诱导型环氧合酶-2与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是由多种炎性因子介导的慢性炎症反应过程，环氧合酶的两种同工酶（COX-1和COX-2）及其产物前列腺素对动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展及斑块稳定性起着重要作用。COX-2与动脉粥样硬化密切相关，可能是一个动脉粥样硬化治疗的新靶点。选择性COX-2抑制剂可以改善动脉粥样硬化的进程和临床终点。     

诱导型环氧合酶-2与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是由多种炎性因子介导的慢性炎症反应过程,环氧合酶的两种同工酶(COX-1和COX-2)及其产物前列腺素对动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展及斑块稳定性起着重要作用.COX-2与动脉粥样硬化密切相关,可能是一个动脉粥样硬化治疗的新靶点.选择性COX-2抑制剂可以改善动脉粥样硬化的进程和临床终点.     

环氧合酶-2和血管内皮生长因子-C与胃癌淋巴管转移

目的　研究环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) C在胃癌组织中的表达及相关性 ,探讨二者在胃癌淋巴管生成和转移中的作用。方法　采用免疫组化方法和逆转录 PCR技术 ,分别检测了 6 4例胃癌石蜡组织中COX 2和VEGF C的表达及其中 2 2例胃癌新鲜组织中二者mRNA的表达。结果　 2 2例胃癌新鲜组织中COX 2和VEGF CmRNA表达阳性率分别为 82 %和73% ,其表达均高于相应的癌旁正常组织 (P <0 0 0 1) ,与 6 4例胃癌石蜡标本COX 2和VEGF C的表达结果较一致。且COX 2和VEGF C表达之间存在明显关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。二者在癌组织中的高表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移等密切相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　胃癌组织中有COX 2和VEGF C的高表达 ,而COX 2可能参与VEGF C淋巴管生成通路 ,它们的表达可能在胃癌淋巴管浸润和转移中发挥重要作用     

环氧合酶-2在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨胰腺癌中COX-2的表达及其临床意义.方法应用免疫组化SP法检测45例胰腺癌、11例慢性胰腺炎、7例胰腺良性肿瘤和10例正常胰腺组织中COX-2的表达.结果正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎组织的导管上皮和腺泡细胞未见COX-2的表达,7例良性胰腺肿瘤有2例COX-2呈阳性表达,45例胰腺癌中,有34例COX-2呈阳性表达,阳性率为75.6%.COX-2在胰腺癌中的表达显著高于正常胰腺、慢性胰腺炎和胰腺良性肿瘤(χ2分别为19.79、21.16和6.28,P<0.0001、P<0.0001和P<0.01),COX-2表达水平的高低与胰腺癌的部位、分化程度、转移和TNM分期之间无显著性差异(χ2分别为2.10,1.27,0.44和0.21,P>0.05).结论 COX-2的过度表达在胰腺癌的发生中可能具有重要作用,COX-2抑制剂对胰腺癌的预防和治疗可能有效.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与环氧合酶-2表达的关系

众多临床研究资料表明幽门螺杆菌（Hp）是慢性胃炎的重要致病因素，同时，其与胃癌的发生也密切相关，Hp可以通过诱导炎症，调节癌基因及抑癌基因的表达诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞增殖和凋亡异常及其代谢产物包括一些酶类、毒素和蛋白，直接损伤胃黏膜等形式引起胃癌的发生。Hp与胃癌的发生发展之间的关系日益受到人们的重视，并逐渐成为临床和基础研究的热点。环氧合酶-2（COX-2）是炎症反应的重要介质，并且Hp感染可上调其表达。     

环氧合酶-2抑制剂与肾脏

非甾类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的主要作用是抑制环氧合酶(COX)。COX有两种同工异构体COX-1和COX-2。COX-1是一种“看家酶”，它对机体的内稳定起着重要作用，COX-2是一种诱导酶，是引起炎症反应的关键酶COX-2特异性抑制剂明显地减少胃肠道副作用，但近来发现COX-2存一些脏器中也有生理性表达NSAIDs对肾的不利影响如急性缺血性肾功能衰竭、电解质紊乱、肾乳头坏死，都与它抑制COX有关。因此COX-2特异性抑制剂的肾安全性成了人们关注的热点。现就COX-2抑制剂对肾的影响作一综述。     

