颈动脉支架术后脑血流动力学的超早期改变

目的应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评价颈动脉支架成形术后脑血流动力学的超早期改变。方法回顾我院2017年1月～2019年3月收治的85例颈动脉支架成形术患者,其中12例因颞窗透声不佳排除,剩余73例行TCD监测,采用TCD检测术前、术后1 h、术后6 h患侧大脑中动脉(MCA)收缩期流速峰值(PSV)、搏动指数(PI)的变化情况。结果术前平均收缩压为(152. 47±12. 85) mm Hg,术后1 h平均收缩压(127. 86±16. 48) mm Hg(P <0. 01),术后6 h平均收缩压(126. 75±14. 31) mm Hg(P <0. 01)。术前患侧MCA-PSV为(70. 25±19. 87) cm/s,术后1 h MCA-PSV为(84. 81±17. 88) cm/s(P <0. 001),增幅为24. 95%;术后6 h MCA-PVS为(83. 58±17. 26) cm/s(P <0. 01),增幅为23. 17%。术前患侧MCA-PI为(0. 836±0. 158),术后1 h MCA-PI为(0. 933±0. 178)(P <0. 01),平均增幅为12. 14%;术后6 h MCA-PI为(0. 921±0. 164)(P <0. 01),平均增幅为10. 88%。结论在颈动脉支架植入术后1 h、术后6 h术侧MCA-PSV、MCA-PI就明显增高,而术后1 h与术后6 h对比无明显差异。狭窄程度> 90%者术后1 h MCA-PSV增幅明显升高,可能会增加脑高灌注综合征的发生风险。     

TCD检测尿毒症患者血透前后的脑血流

应用经颅多谱勒超声(TCD)检测30例尿毒症血透患者,结果显示:观察组MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vm均明显高于对照组(P<0.001).观察组各动脉的PI与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05).观察组各动脉的血流速度在血透后有明显降低(P<0.05).血透后的脑血流速度仍高于对照组(P<0.01),但PI变化不显著(P>0.05).说明:TCD能检测尿毒症血透患者脑血管痉挛所致的血流速度改变.     

45岁以上中老年头痛患者脑血管病变的分析

目的　探讨中老年头痛患者脑血管严重狭窄或闭塞的发生频率。方法　病人组 :大于 4 5岁无神经系统局灶体征的头痛患者967例 ;对照组 :同年龄健康人群 1 2 83人。用经颅多谱勒超声(TCD)检测颅内Willis环及颅外颈部血管。结果　头痛病人组血管狭窄的发生率( 5 4 8% )明显高于正常对照组 ( 2 0 3% ) (P<0 0 1 )。血管性头痛患者血管狭窄的发生率更高 ,为 7 69%。颈内动脉系统血管病变的发生率4 1 %高于椎基底动脉系统 0 1 3% (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,颅内血管病变的发生率 3 93%较颅外 1 5 5 %高 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　头痛与脑血管狭窄之间有明显的相关性 ,严重头痛有时是脑血管狭窄或闭塞唯一的临床表现。且以颈内动脉系统及颅内血管病变更多见。     

