行规律的药物控制,19例(5.7%)患者接受高血压药物治疗但未规律检测血压。杓型高血压患者比率最高(222例,66.1%),其次为非杓型(48例,14.3%)、反杓型(43例,12.8%)及超杓型(23例,6.8%)。非杓型及杓型高血压患者高血压知晓率及服药率均较高,超杓型及反杓型高血压患者知晓率和服药率均较低。在合并高血压的脑卒中高危人群中,血压异常节律组脑卒中的患病率(11.4%)显著高于血压正常节律组(6.8%)(P0.05)。结论脑卒中高危人群中高血压的知晓率、服药率低,且血压异常节律与脑卒中的发病密切相关。     

缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄与血压变异性的相关性

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄与血压变异性的关系. 方法 选择自2006年11月至2010年6月在淮南市第一人民医院神经内科住院的206例缺血性脑血管病患者为研究对象,对患者进行连续主动脉弓+全脑血管造影检查,并作动脉血压监测.根据造影结果分组,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析. 结果 (1)206例患者中75例颅内外动脉无狭窄,131例存在脑动脉狭窄,其中42例仅有颅外动脉狭窄,38例仅有颅内动脉狭窄,51例颅内外狭窄并存;颅外动脉狭窄的发生率(71.0％,93例)高于颅内动脉(67.9％,89例).(2)与颅内外动脉无狭窄组比较.单纯颅外动脉狭窄组、单纯颅内动脉狭窄组、颅内外动脉狭窄并存组24h平均收缩压、舒张压标准差,白昼平均收缩压、舒张压标准差,夜间平均收缩压、舒张压标准差均明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)收缩压变异系数与脑动脉狭窄患病率成正相关(r=0.918,P=0.002),而舒张压变异系数与脑动脉狭窄发患病率无明显相关性(P＞0.05);24 h平均收缩压与脑动脉狭窄患病率成正相关(r=0.936,P=0.001),而24 h平均舒张压与脑动脉狭窄患病率无明显相关性(P＞0.05).(4)多元回归分析显示:24h平均收缩压、收缩压变异系数与颅内外动脉狭窄患病率呈明显正相关.(5)血脂异常是单纯颅内动脉狭窄的独立危险因素;高龄是单纯颅外动脉狭窄的独立危险因素;吸烟是单纯颅内动脉狭窄及单纯颅外动脉狭窄的独立危险因素;高血压是单纯颅外动脉狭窄及颅内外动脉狭窄并存的独立危险因素. 结论 在缺血性脑血管病患者中,脑动脉狭窄与平均血压标准差、收缩压变异系数独立相关.高血压、高脂血症、冠心病、吸烟、高龄、糖尿病和高同型半胱氨酸血症等危险因素与脑动脉狭窄的分布模式有一定关系.动脉血压变异性是缺血性脑血管病患者颅内外狭窄的独立危险因素,但与狭窄的分布模式无相关性.     

血压及其变异性与脑白质疏松症的相关性研究进展

脑白质疏松症是指脑室周围或皮质下区(半卵圆中心)弥漫性非特异性白质损害。脑白质疏松症可以增加脑卒中的风险,并与认知功能下降和运动障碍等密切相关。已有研究认为高血压病是脑白质疏松症最主要的危险因素。但随着对脑白质疏松症形成的病理生理机制研究的不断完善,学者们发现低血压及血压变异性也与脑白质疏松症相关。文中旨在对血压及其变异性与脑白质疏松症之间的联系研究进行综述。     

Cerebral perfusion in the elderly with nocturnal blood pressure fall

Cerebrovascular disease may be linked with vascular autoregulation in aging. The aim of this study was to examine relation between nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall and cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in elderly men. The prospective 'Men born in 1914' cohort study has been in progress since 1968 and included 809 subjects. After 14 years from the last follow up, 97 subjects reached the age of 82 and underwent CBF measurement and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Diastolic BP at night decreased in 84 subjects with median 12.7% and increased in 13 subjects with median 3.7%. Relative diastolic BP fall at night was negatively associated to CBF in temporal and infero-parietal areas. Higher proportion of subjects with increasing systolic BP during the 14-year period was observed in the subgroup with extreme nocturnal diastolic BP dip, irrespectively of BP values or prevalence of hypertension. Extreme nocturnal diastolic BP fall in a cohort of elderly men is correlated with focal changes in CBF. Further studies could explain if increasing BP in the elderly is a cause or result of pathological autoregulation, and if antihypertensive treatment increases nocturnal BP dip.     

腔隙性脑梗死与脉压和脉压指数之间的关系

目的探讨腔隙性脑梗死与脉压和脉压指数之间的关系。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—12收治的126例高血压患者的临床资料,根据头部CT和MRI检查结果或据MRI检查结果将62例腔隙性脑梗死患者作为观察组,将64例非腔隙性脑梗死组作为对照组,2组患者实施24h动态血压监测。结果观察组的脉压、脉压指数(PPI)和收缩压(SBP)均比对照组升高明显(P0.05)。结论腔隙性脑梗死与脉压、脉压指数及收缩压升高有关,控制血压可以预防腔隙性脑梗死的发生。     

Searching for baseline blood pressure: A comparison of blood pressure at three different care points

A common approach to blood pressure management in the operating room is to keep the intraoperative, pressures within 20% of baseline blood pressure. One question that arises from this recommendation is; what is a patient’s true baseline blood pressure? In order to get a more precise definition of baseline blood pressure, a comparison of the first operating room blood pressure was made with the blood pressure taken in a preoperative holding area before surgery, and the blood pressure taken in pre-surgical testing. (before day of surgery). A database of 2087 adult general anesthesia cases was generated, which contained the blood pressure (BP) in the pre-surgical testing clinic, the first BP in preoperative holding on the day of surgery, and the first BP in the operating room. Comparisons were made between the blood pressures taken at each phase of care. All components of BP taken in the OR were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) than in either PST or the holding area, while the BP in the latter locations were not significantly different. This blood pressure difference persists whether or not the patient is taking antihypertensive medications. The higher blood pressure measured in the operating rooms precludes using this measurement to determine baseline blood pressure. Blood pressures taken prior to arrival in the operating room are similar to blood pressures taken before the day of surgery. Blood pressure measurements taken prior to entrance in the operating room can be used to determine baseline blood pressure.     

