毛细管电泳同时测定尿中肌酐和尿酸

目的 建立高效毛细管电泳测定肌酐和尿酸的新方法。方法 选择ｐＨ７．２、１２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＤＳ、３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液作胶束电动毛细管电泳运行液，利用外标法定量，检测波光２３５ｎｍ，同时测定尿肌酐和尿酸；非涂渍毛细管２１ｃｍ×５０μｍ（ｌ，ｄ）；电压１０ｋｖ，自动进样２ｓ，电泳６ｍｉｎ。结果 肌酐和尿酸的线性范围分别为７０００～２７．０３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３０００～４０．６２５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，     

国产毛细管电泳仪检测血清肌酐

目的：用国产毛细管电泳仪建立毛细管电泳测定血清肌酐的方法。方法：采用毛细管胶束电动色谱法，用国产TH-2000毛细管电泳仪进行血清肌酐的测定。电泳缓冲液为硼酸盐缓冲液(20mmol／L，pH9．0)，含120mmol／L十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)。紫外检测波长235nm。结果：肌酐在25．0～1600μmol／L，范围内有良好的线性，最小检出限为12．3μmol／L(信噪比=3)；本法CV批内、CV日内均小于5％；低、中、高浓度的回收率分别为96．0％、99．4％、96.5％；与全自动生化分析仪(碱性苦味酸法)测定结果对比，相关系数r=0．9977，回归方程y=0.971X-16．48；尿素、尿酸、咖啡因、维生素C、血红蛋白、胆红素、脂血等对本方法无干扰。结论：该法简单，分离效果好，上样量少，成本低，分析速度快，可应用于临床样品检测。     

血清尿酸的毛细管电泳测定

目的用毛细管电泳中的胶束动电法直接测定血清尿酸浓度。方法以ＳＤＳ作为电泳缓冲液中和胶束相,采用非涂渍毛细管２１ｃｍ×５０μｍ（ｉ．ｄ．）,检测波长２３５ｎｍ,以外标法定量。结果尿酸测定的线性范围为４６．５～１５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,最低检测限为２０．３１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ：本法的日内和日间变异系数均小于４．５％;平均回收率为１０１．４５％。内生性化合物和临床某些常用药物对此方法无干扰。结论该法线性范围宽,简单、快速,可应用于临床样品检测。     

血清尿酸的毛细管电泳测定

用毛细管电泳中的胶束动电法直接测定血清尿酸浓度。方法以ＳＤＳ作为电泳缓冲液中和胶束相，采用非涂渍毛细管２１ｃｍ＊５０μｍ（ｉ．ｄ．），检测波长２３５ｎｍ，以外标法定量。结果尿酸测定的线性范围为４６．５－１５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，最低检测限为２０．３１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；结论该法性范围宽，简单，快速，可应用于临床样品检测。     

分离测定鱼腥草和山楂果实中槲皮素、芸香苷和绿原酸反向迁移胶束毛细管电泳新方法

建立了反向迁移胶束毛细管电泳法同时分离测定鱼腥草和山楂果实中槲皮素、芸香苷和绿原酸的新方法。运行缓冲溶液为70mmol／L十二烷基硫酸钠和30mmol／L NaH2PO4,pH2．1,分离电压-15kV,检测波长214nm。在此最佳条件下,分析物可在15min内实现基线分离。槲皮素、芸香苷和绿原酸的线性范围分别为25-400、25-400、12．5-200μg／mL,相关系数分别为0．9992、0．9992、0．9999,3种分析物的检测限（S／N=3）分别为2．52、3．10、3．64μg／mL。槲皮素、芸香苷、绿原酸的回收率分别为98．5％-103．7％、95．8％～97．6％、99．1％-103．8％。     

尿中多胺的毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光测定法

目的：建立高效毛细管区带电泳(CZE)激光诱导荧光(LIF)测定人尿中多胺(POL)的新方法。方法：样品用5mmoL／L的HClO4分离蛋白，样品中多胺与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)完成衍生反应后，用四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)作内标，在15mmol／L的硼酸盐缓冲液(pH8．5)中，运用毛细管区带电泳进行色谱分离，以激光诱导荧光测定法测定多胺。结果：多胺测定在10-200μg／L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0．996)，最低检测限为16μg/L，日内变异系数(CV)3.51％-4．61％，日间变异系数(CV)3．74％-4．83％，方法平均回收率为96.00％-99．33％．结论：本方法简便、快速、定量可靠，可用于临床实验室测定人尿中多胺水平。     

