正畸微种植体表面阳极氧化处理对周围骨组织的影响

目的通过组织形态学及组织形态测量学评价正畸微螺旋种植体表面阳极氧化处理对周围骨组织愈合情况的影响。方法24枚钛合金正畸用微螺旋种植体种植于两只新西兰大白兔的后腿,在闭合环境下生长6周。12枚微种植体经过表面阳极氧化处理作为研究组;另外12枚表面没有经过任何处理作为对照组。兔处死后,部分微种植体及周围骨组织进行组织学苏木精-伊红染色（hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE）处理,每组有4枚微种植体及周围骨组织块采用维拉努埃瓦（Villanueva）染色。光学显微镜评价种植体的组织学变化并计算种植体的骨结合率。结果两组种植体均与周围骨组织有一定的结合,其间无结缔组织可见。螺旋区骨纤维走向紊乱,表面阳极氧化组微种植体周围有较多的骨组织可见。阳极氧化组微种植体的骨结合率略高于对照组。结论阳极氧化处理可能促进钛合金微种植体与周围骨组织的结合。     

含氟羟基磷灰石涂层对正畸微种植体骨结合及周围炎的影响

目的:探讨含氟羟基磷灰石涂层(FHA)钛合金及钛合金正畸微种植体对骨结合及种植体周围炎的影响.方法:将微种植体植入兔下颌前磨牙区颊侧牙槽骨,扫描电镜观察骨结合状态,ELISA检测龈沟液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果:FHA涂层组比钛合金组骨密度更致密,骨髓腔更小.炎症诱发前后钛合金组TNF-α水平较高,持续时间较长(P＜0.05).结论:FHA涂层钛合金微种植体的骨组织相容性较好,对种植体周围炎起到一定的抑制作用.     

正畸支抗用"图钉"样钛合金表面种植体的研制及实验研究

目的:研制一种新的“图钉”样钛合金表面种植体,并且检测其与骨组织的结合情况。方法:新的表面钛种植体,直径8.0 mm,最大厚度2.0 mm,形态犹如“图钉”。在3只成年新西兰兔两侧上颌骨内植入“图钉”样钛合金表面种植体,共6个,45 d后,安装上部结构,30 d后照X线片。使用生物力学测力仪,测量将表面种植体去除的最小剪切力。同时作组织学切片,观察种植体周围骨组织的变化。结果:6个种植体均固位良好。去除种植体需要的平均剪切力37.1 N(23.5 N~46.8 N)。组织学切片显示骨与种植体接触面有新骨形成,同时新骨沿种植体表面生长,覆盖部分种植体表面,覆盖的骨组织都是新生骨。结论:“图钉”样钛合金表面种植体与兔上颌骨结合良好,可以提供较为理想的正畸支抗。     

等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石和射频溅涂磷酸钙种植体骨反应的实验研究

为评价射频(RF)溅涂磷酸钙(CaP)种植体在种植体骨界面的结合强度和骨接触率,作者进行以下实验。 材料和方法 将溅涂 CaP和等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层的柱状种植体(直径 4 mm,长8 mm)植入狗下颌骨内。将其中一半的CaP涂层种植体进行热处理(700℃,90 min)。 结果和讨论 12周后,CaP、热处理的 CaP     

锶磷灰石涂层钛种植体骨结合的动物实验

目的 观察微弧氧化锶磷灰石(strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite,Sr-HA)涂层钛种植体的成骨活性,探讨锶元素掺入羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)涂层后对骨结合的影响.方法 分别对实验组(Sr-HA涂层种植体)和对照组(HA涂层种植体)的表面形貌进行扫描电镜观察,并采用X线衍射仪分析膜层相组成.将两组种植体各12枚植入新西兰兔双侧股骨髁下外侧、胫骨结节处,术后对实验动物进行多荧光序列标记,饲养4周和12周取材,采用组织学观察、种植-骨界面线扫描分析评价涂层的骨结合能力.结果 种植体微弧氧化膜层均呈现多级孔洞状结构;X射线衍射分析显示,锶元素的掺入引起HA的衍射峰向小角度方向偏移,晶格间距增大,稳定性下降;多荧光序列标记显示,Sr-HA涂层早期即表现出成骨活性,实验组骨矿化沉积率[(4.75±0.46)μm/d]显著高于对照组[(3.21±0.44)μm/d];组织染色及能谱分析显示,骨种植界面上有生物类骨磷灰石层形成,12周时该磷灰石层转化为成熟的骨组织并与涂层形成紧密的骨结合.结论 锶元素的掺入可提高Sr-HA涂层的生物学活性,加速其表面生物类骨磷灰石层的形成,增强膜层的成骨能力,促进膜层与骨组织的结合.     

