HC视频喉镜联合纤支镜引导双腔气管插管的临床应用性研究

目的评估HC视频喉镜联合纤支镜用于双腔支气管(DLT)插管的临床效果及其安全性。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期需DLT插管后行胸科手术的患者80例。随机分为两组(n=40):视频喉镜组(A组)和直接喉镜组(B组)。A组选用HC视频喉镜行DLT插管到声门下,之后用纤支镜引导行支气管插管。B组选用直接喉镜行DLT支气管插管,然后用纤支镜定位。记录声门显露情况、声门显露时间、声门显露后DLT至声门下时间、支气管插管一次成功率、气道损伤情况。结果与B组相比,A组声门一次性显露成功率增高,声门显露时间和声门显露后DLT至声门下时间缩短,环状软骨按压率降低,支气管插管一次成功率升高,气道损伤减少(P<0.05)。结论 HC视频喉镜联合纤支镜引导DLT插管难度降低,患者不良反应减少,可以安全地应用于DLT插管。     

Airtraq联合弹性探条用于困难双腔支气管插管一例

Airtraq可视喉镜是一种新型气管插管工具,无需口、咽、气管三轴线的重合即可改善声门Cormack-Lehane (C-L)分级,可用于常规或困难气管插管.以往的研究多集中于单腔气管插管时的普通或困难气道,但在未预料到的双腔支气管导管(DLT)插管困难方面报道不多.本文报道1例未预计的困难气道使用传统的Macintosh喉镜DLT插管失败改用Airtraq联合弹性探条(gum elastic bougie,GEB)后成功的病例.     

光棒-换管器分步使用在困难气道左侧双腔管插管中的效果观察

目的观察需支气管插管的困难气道患者光棒引导单腔管置入后再用换管器完成双腔管插管的效果。方法对需实施肺隔离的24例困难气道患者,于快诱导麻醉后先用光棒引导插入单腔气管导管,继按Ka法用换管器协助换成左侧双腔管,观察初次插管成功率(排除误入食管或扭转到右支气管)、其他插管方法补救率(改逆行、纤支镜引导插管、开胸手术换堵塞器等)、气道严重并发症(牙齿脱落、术后咽部血肿、气道出血等)发生率。并同近年来传统喉镜(含myco喉镜)下困难气道双腔管插管的16例相关资料进行比较。结果分步法需被迫改用其他方法补救者显著低于传统法,初次插管成功率显著优于传统方法,气道严重并发症发生率,明显低于传统法,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对需支气管插管肺隔离的困难气道患者(如尘肺肺灌洗)先用光棒引导插入单腔管,再用换管器协助交换插入左支管插管,效果良好。     

可视喉镜与直接喉镜在双腔支气管插管中的应用

目的观察比较可视喉镜与直接喉镜在双腔支气管插管中的临床效果,探讨两者在双腔支气管插管中的应用价值。方法选择择期需行双腔支气管插管的胸外科手术患者80例,男50例,女30例,年龄18~70岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,将患者随机分为两组:可视喉镜组和直接喉镜组,每组40例,分别使用可视喉镜和直接喉镜行双腔支气管插管。观察比较两组声门显露(C-L)分级、插管时间、第一次插管成功率、插管反应阳性例数和术后24h咽喉痛发生率;监测患者入室后(T_0)、诱导后插管前1min(T_1)、插管后1min(T_2)、2min(T_3)、3min(T_4)MAP、HR;记录口腔损伤出血情况以及气管壁及隆突损伤情况。结果与可视喉镜组比较,直接喉镜组声门显露C-L分级和第一次插管成功率明显升高,插管时间明显缩短,插管反应阳性发生率和术后24h咽喉痛发生率明显降低(P0.05)。两组口腔损伤出血情况及气管壁及隆突损伤情况差异无统计学意义。T_2、T_3时两组MAP明显低于T_1时,且T_2、T_3时直接喉镜组MAP明显低于可视喉镜组(P0.05)。结论与可视喉镜比较,对无预计困难气道的患者,直接喉镜更适用于双腔支气管插管。     

新型Airtraq喉镜（氧瞬得）在困难气管插管中的应用

目的：观察Airtraq喉镜在困难气道插管中的临床应用。方法将60例困难气管插管患者作为研究对象,观察使用Airtraq喉镜插管过程中患者声门显露率、气管插管总成功率和一次插管成功率、插管操作时间、插管操作相关并发症等。结果Airtraq喉镜组患者声门显露均为Ⅰ级,气管插管均一次成功（100％）,插管过程中患者心率和血压稳定,未出现声音嘶哑、牙齿损伤或松动的病例,插管后出现口腔粘膜出血1例,术后咽喉痛1例,分别占总例数的3．3％。结论Airtraq喉镜对麻醉中困难气管插管理及临床抢救插管有较高的应用价值。     

视频喉镜在气道管理中应用的进展

视频喉镜是能够提供上呼吸道间接视野的新型气管插管设备。在困难气道管理处理方面．与直接喉镜相比．视频喉镜能够改善声门显露的Cormack—Lehane分级,并能在较短时间内达到相同或更高的气管插管成功率。尽管视频喉镜可获得非常好的声门显露．但是应用视频喉镜时插入和推进气管导管有时可发生失败。到目前为止,尚无确切证据表明在正常或困难气道患者视频喉镜应取代直接喉镜。     

可视喉镜与普通喉镜在困难气道插管中的应用价值比较

目的比较可视喉镜与普通喉镜在困难气道插管中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018-01—2019-12间宝丰县中医院急诊科收治的104例需行紧急插管的困难气道插管患者的临床资料。按不同喉镜分为普通喉镜组和可视喉镜组,各52例。比较2组喉镜检查分级、一次性插管成功率、声门显露时间、插管次数、插管时间及平均动脉压(MAP)。结果可视喉镜组喉镜检查分级、一次性插管成功率、声门显露时间、插管次数、插管时间,以及声门显露时、置入导管时和导管置入5 min后的MAP等指标,均优于普通喉镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论可视喉镜应用于困难气道插管患者,具有喉镜检查分级优、一次性成功率高、插管次数少、插管时间短,而且对患者的MAP影响较小等优势。     