缺血性脑血管病的经颅多谱勒超声与MRA和(或)DSA对比研究

利用经颅多谱勒超声（transcranial Doppler，TCD）检测脑动脉狭窄患者血流动力学改变，同时行血管造影检查，探讨TCD与血管造影检查的相关性。     

颈动脉支架置入术对脑梗死患者脑血流动力学变化的随访观察及与临床预后的相关性分析

目的 随访观察颈动脉狭窄脑梗死患者支架置入术后的颅内血流动力学及脑血管反应性(cerebral vascular reactivity,CVR)的变化,比较介入治疗对颈动脉狭窄患者临床预后的影响。方法 选取本院收治的103例颈动脉狭窄的脑梗死患者,根据患者及家属的治疗意愿分为手术组50例和药物组53例; 手术组均接受颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)及药物的治疗,药物组仅接受药物治疗,记录2组的NIHSS评分变化、脑卒中和死亡事件; 所有手术患者均在术前、术后3 d、1、3、6、12个月进行CDFI和TCD检查,测量颈动脉狭窄局部管径、狭窄段收缩期峰值流速(peak systolic velocity,PSV)、阻力指数(resistance index,RI)及同侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的PSV、搏动指数(pulsatilityt index,PI)及CVR,比较手术前后的血流动力学变化。结果 2组NIHSS评分变化均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),术后3、6、12个月手术组NIHSS评分明显低于药物组(P<0.05); 术后颈动脉原狭窄处内径明显增宽,PSV及RI低于术前,患侧大脑中动脉PSV、PI及CVR 高于术前(P均<0.05); 手术组手术前后的CVR与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.84,-0.75,-0.66,-0.78,-0.61,P<0.05)。结论 CAS治疗后颈动脉狭窄患者颈部血管结构及血流动力学明显改善,可有效改善脑梗死患者的中远期预后,且术后CVR的改变可用于预测CAS治疗后的中远期疗效。     

偏头痛患者颅内血流动力学与一氧化氮、内皮素及甲襞微循环的关系

目的 探讨偏头痛患者发作间期颅内血管血流动力学与血浆内皮素（ET）和一氧化氮（NO）含量及甲襞微循环改变的关系。方法 对50例偏头痛患者采用经颅多普勒（TCD）检测颅内血管血流动力学与甲襞微循环仪检测患者甲襞微循环指标，同时测定血浆ET，NO含量，阀与40名健康体检者（对照组）作对照。结果 偏头痛组TCD示颅内动脉血流速度增快，明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。甲襞微循环示微血管狭窄，张力增加，加权积分值明显高于对照组（P＜0．05－0．001）。血浆ET明显高于对照组，血浆NO含量明显低于对照组（均P＜0．01），与血流速度及血管收缩支数有关。结论 偏关痛患者发作间期颅内血管血流动力学异常与甲襞微循环异常有密切关系。其病理生理过程与缩血管因子ET及扩血管因子NO有密切相关，且与病情的严重程度有关。以上检测可作为判断偏头痛程度的参考指标，并有助于动态地监测患者病情及指导治疗。     

颈动脉严重狭窄或闭塞的脑血流动力学改变

目的分析颈内动脉严重狭窄或闭塞(ICA SO)后颅内血液动力学的改变,以提高经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对ICA SO的检出率和准确性。方法ICA SO患者75例,全部经颈部血管彩超检查证实,其中12例经脑血管造影(DSA)或核磁血管造影(M RA)进一步确诊。双侧病变7例,单侧病变68例,共有病变血管82条(狭窄42条,闭塞30条)。全部行TCD检查。结果(1)狭窄或闭塞侧大脑中动脉(M CA)的收缩期血流速度(SPV)及脉动指数(P I)明显低于对侧;(2)前交通动脉(ACoA)开放的患者健侧大脑前动脉(ACA)的峰值流速明显快于ACoA未开放的患者,P I值低于后者;(3)眼动脉之前的ICA SO,患侧虹吸段血流与对侧相比具有明显的低流速低搏动改变;眼动脉之后的ICA SO,患侧虹吸段与对侧相比具有明显的低流速高阻力改变,发出眼动脉之前和之后的ICA SO二者虹吸段收缩期流速无明显差异,但前者P I值明显低于后者;(4)颈外-颈内动脉(ECA-ICA)侧支开放的患者患侧与健侧滑车上动脉(S trA)血流速度无明显差异,但P I值明显低于健侧;(5)前交通动脉(ACoA)开放占50.67%(38/75),后交通动脉(PCoA)开放占52.00%(39/75),颈外-颈内动脉侧支(ECA-ICA)开放占75.44%(43/57)。结论增强对ICA SO时颅内血液动力学改变的认识能提高对ICA SO的检出率和准确性。     