神经生长因子对口腔种植体早期骨结合影响的实验研究

目的 观察外源性神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)对口腔种植体骨愈合的影响,以期缩短口腔种植体骨愈合时间.方法 在12只新西兰大白兔下颌骨双侧各植入种植体1枚,右侧为实验组:种植体边缘骨膜下注射1.0μgNGF;左侧为对照组:同样部位注射相同剂量的生理盐水.注射1次/d,连续7 d.术后2、4、8周分别处死动物各4只,获取下颌骨,制作种植体骨磨片甲苯胺蓝染色标本,行大体、放射学和组织学观察以及骨计量学分析.结果 术后2、4周各组下颌骨种植体周围新生骨密度低于正常骨组织,种植体骨结合率对照组2周(26.67±3.88)%、4周(52.59±5.07)%;实验组2周(42.24±6.67)%、4周(72.25±6.30)%;术后8周两组骨密度与正常骨组织相近,实验组新生骨小梁出现哈弗系统,种植体骨结合率两组相比,差异无统计学意义.结论 口腔种植术后早期加入外源性NGF能够加速种植体周围骨小梁的形成和成熟,增加骨结合面积,提高种植体骨结合率,缩短口腔种植体骨愈合时间.     

中空种植体-骨间隙愈合界面的组织学观察

目的:从组织学上观察中空种植体与旧骨之间间隙的愈合情况。方法:经双酸蚀处理后的T形中空纯钛种植体,植入7只SD大鼠的股骨远端。术后8d和16d分别取3只大鼠的股骨远端做硬组织切片,观察种植体-骨愈合情况。结果:术后8d,骨组织或骨样组织在一些区域与种植体内外表面直接接触,中空部分的骨小梁较稀疏;16d,骨组织或骨样组织呈网状充填种植体中空部分,较8d组,骨小梁显著增粗,种植体表面局部与骨组织直接接触。结论:骨组织可生长并充满于中空种植体的中空间隙。     

复合玻璃梯度涂层种植体的实验研究

目的:研究亚音速火焰喷涂方法制备的三种表面复合梯度涂层种植体的骨结合界面情况.方法:在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面形成三组涂层种植体,8Ti2G组:表面喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉(质量比=8∶2);HA组:喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉作为底层,在其上喷涂100％羟基磷灰石(HA)粉;8H2B组:喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉作为底层,在其上喷涂80％羟基磷灰石(HA)粉+20％生物活性玻璃(BG)粉.选择8只3月龄的杂种犬,拔除双侧下颌前磨牙,待拔牙创愈合后,将三组种植体分别植入双侧无牙区的下颌骨内,术后4周和12周分别处死犬4只.采用大体观察、组织学等方法观察种植体与骨的结合情况.结果:X射线显示在所有种植体周围无明显阴影,8Ti2G底釉涂层具有良好的生物相容性,8Ti2G/HA和8Ti2G/8H2B涂层种植体与骨组织均形成骨性结合,同一观察期,界面骨结合率比较有差异.结论:8Ti2G/8H2B种植体达到生物活性梯度变化,孔隙结构梯度变化.该研究为生物复合涂层的应用提供理论依据.     