Higher ambulatory systolic blood pressure independently associated with enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia

Backgrounds: Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) have been identified as a marker of cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD). Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) is the strongest predictor of hypertension-related brain damage. However, the relationship between ABP levels and EPVS is unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between ABP levels and EPVS by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods: We prospectively recruited inpatients for physical examinations in our hospital from May 2013 to Jun 2016. 24-hour ABPM data and cranial magnetic resonance imaging information were collected. EPVS in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) were identified and classified into three categories by the severity. White matter hyperintensities were scored by Fazekas scale. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between ABP levels and EPVS.

Results: A total of 573 subjects were enrolled in this study. 24-hour, day and night systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were positively related to higher numbers of EPVS in BG (24-hour SBP: r = 0.23, p < 0.01; day SBP: r = 0.25, p < 0.01; night SBP: r = 0.30, p < 0.01). The association was unchanged after controlling for confounders by multiple logistic regression analysis. 24-hour and day diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels increased with an increasing degree of EPVS in CSO (p = 0.04 and 0.049, respectively). But the association disappeared after adjusting for confounders. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that ABP levels were not associated with higher numbers of EPVS in CSO (p > 0.05). DBP levels were not independently associated with the severity of EPVS in BG and CSO.

Conclusion: Higher SBP levels were independently associated with EPVS in BG, but not in CSO, which supported EPVS in BG to be a marker of CSVD. Pathogenesis of EPVS in BG and CSO might be different.     

Primary dysautonomia: cerebral blood flow and hemodynamic findings. Case report.

In a man with orthostatic and effort syncopes due to primary dysautonomia, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) — by the 133-Xenon inhalation method — in supine and in sitting positions, and after the i.v. administration of Acetazolamide, a potent cereral vasodilator. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored over the 24 hours by a non-invasive device. The CBF was normal in supine position and significantly reduced when the patient was sitting. Despite che sympathetic denervation, good response to acetazolamide infusion was seen. BP changed with the position of the subject according to gravity, and HR was unresponsive to orthostatic and effort stimuli.

---

Sommario Abbiamo misurato il Flusso Ematico Cerebrale (FEC) — con il metodo inalatorio allo Xenon-133 — in clinostatismo, in posizione seduta e dopo la somministrazione e.v. di Acetazolamide, un potente vasodilatatore cerebrale, in un uomo affetto da Sindrome Disautonomica Primitiva con ipotensione severa, ortostatica e da sforzo. Inoltre, abbiamo monitorato per 24 ore la Pressione Arteriosa (PA) e la Frequenza Cardiaca (FC) per mezzo di metodica non-invasiva. I nostri risultati dimostrano che il FEC è ridotto in posizione seduta, ma è normale in clinostatismo, e che mantiene la capacità di reagire a stimoli vasodilatatori, nonostante la denervazione simpatica. La PA è risultata dipendente dalla forza gravitazionale, mentre la FC è “fissa”, cioè non risponde agli stimoli ortostatici e allo sforzo.

     

Acute Effects of Virtual Reality Exercise on Young Adults’ Blood Pressure and Feelings

Virtual reality (VR) seems to have the potential to provide opportunities to promote physical activity (PA) in a fun way. This paper aimed to examine the acute effects of three different virtual reality-based exercise bikes on young adults’ blood pressure (BP) and feelings compared to a traditional exercise cycling session. Four exercise sessions (immersive VR cycling, two non-immersive VR cycling, and traditional cycling) were completed by 36 young adults (22 females; M_age = 23.6 years). BP was measured immediately before and after each session using a BP cuff and exercise-induced feelings were assessed via an established survey immediately after each session. Participants’ previous experience with VR was used as the covariate in the ANCOVA with repeated measures. Significant main effects were observed across cycling sessions for systolic blood pressure [F (2, 29) = 3.04, p = 0.02, η²= 0.38)] and feelings [F (3, 32) = 7.74, p < 0.01, η² = .42]. In particular, immersive VR and traditional cycling significantly increased systolic blood pressure compared to the two non-immersive VR sessions. Moreover, immersive VR significantly increased feelings compared to the two non-immersive VR sessions, whereas these two nonimmersive VR exercises had significantly greater increased feelings compared to traditional cycling, respectively. Findings suggest immersive VR-based exercise cycling may lead to higher exercise intensities compared to nonimmersive VR cycling. Further, immersive VR cycling yielded higher feelings compared to non-immersive VR and traditional cycling. Thus, immersive VR-based exercise can be a fun and physically active health promotion tool among young adults.     

Homocysteine is Associated with Exaggerated Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

Considerable researches suggest that high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) parameters have also been confirmed associated with cardio-cerebrovascular events. However, the relationship between Hcy and ABPM parameters remains unclear in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between Hcy level and ABPM parameters in patients with acute ischemic stroke.