经颅多谱勒检测儿童偏头痛患者脑血流速度的观察

目的　为了研究儿童偏头痛患者的脑血流动力学变化。方法　应用经颅多谱勒 (TCD)检测 95例儿童偏头痛患者头痛发作时的脑血流。结果　典型偏头痛患者发作时的脑血流主要表现为血流速度增快 ,而普通型偏头痛患者发作时的脑血流速度改变 ,除血流速度增高外 ,尚有血流速度减慢、流速不稳定和两侧流速不对称等血流动力学改变。结论　普通型偏头痛患者的脑血流改变与典型偏头痛患者不同 ,TCD检查有助于鉴别诊断     

颅脑损伤后TCD变化及其与伤情,CT及预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨：①脑外伤后ＴＣＤ的表现和变化规律;②ＴＣＤ与伤情、ＣＴ的关系;③ＴＣＤ与预后的关系。方法 选择３０例于伤后２４￣４８ｈ内入院的成年脑外伤病人（无明显复合伤,伤前无明显心脑血管疾病及严重感染）,动态行ＴＣＤ测定,同时行ＣＴ检查,并记录ＧＣＳ。结果 ①伤后１￣３ｄ已开始出现血管痉挛,６￣８ｄ达峰值,１３￣１５ｄ已明显减轻;②ＧＣＳ的变化有关,重伤组血管痉挛的发生率和程度均明显高于轻伤组;③     

经颅多谱勒检测儿童偏头痛患者脑血流速度的观察

目的 为了研究儿童偏头痛患者的脑血流动力学变化。方法 应用经颅多谱勒（TCD）检测95例儿童偏头痛患者头痛发作时的脑血流。结果 典型偏头痛患者发作时的脑血流主要表现为血流速度增快，而普通型偏头痛患者发作时的脑血流速度改变，除血流速度增高外，尚有血流速度减慢，流速不稳定和两侧流速不对称等血流动力学改变。结论 普通型偏头痛患者的脑血流改变与典型偏关痛患者不同，TCD检查有助于鉴别诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声分析缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉狭窄血流动力学改变的临床价值

目的应用彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)分析缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者颈内动脉狭窄血流动力学改变的临床价值。方法对50例健康成人和48例ICVD患者,常规行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,通过二维灰阶超声检查(2D)、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)计算颈内动脉(ICA)最狭窄处直径狭窄率,脉冲多普勒(PD)测量颈动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI),计算ICA与颈总动脉(CCA)收缩期峰值流速比值(ICA-PSV/CCA-PSV)。诊断ICA狭窄程度与磁共振血管成像(MRA)进行对比。结果 ICA组ICA-PSV、ICA-PSV/CCA-PSV与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);ICA-EDV明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而RI明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。本研究诊断ICA中、重度狭窄和闭塞的结果 ,与MRA诊断结果比较无明显统计学差别(χ2=0.1557,P>0.05)。结论 CDUS通过ICA血流动力学变化反映脑血管病变,有助于ICVD的鉴别诊断及预后判断,为早期采取有效的预防和治疗措施提供依据。     

TCD诊断颈内动脉严重狭窄或闭塞的临床意义

目的经颅多普勒超声（ＴＣＤ）检测脑循环障碍的实用价值。方法用ＴＣＤ检测１６例一侧颈内动脉（ＩＣＡ）颅外段严重狭窄或闭塞患者。结果发现这些患者脑血流动力学均有明显改变，１４例存在侧枝循环，其中１０例以前交通动脉为主，４例后交通动脉参与，且有７例眼动脉同时参与，２例未见侧枝循环。侧枝循环良好的患者，患侧大脑中动脉的平均血流速（ＭＣＡＶｍ）为５０．３±６．２ｃｍ／ｓ；侧枝循环较差的患者，患侧ＭＣＡＶｍ为４３±６．８ｃｍ／ｓ。随访发现，侧枝循环良好者，无临床症状或症状轻微；侧枝循环较差者，发生缺血性中风的机率明显增加。结论ＴＣＤ可准确诊断颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞，判断侧枝循环的建立情况，对脑循环作出全面客观的评价。     