羟磷灰石表面改性炭/炭复合材料牙种植体植入猪股骨内观察

目的 :通过动物实验研究经羟磷灰石表面改性后的炭 /炭复合牙种植材料与骨组织结合的界面。方法 :将10只仔猪随机分为实验组和对照组 ,阴性对照材料采用钛芯羟磷灰石涂层种植体 ,阳性对照材料采用普通碳钢 ,将实验材料和对照材料分别植入猪的股骨中 ,3个月后处死动物观察材料与骨组织的结合界面。结果 :在实验组的 5例中有 2例种植体与骨组织形成骨性结合界面 ,另外 3例种植体与骨组织形成纤维骨性结合界面。阴性对照组中4例种植体均与骨组织形成骨性结合界面。阳性对照材料周围被极度疏松的骨组织所包围 ,碳钢与疏松的骨组织之间存在间隙。结论 :这种经羟磷灰石改性的炭 /炭复合材料牙种植体与骨组织间存在骨性结合和纤维骨性结合两种界面     

X线观察分析犬下颌骨种植体间连接对骨生长发育的影响

目的 探讨种植体及种植体间固定连接对未成年骨生长发育的影响。方法 以8只Beagle系狗为实验动物,随机分为对照组2只,非连接实验组和连接实验组各3只。实验组每只狗植入2颗种植体,其中连接实验组在种植体植入1个月后将种植体间连接。观察比较各组狗在不同时期所拍摄的下颌骨正侧位片。结果 所植入的12颗种植体均与骨组织形成正常骨愈合,未出现种植体松动或脱落现象。下颌骨两侧均随着月龄的增加而发育,呈现良好的对称性,种植体间连接与未连接2组间无明显差别,恒牙萌出正常。结论 种植区下颌骨高度降低的主要原因是乳恒牙拔除,种植体与邻近恒牙胚之间保持一定的间隔,能使邻近恒牙得以正常萌出,种植体间连接不会增强种植体对骨生长的影响作用。     

Effect of calcium phosphate surface coating on bone ingrowth onto porous-surfaced titanium alloy implants in rabbit tibiae.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether calcium phosphate coating has a significant impact on bone ingrowth into a porous titanium implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Porous-surfaced titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V implants were prepared with or without the addition of a thin surface layer of calcium phosphate applied by sol-gel coating. Implants were placed into the tibiae of 16 rabbits. Implanted sites were allowed to heal for 2 weeks, after which specimens were retrieved for morphometric assessment using backscatter scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The data collected show that there is more extensive ingrowth into the porous regions of the calcium phosphate-coated implants than into the control implants. The weighted average ingrowth for the calcium phosphate-coated implants was 2.01, whereas that for the noncoated implants was 1.49; the difference is statistically significant (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a thin layer of calcium phosphate to these implants appears to promote a more extensive implant-to-bone interface by allowing the neck regions to become intimately ingrown with bone even after only 2 weeks of initial healing.     

The effect of calcium phosphate implant coating on osteoconduction

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating would have a significant impact on osteoconduction.Study Design: In this investigation, porous-surfaced titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants were prepared with or without the addition of a thin surface layer of CaP applied by means of sol-gel coating and implanted into the tibiae of 16 rabbits. Implant sites were allowed to heal for 2 weeks, after which specimens were retrieved for morphometric assessment by using backscatter scanning electron microscopy and the Bioquant Image Analyzer. RESULTS: The absolute contact length was significantly (P <.01) higher for CaP-coated implants (1.18 mm) than for the noncoated implants (0.74 mm), as were the contact length fraction (40.4% vs 27.0%; P <.01) and the straight-line bone growth (1.19 mm vs 1.04 mm; P <.01). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the findings in this study, the addition of a thin layer of CaP to the implant promotes accelerated bone healing around porous-surfaced implants-even after only 2 weeks of initial healing.     

Effect of surface chemistry on the rate of osseointegration of sintered porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants

PURPOSE: The effect of adding a thin sol-gel-formed calcium phosphate (CaP) coating to sintered porous-surfaced titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants on rates of initial bone ingrowth was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Control implants (as manufactured) and similar implants with sol-gel CaP coatings were randomly placed in distal femoral rabbit condyles (1 implant/leg). After healing for 6, 9, 12, and 16 days, 8 of 10 rabbits in each time group were assessed for maximum implant pullout force (N) and interface stiffness (N/mm). Selected extracted implants also were examined by secondary electron imaging to characterize affected surfaces. The implants of the remaining 2 rabbits in each group were examined by backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSEM). RESULTS: Significantly greater pullout forces and interface stiffness were found for CaP-coated implants at 6 and 9 days. At 6 days, BSEM revealed bone ingrowth on CaP-coated implants but not on control implants. Secondary electron imaging and BSEM observations also suggested greater bone ingrowth with CaP-coated porous implants at 9, 12, and 16 days. DISCUSSION: Sol-gel-formed CaP surface films significantly enhance rates of bone ingrowth into sintered porous-surfaced implants. CONCLUSION: This surface treatment may have a number of clinical benefits, including shortening the period prior to functional loading of such implants and improving treatment outcomes in situations of poor bone quality and/or quantity. (More than 50 references).     

A histological evaluation of TiO2-gritblasted and Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants placed into the trabecular bone of the goat: Part 2

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic influence of surface topography and chemical composition of oral implant materials on bone response. For the experiment screw designed implants were used. The implants were grit-blasted with TiO2 particles. The implants were left uncoated (Ti) or provided with three different amorphous/crystalline Ca-P magnetron sputter coatings, resp. 0.1 micron (CaP-0.1), 1 micron (CaP-1) and 4 microns (CaP-4), in thickness. The implants were inserted in the medial femoral condyles of 12 goats. Each femur received 2 implants. After implantation periods of 6 and 12 weeks the implants were retrieved and prepared for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation (bone contact and bone mass). The light microscopy revealed that bone response to CaP-4 and CaP-1 implants was similar. For example, after 12 weeks, screw threads were almost completely covered with bone. In contrast to CaP-0.1 and Ti implants, where bone apposition was less pronounced. Histomorphometry demonstrated that the bone-to-implant contact for the CaP-1 and CaP-4 implants was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for the CaP-0.1 and Ti implants. This difference existed already after 6 weeks and was even enhanced after 12 weeks. The bone mass measurements revealed that only at 12 weeks CaP-4 implants had significantly more bone contact inside the screw threads than non-coated Ti-implants (P < 0.05). Supported by our findings, we conclude that the additional application of a 1-4 microns thick Ca-P magnetron sputter coating can further improve the healing response to surface roughened oral implants placed into trabecular bone.     

Bone response to plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite and radiofrequency-sputtered calcium phosphate implants in vivo

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiofrequency- (RF) sputtered calcium phosphate (CaP) coating of titanium implants on bond strength at the bone-implant interface and percent bone contact length. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindric sputtered CaP-coated and plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite- (HA) coated implants (4.0 mm diameter and 8 mm length) were implanted in dog mandibles. Half the sputtered CaP-coated implants were heat-treated. RESULTS: Twelve weeks after implant placement, no statistical differences in the mean ultimate interfacial strengths were observed between as-sputtered CaP-coated, sputtered CaP-coated heat-treated, and control plasma-sprayed HA-coated implants. Histomorphometric evaluation indicated that the percent bone contact lengths for the plasma-sprayed HA-coated implants and the as-sputtered CaP-coated implants were similar and significantly greater than that for the sputtered CaP-coated heat-treated implants. Differences in the ultimate interfacial strength and percent bone contact length between different implant sites in the mandible were not observed. DISCUSSION: The results of this study, considered together with the results of previous studies, suggest that once early osseointegration is achieved, biodegradation of the thin CaP coatings is not detrimental to bone-coating-implant fixation, and does not compromise bone responses to the coated implant surfaces. CONCLUSION: The interfacial strength and histomorphometric data suggest that the CaP coatings applied using the sputtering process produce bone responses similar to those of HA coatings applied using plasma spraying.     