电极法、终点法检测血糖、尿素和肌酐的比较

目的评价电极法、终点法测定血糖(Glu)、尿素(Urea)和肌酐(Cr)的优缺点,从而发现在临床应用中应注意的问题。方法采用电极法对Glu、Urea、Cr进行测定,同时采用终点法对Glu、Cr、Urea进行测定,并对测定结果进行实验评价。结果线性范围观察:电极法测定Glu、Urea、Cr分别在22 mmol／L、 24mmol／L、800μmol／L以内,终点法分别在27mmol／L、36mmol／L、1 700μmol／L以内,线性良好。相关性比较:当Glu、Urea、Cr分别高于22 mmol／L、24 mmol／L、800 μumol／L用混合血清稀释时,二者相关系数r分别为0．9900、0．9894、0．9882;用蒸馏水稀释时,二者相关系数r分别为0．979、0．823、0．978。两种方法在线性范围内测定Glu、Urea、Cr的变异系数(CV)小于5％。两种方法测定尿标本时,电极法只能用血清稀释,才能测定出结果,且两种方法测定出的结果相关性好(r>0．985)。当测定不同来源的样本时,电极法测定其它检测系统的定标液结果不理想。结论电极法在线性范围内准确、快速,适合急诊检验,但在临床应用中应注意超出线性范围的标本处理;血、尿液标本在测定过程中要减少基质偏差,保证校准品的专用性。而终点法虽然测定时间偏长,但在常规标本测定中仍不失为一种良好的参考方法。     

细菌代谢产物中小分子有机酸的高效毛细管电泳分析

目的建立高效毛细管电泳法测定甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸的分析方法,测定细菌代谢产物中的小分子有机酸。方法采用毛细管：Beckman coulter未涂层50μm×60cm（有效长度50cm）;缓冲溶液：pH10．5的10mmol／L（含0．5mmol／LCTAB）的硼砂溶液;检测波长214nm,分离电压-20kV,进样压力为1．0psi,进样时间为10s。结果4min内甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸得到基线分离。线性范围分别为：甲酸3．8～30．7mg／L（r=0．9971）;乙酸3．3～52．5mg／L（r=0．9961）;丙酸3．1～49．5mg／L（r=0．9993）;丁酸3～48mg／L（r=0．9925）;乳酸7．5～60．5mg／L（r=0．9995）。平均回收率分别为：甲酸99．29％（RSD=0．67％）;乙酸98．90％（RSD=1．36％）;丙酸99．65％（RSD=0．65％）;丁酸99．35％（RSD=0．42％）;乳酸98．06％（RSD=1．44％）。结论该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于细菌发酵液中代谢产物有机酸的检测。     

循环酶法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸的方法学评价

目的：评价测定血浆同型半胱氨酸（HCY）的循环酶方法。方法：血浆氧化型同型半胱氨酸经三-乙-羧乙基膦（TCEP）还原成游离型HCY，基于HCY甲基转移酶（HMTase），S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸水解酶（SAHase）构成的循环酶体系以及脱氢酶-辅酶体系的原理，用自动生化分析仪测定血浆HCY。结果：测定线性范围达1．5μmol／L～50．0μmol／L：批内CV分别为2．1％、1．7％；日间CV分别为3．7％、4．1％，总CV分别为4．9％、5．2％；回收率96．8％-101．3％；本法和高效液相色谱法比较：R^2=0．9737，Y=0．972X＋1．595。t=2．01，P〉0．05，差异无显著性；血氨〈50．0μmol／L，三酰甘油〈11．0mmol／L，抗坏血酸〈10．0mmol／L，胆红素〈500．0μmol／L，血红蛋白〈2．0g／L，谷胱甘肽〈0．05mmol／L时，对结果无明显干扰。结论：本方法具有简便、灵敏等特点，适合血浆HCY的常规和自动化分析。     

黄花倒水莲中TENUIFILIN的毛细管电泳分析

目的 建立了毛细管电泳测定黄花倒水莲中Tenuifilin皂苷含量的方法。方法 采用胶束电动毛细管电泳（40cm×75μm未涂层石英毛细管）对不同来源得黄花倒水莲提取物中Tenuifilin香苷的含量进行了测定,电泳分离条件:28mmol/L硼砂缓冲液,50mmol/LSDS,pH8.9,分离电压15kv,检测波长214um。结果 在10min内可以完成样品中皂苷的含量测定,线性范围1～10μg/ml,各产地黄花倒水莲中 Tenuifilin的含量在1.02～3.41μg/g之间。结论 该方法可用于黄花倒水莲的质量控制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.