Parent artery occlusion with bypass surgery for the treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms: Clinical and hemodynamic results

Objective

Parent artery occlusion with/without bypass surgery is one of the treatment choices for the internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm difficult to treat by clipping or coiling. There have been few reports regarding postoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes after surgery. This study evaluated the present bypass selection strategy based on balloon test occlusion (BTO) in terms of clinical and hemodynamic outcomes.

Methods

Twenty-one consecutive patients with ICA aneurysms underwent parent artery occlusion. High flow bypass (n = 9), superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass (n = 10), or no bypass (n = 2) was performed depending on the changes in clinical symptoms and CBF during BTO. Quantitative CBF measurement with acetazolamide challenge was performed in the chronic stage.

Results

Overall outcome at discharge was good recovery 18, moderate disability 2, and severe disability 1. Two patients suffered symptomatic embolic or perforator infarction associated with the surgical manipulations. Preoperative cranial nerve pareses improved completely or partially in all patients except one. CBF in the chronic stage (n = 18) demonstrated no significant difference between the surgical and non-surgical cerebral hemispheres. No cerebral ischemic event was observed during the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years).

Conclusion

The present surgical strategy based on preoperative BTO provides a reliable tool to achieve acceptable clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in patients with complex ICA aneurysms to be treated by parent artery occlusion.     

经颅多普勒超声评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞患者颅内侧支循环的临床意义

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞(ICAO)患者颅内侧支循环的临床价值.方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2020年12月就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心、行颈部血管超声检查为单侧ICAO及数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实患者145例,其中症状组109例,无症状组36例.记录TCD评估颅内...     

颈内动脉狭窄程度和血流速度与颈内动脉支架置入术后高灌注损伤的相关性研究

目的 探讨颈内动脉狭窄程度和血流速度与颈内动脉支架置入术后高灌注损伤的相关性。方法 选取2014年1月-2019年2月本院收治的298例颈内动脉狭窄患者为研究对象,全部患者采取颈内动脉支架置入术治疗,根据术后是否发生高灌注脑出血将其分为高灌注脑出血组(观察组,n=8)与未发生高灌注脑出血组(对照组,n=290); 采用改良RANKIN量表(mRS评分)评估2组受试者手术前、手术30 d后残疾程度,分别于手术前、手术后3 d采用彩色多普勒超声测定2组受试者患侧颈内动脉狭窄程度及血流速度,应用经颅多普勒TCD测定2组受试者患侧大脑中动脉血流速度; 采用NIHSS评分评估2组受试者手术前、手术30 d后神经功能缺损程度,采用LOGSTIC多元回归分析颈内动脉支架置入术后高灌注脑出血的影响因素。结果 观察组手术30 d后mRS评分高于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组手术前患侧颈内动脉狭窄程度高于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组手术前患侧大脑中动脉动脉血流速度(Vm)低于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组手术30 d后NIHSS评分高于对照组(P<0.05); Logistic多因素回归分析显示,颈内动脉支架置入术后高灌注脑出血与术前颈内动脉狭窄程度、血流速度、术后3 d患侧大脑中动脉血流速度(Vm)呈正相关(P<0.05),与术前患侧大脑中动脉血流速度(Vm)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 颈内动脉狭窄程度和血流速度是颈内动脉支架置入术后发生高灌注脑出血的独立影响因素。     