Bone response adjacent to calcium phosphate electrostatic spray deposition coated implants: an experimental study in goats

BACKGROUND: A new technique to deposit calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings onto titanium substrates has been developed recently. This electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique seems to be very promising. It appears to have clinical advantages such as an inexpensive and simple set-up, high deposition efficiency and the possibility to synthesize layers with a defined surface morphology. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine biological properties and osteoconductivity of ESD CaP coatings when inserted into the femoral condyle of a goat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four implants with two gaps, i.e. 1 or 2 mm, were inserted into the femoral condyles of six goats. The implants were coated on one side with either a commercially available plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAPS) coating or an ESD carbonate apatite (CAESD) coating. The other side of the implant was always left uncoated (Ti). Twelve weeks after implantation the animals were sacrificed and the characteristics of bone ingrowth and bone contact were evaluated. Results: At 3 months, histological and quantitative histomorphometrical measurements demonstrated more bone ingrowth and bone contact for coated sites as compared with uncoated sites. Statistical testing revealed that for both the 1 and 2 mm gaps HAPS (plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite) as well as CAESD (ESD carbonate apatite) -coated surfaces always had a significantly higher (P<0.05) amount of bone contact than uncoated Ti surfaces. On HAPS surfaces always significantly more bone was present than on CAESD surfaces. Further statistical testing revealed a significant difference in bone ingrowth between the HAPS as well as CAESD and Ti 1+2 mm gap specimens (P<0.05). Further, HAPS 1 mm gaps showed more bone ingrowth than CAESD 1 mm gaps. No significant difference existed between HAPS and CAESD 2 mm gaps. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our observations, we conclude that the used ESD technique is a promising new method to deposit CaP coatings onto titanium substrates. On the other hand, plasma-spray HA-coated implants have a still more favourable effect on the bone response.     

A mechanical evaluation of TiO2-gritblasted and Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants placed into the trabecular bone of the goat: Part 1

The influence of Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants on the mechanical anchorage was evaluated in a goat model. Therefore, uncoated and coated screw designed commercially pure titanium TiO2-blasted implants were inserted into the trabecular bone of the femoral condyles of 12 goats. The thicknesses of the coatings were 0.1 micron (CaP-0.1), 1.0 micron (CaP-1) and 4.0 microns (CaP-4). In addition, uncoated TiO2-blasted implants (Ti) were used as control. Evaluation of the interface strength and appearance, using torque test and scanning electron microscopy, was done at implantation periods of 6 and 12 weeks. Although, especially at 6 weeks of implantation, the Ca-P coated implants showed higher failure torque values than the TiO2 blasted implants, the observed differences for type of implant and evaluation period were not significant (P > 0.1). SEM evaluation showed that all implants with failure values of more than 100 N conducted bone growth into their screw threads. In addition, we observed that the fracture plane for the CaP-4 implants was situated at the coating-implant interface or inside the coating. For the CaP-1 and CaP-0.1 the fracture line could not be determined definitely. For the Ti implants, the fracture torque testing resulted in failure at the bone-implant interface. Therefore, we conclude that all implants resulted in a good bonding strength with the surrounding bone. The sputtered Ca-P coatings seemed to improve the initial fixation of the TiO2 blasted implants.     

Bone‐supportive behavior of microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated implants: mechanical and histological outcome in the goat

Background: New microplasma spray (MPS) equipment to deposit calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic coatings onto titanium substrates has been developed. With this apparatus, it is possible to spray fine particles, as well as to apply textured hydroxylapatite coatings onto titanium surfaces. Moreover, due to the low heat power of the microplasma jet, overheating of the powder particles as well as excessive local overheating of the substrate is reduced. Furthermore, because of the small laminar plasma jet, it is possible to achieve high spray efficiency in the case of spraying of dental implants. Additionally, the low level of noise (25–50 dB) and hardly any dust makes it possible to operate the MSE under normal workroom conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the biological properties of different MPS – CaP coatings on titanium implants when inserted into the femoral condyle of goats. Material and methods: For histomorphometrical evaluation as well as mechanical testing, 48 screw‐type titanium implants were inserted into the femoral condyles of 12 goats each. The implants were either coated with a conventionally plasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic, MPS CaP ceramic, or acid‐etched without an additional CaP coating. Six and 12 weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and bone‐to‐implant contact, amount of bone, as well as mechanical bone fixation were evaluated. Results: For bone‐to‐implant contact no statistically significant difference was found between the different CaP coatings. However, statistically significant differences were found between non‐coated, acid‐etched titanium implants and CaP‐coated implants after 6 and 12 weeks of healing. The bone values were not statistically significantly different between the different CaP coatings at 6 and 12 weeks. Furthermore, CaP ceramic‐coated implants showed statistically significantly higher torque values compared with the non‐coated implants after 6 and at 12 weeks of healing. No significant differences existed between the various types of CaP coatings. Conclusion: On the basis of our observations, we conclude that conventionally plasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic‐coated implants, as well as MPS‐coated implants have a comparable effect on adjacent bone response. To cite this article:
Junker R, Manders PJD, Wolke J, Borisov Y, Jansen JA. Bone‐supportive behavior of microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated implants: mechanical and histological outcome in the goat.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 189–200.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01819.x     