Truview EVO2喉镜用于模拟颈项强直患者气管插管的效果

目的评价Truview EVO2喉镜用于模拟颈项强直患者气管插管的效果。方法择期经口气管插管全麻手术患者100例,静脉麻醉诱导后使用硬质颈托固定其颈部,所有患者随机先后使用Truview EVO2喉镜和Macintosh喉镜显露喉部,并采用后一种喉镜辅助气管插管。记录Cormack-Lehane(C-L)分级,喉部结构显露时间,气管插管完成时间,一次插管成功率等。结果 Truview EVO2喉镜C-L分级显著优于Macintosh喉镜(P<0.05),喉部结构显露时间短于Macintosh喉镜(P<0.05),插管一次成功率显著高于Macintosh喉镜(P<0.05);但两种喉镜的气管插管完成时间差异无统计学意义。结论 Truview EVO2喉镜用于模拟颈项强直患者气管插管效果明显优于Macintosh喉镜,对于颈部活动受限患者具有很好的应用价值。     

Airtraq可视喉镜与Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床研究

目的 比较Airtraq可视喉镜和Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床效果.方法 选择需行单肺通气的胸外科手术患者60例,随机均分为两组.A组使用Airtraq可视喉镜而M组使用Macintosh直接喉镜行双腔支气管插管.比较两组插管时间、Cormack/Lehane分级、插管难易度评分(IDS评分)、进入目标支气管的成功率、口腔损伤出血情况(唇、齿、舌及口腔黏膜).结果 A组MallampatiⅢ级患者的插管时间明显短于M组(P＜0.05);Cormack/Lehane分级及IDS评分明显优于M组(P＜0.05);IDS评分≥1分患者A组明显少于M组(P＜0.05).结论 与Macintosh喉镜相比,MallampatiⅢ级患者使用Airtraq可视喉镜插管速度更快,Airtraq可视喉镜下声门显露更佳,且插管难度更低.     

帝视内镜和纤维支气管镜用于口腔颌面骨折手术患者经鼻气管插管的比较

目的评估和比较帝视内镜(Disposcope,DS)和纤维支气管镜(FOB)用于口腔颌面骨折手术患者经鼻气管插管的临床效果。方法选择择期行口腔颌面骨折手术患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。患者随机分为DS组和FOB组,每组30例。两组均采取经鼻气管插管,DS组采用DS引导插管,FOB组采用FOB引导插管。记录插管时间、首次插管成功率、插管总成功率。记录术后24h患者声音嘶哑、咽痛、黏膜损伤、牙齿松动等不良反应发生情况。结果 DS组插管时间明显短于FOB组(P0.05)。两组首次插管成功率和插管总成功率差异无统计学意义。两组术后24h声音嘶哑、咽痛、黏膜损伤、牙齿松动发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论DS或FOB均有助于口腔颌面骨折手术患者经鼻气管插管,两者插管成功率和插管相关并发症相似,但使用DS插管时间较FOB缩短,且操作和维护方便,可在基层医院推广应用。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠176只,体重200 ～ 250 g,9周龄,采用随机数字法,将其分为4组:假手术组(S组,n=40)、神经病理性痛组(NP组,n=40)、生理盐水组(NS组,n=48)和米诺环素组(M组,n=48).NP组、NS组和M组采用慢性坐骨神经缩窄性损伤法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,而不结扎.术后第7天时,NS组和M组分别于中脑导水管周围灰质的腹外侧区注射生理盐水或米诺环素0.5μl.取8只大鼠,分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后第3天(T1)、第7天给药前30 min(T2)、第7天给药后30 min(T3)、第14天(T4)和第21天(T5)时测定机械痛阈.于T1-5时各处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,行小胶质细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,NP组、NS组和M组T1-5时机械痛阈降低,小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05);NP组和NS组各时点机械痛阈和小胶质细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组和NS组比较,M组T3时机械痛阈升高,小胶质细胞计数降低(P＜0.05).结论 中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠神经病理性痛中的形成与维持.     

沈阳男性髋部骨折多于女性原因探讨

为找出沈阳地区髋部骨折发生男性多于女性的原因，探索该病在不发达国家或地区的流行特点，我们再次通过查阅病例记录，对沈阳市１９９４年５０岁以上人口的部分髋部骨折病发生的原因进行了较详细的调查分析。共调查分析２６６髋部骨折病例，其中男１６３例，女１０３例。损伤原因记为单纯摔倒（滑倒或绊倒）、骑自行车摔倒、自行车撞倒、机动车事故和高位跌下（滚楼梯或从较高位置掉下）。结果表明：男女在髋部骨折伤因构成上有差别（Ｐ＝０．００４）。女性髋部骨折的大多数（７０％）是由单纯摔倒引起，而在男性则不足一半（４９％），即男性髋部骨折的一半以上不是由于单纯摔倒而是由各种意外事故造成的（Ｐ＝０．０００８）。在各种意外事故中，男性骑自行车摔倒引起骨折的频率（２８％）明显高于女性（１０％）。除了骑自行车摔倒外，男性由自行车撞倒和高位跌下引起骨折的频率稍高于女性，但无太大差别。机动车事故造成骨折的频率男女基本一致。此结果在一定的程度上说明，１９９４年沈阳５０岁以上的男性髋部骨折发病率高是由于男性发生的各种意外事故多，尤其是骑自行车引起的事故造成的。