表现为单眼失明的一侧颈内动脉闭塞5例报道

目的：探讨表现为单眼失明的一侧颈内动脉闭塞患者的特点。方法选取2011～2015年收入我院的5例以单眼失眀为表现的颈内动脉闭塞患者,分析患者的临床特点。结果5例患者均先就诊于眼科,经眼底荧光造影证实为动脉闭塞;经DSA证实为单侧颈内动闭塞、眼动脉闭塞。经动脉溶栓治疗,2例恢复,1例经球后注射后较前恢复,1例仅有光感,1例未恢复。结论当无诱因突然发生单眼失明时应警惕颈内动脉闭塞。     

颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞的梗死类型及卒中机制的研究

目的 研究单侧动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在DWI上的梗死类型及发病机制.方法 起病48h内DWI诊断的急性脑梗死伴有动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的131例患者,有潜在心源性栓子患者除外.急性期DWI上梗死病灶分为：（1）单发病灶（小的穿动脉梗死灶;大的穿动脉梗死灶,皮层支梗死,大面积梗死,分水岭梗死）;（2）多发梗死病灶.结果 131例患者,ICA51例,MCA80例.ICA出现最多的梗死类型：穿支动脉伴分水岭梗死,但与MCA比较,皮层支伴分水岭梗死具有统计学意义（8/51,P=0.001）.MCA以穿支动脉伴皮层支梗死最多,且与ICA比较,具有统计学意义（12/80,P=0.003）.MCA中任何皮层支梗死与狭窄程度无关,ICA中任何分水岭梗死与狭窄程度相关.结论 颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞在DWI上的梗死类型有明显的不同,提示有着不同的卒中发病机制.     

Cerebral cortical microinfarcts in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion

Cerebral cortical microinfarcts (CMI) are small ischemic lesions that are associated with cognitive impairment and probably have multiple etiologies. Cerebral hypoperfusion has been proposed as a causal factor. We studied CMI in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, as a model for cerebral hemodynamic compromise. We included 95 patients with a complete ICA occlusion (age 66.2 ± 8.3, 22% female) and 125 reference participants (age 65.5 ± 7.4, 47% female). Participants underwent clinical, neuropsychological, and 3 T brain MRI assessment. CMI were more common in patients with an ICA occlusion (54%, median 2, range 1–33) than in the reference group (6%, median 0; range 1–7; OR 14.3; 95% CI 6.2–33.1; p<.001). CMI were more common ipsilateral to the occlusion than in the contralateral hemisphere (median 2 and 0 respectively; p<.001). In patients with CMI compared to patients without CMI, the number of additional occluded or stenosed cervical arteries was higher (p=.038), and cerebral blood flow was lower (B −6.2 ml/min/100 ml; 95% CI −12.0:–0.41; p=.036). In conclusion, CMI are common in patients with an ICA occlusion, particularly in the hemisphere of the occluded ICA. CMI burden was related to the severity of cervical arterial compromise, supporting a role of hemodynamics in CMI etiology.     

Transcranial Doppler findings during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery.

The authors performed transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) during internal carotid artery (ICA) balloon test occlusion (BTO) and observed changes in mean flow velocity (Vm) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and pulsatility index (PI) while monitoring the stump pressure (Sp) of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and neurologic findings. A group of 17 patients requiring possible temporary or permanent occlusion of the ICA in the course of planned procedures first underwent BTO. A patient who either developed neurologic changes or maintained less than 60% of preocclusion Sp or Vm in the ipsilateral MCA during BTO was considered to have a positive test. Eleven patients had negative results, while in six patients, tests were positive. Mean flow velocity showed a decrease after occlusion in all cases but not to a remarkable extent in some patients. Stump pressure decreased in all negative cases after balloon inflation and than tended to increase progressively during 15 minutes of BTO. Pulsatility index tended to decrease gradually during BTO in all negative patients. However, in positive cases, PI and Sp fell steeply. Only one positive case had a neurologic symptom of severe headache. The decreased PI in the MCA reflected autoregulatory dilation of cerebral vessels to compensate for decreased absolute cerebral blood volume following ICA occlusion. Changes in PI are a good indicator for evaluating blood flow during BTO.