Effects of implant surface coatings and composition on bone integration: a systematic review

Objective: The aim of the present review was to evaluate the bone integration efficacy of recently developed and marketed oral implants as well as experimental surface alterations.
Materials and methods: A PubMed search was performed for animal studies, human reports and studies presenting bone-to-implant contact percentage or data regarding mechanical testing.
Results: For recently developed and marketed oral implants, 29 publications and for experimental surface alterations 51 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review.
Conclusions: As demonstrated in the available literature dealing with recently developed and marketed oral implants, surface-roughening procedures also affect the surface chemical composition of oral implants. There is sufficient proof that surface roughening induces a safe and predictable implant-to-bone response, but it is not clear whether this effect is due to the surface roughness or to the related change in the surface composition. The review of the experimental surface alterations revealed that thin calcium phosphate (CaP) coating technology can solve the problems associated with thick CaP coatings, while they still improve implant bone integration compared with non-coated titanium implants. Nevertheless, there is a lack of human studies in which the success rate of thin CaP-coated oral implants is compared with just roughened oral implants. No unequivocal evidence is available that suggests a positive effect on the implant bone integration of peptide sequences or growth factors coated on titanium oral implants. In contrast, the available literature suggests that bone morphogenetic protein-2 coatings might even impede the magnitude of implant-to-bone response.     

Bone reaction adjacent to microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated oral implants subjected to occlusal load,an experimental study in the dog. Part I: short‐term results

Background: A new microplasma spraying equipment (MSE) to deposit calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) coatings onto titanium substrates has been developed. With this system, it is possible to spray fine particles and to apply textured hydroxylapatite coatings onto titanium surfaces. Moreover, due to the low heat power of the microplasma jet, overheating of the powder particles as well as excessive local overheating of the substrate is diminished. Furthermore, because of the small laminar plasma jet, it is possible to achieve high spray efficiency in the case of spraying for dental implants. Also, the low level of noise (25–50 dB) and hardly any dust makes it possible to operate MSE under conditions of normal workrooms. Objective: The aim was to investigate, in a mandibular dog model, bone biological properties and the occlusal loading effects of titanium implants provided with newly developed microplasma‐sprayed CaP coatings. Material and methods: For histomorphometrical evaluation, 48 screw‐type titanium implants were inserted into the mandibles of six adult beagle dogs. The implants were either acid etched without additional coating, coated with a conventionally plasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic, coated with a microplasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic or with a microplasma‐sprayed coating at the apical part only. To assess the effect of occlusal loading, a split‐mouth design was used. Six weeks after implantation, the implants in one half of the mandible of each dog were functionally loaded, while the contra lateral implants served as control. Six weeks after loading, the animals were sacrificed and bone‐to‐implant contact as well as the amount of bone around the implants were assessed. Results: Irrespective of surface and functional load, no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found either for bone‐to‐implant contact or for the amount of bone between the various implant surfaces. On the other hand, functional loading of the non‐coated implants was associated with a tendency towards crestal bone loss. Conclusion: Within the limits of the experiment, we conclude that functional loading of MPS CaP coatings induces a favorable bone response, and furthermore, that the bone response, irrespective of the loading condition, does not differ from conventional plasma‐sprayed CaP coatings. To cite this article:
Junker R, Manders PJD, Wolke J, Borisov Y, Jansen JA. Bone reaction adjacent to microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated oral implants subjected to occlusal load, an experimental study in the dog. Part I: Short‐term results.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 1251–1263.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01940.x