环氧合酶-2和前列腺素E合酶与反流性食管炎关系研究

环氧合酶-2(COX-2)过度表达与前列腺素E2(PGE2)合成增多有关，而导致两者增加的机制尚不明确。近年来，发现-种与COX-2表达有关的酶-膜相关前列腺素E合酶(mPGES)，该酶是PGE2合成过程中最后-个催化酶。本研究旨在探讨mPGES-1和COX-2与反流性食管炎的关系。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与环氧化酶-2诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达关系的研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(H·pylori,Hp)感染与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达之间的关系,以探讨Hp的致病及可能致癌机制。方法2005年6月至2006年5月,南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科采用免疫组化法检测294例胃黏膜标本中COX-2、iNOS的表达。结果(1)各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞和腺细胞中COX-2阳性积分差异均有显著性(P<0·01),其中以肠上皮化生与异性增生(IM DYS)组最高;且浅表性胃炎(CSG)和IM DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中COX-2表达明显高于Hp阴性(P<0·05)。(2)各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞中iNOS的阳性积分差异有显著性(P<0·05),其中以CSG组最高,IM DYS组次之;在CSG和IM DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中iNOS表达明显高于Hp阴性(P<0·05)。(3)中重度CSG炎症细胞中iNOS表达高于轻度CSG(P<0·05)。(4)各研究组胃黏膜中COX-2和iNOS的表达呈显著正相关(P<0·01)。结论(1)Hp感染可能通过诱导COX-2、iNOS的过度表达参与Hp的致病过程,并且Hp可能通过上调COX-2的过度表达参与胃癌发生的早期进程。(2)COX-2、iNOS的表达在Hp的致病过程中相互作用,相互影响。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与环氧化酶-2诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达关系的研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（H、pylori，Hp）感染与环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达之间的关系，以探讨Hp的致病及可能致癌机制。方法2005年6月至2006年5月，南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科采用免疫组化法检测294例胃黏膜标本中COX-2、iNOS的表达。结果（1）各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞和腺细胞中COX-2阳性积分差异均有显著性（P〈0.01），其中以肠上皮化生与异性增生（IM＋DYS）组最高；且浅表性胃炎（CSG）和IM＋DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中COX-2表达明显高于Hp阴性（P〈0．05）。（2）各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞中iNOS的阳性积分差异有显著性（P〈0．05），其中以CSG组最高，IM＋DYS组次之；在CSG和IM＋DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中iNOS表达明显高于Hp阴性（P〈0．05）。（3）中重度CSG炎症细胞中iNOS表达高于轻度CSG（P〈0．05）。（4）各研究组胃黏膜中COX-2和iNOS的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论（1）Hp感染可能通过诱导COX-2、iNOS的过度表达参与Hp的致病过程，并且Hp可能通过上调COX-2的过度表达参与胃癌发生的早期进程。（2）COX-2、iNOS的表达在Hp的致病过程中相互作用，相互影响。     

喉癌组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达与微血管密度的关系及其临床意义

目的　探讨喉鳞癌组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS)的表达与微血管密度 (MVD)的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术 SP法 ,对 58例不同病理分化程度、临床分期的喉鳞癌组织 CD34、i NOS表达蛋白进行检测。结果　喉癌组织 i NOS阳性表达率为 84.5% ,i NOS表达程度与喉癌的临床分期无相关性 ,与细胞分化程度呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;淋巴结转移组 i NOS(96.0 % )显著高于无淋巴结转移组 (75.8% ) ;i NOS表达程度与肿瘤的 MVD存在正相关性 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　 i NOS在喉鳞状细胞癌中表达增高可能与血管形成有关。     

Role of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, it has been recognized that both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) produce important endogenous factors of human tumor progression. However, the clinicopathological and biological significance of the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The objective of this study is to find the possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 and iNOS expression in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained through surgical resection. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and iNOS in respect to variable clinicopathological characteristics, proliferation activity (by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression; angiogenesis). RESULTS: Immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated immunolabeling of tumor cells with the primary antibodies, bovine anti-iNOS and anti-COX-2 antibodies. The COX-2 and iNOS positive rates were 41.7 and 66.7%, respectively. There was significant correlation between positive COX-2 and positive iNOS expression (P = 0.043). The proliferation index (Ki-67 labeling index) was higher in COX-2 positive specimens compared to COX-2 negative specimen (P = 0.015). The apoptotic index of positive iNOS expressions was significantly higher than negative expressions (P < 0.001). The expression of COX-2 and iNOS proteins did not correlate with age, sex, serum bilirubin, CA-19-9, location, size, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, differentiation, distant metastasis, patient survival, or microvessel density. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pattern of positive expression was similar in both enzymes, the effect on tumor progression differed; iNOS expression may play a role in apoptosis of tumor cell, while COX-2 expression may contribute to tumor proliferation. However, COX-2 and iNOS expression is not related to prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

Interaction between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 after cerebral ischemia

Focal cerebral ischemia is associated with expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), enzymes whose reaction products contribute to the evolution of ischemic brain injury. We tested the hypothesis that, after cerebral ischemia, nitric oxide (NO) produced by iNOS enhances COX-2 activity, thereby increasing the toxic potential of this enzyme. Cerebral ischemia was produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats or mice. Twenty-four hours after ischemia in rats, iNOS-immunoreactive neutrophils were observed in close proximity (<20 μm) to COX-2-positive cells at the periphery of the infarct. In the olfactory bulb, only COX-2 positive cells were observed. Cerebral ischemia increased the concentration of the COX-2 reaction product prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in the ischemic area and in the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. The iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine reduced PGE₂ concentration in the infarct, where both iNOS and COX-2 were expressed, but not in the olfactory bulb, where only COX-2 was expressed. Postischemic PGE₂ accumulation was reduced significantly in iNOS null mice compared with wild-type controls (C57BL/6 or SV129). The data provide evidence that NO produced by iNOS influences COX-2 activity after focal cerebral ischemia. Pro-inflammatory prostanoids and reactive oxygen species produced by COX-2 may be a previously unrecognized factor by which NO contributes to ischemic brain injury. The pathogenic effect of the interaction between NO, or a derived specie, and COX-2 is likely to play a role also in other brain diseases associated with inflammation.     

结肠癌中骨桥蛋白与环氧化酶-2的表达及临床意义

目的研究骨桥蛋白(OPN)与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)在结肠癌组织中的表达水平,并探讨两者与结肠癌转移浸润的关系。方法应用免疫组化法检测60例结肠癌组织和16例癌旁正常组织中OPN与COX-2的表达,并用SPSS 16.0统计软件分析其表达水平与临床病理特征的关系及二者的表达相关性。结果 OPN在结肠癌组织中表达的阳性率(70.0%)高于癌旁正常结肠组织(18.8%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);COX-2在结肠癌组织中表达的阳性率(75.0%)高于癌旁正常结肠组织(37.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。OPN和COX-2蛋白的表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),OPN与COX-2蛋白在结肠癌组织中表达呈正相关。结论 OPN和COX-2在结肠癌的发生发展中起重要作用,联合检测可作为判断结肠癌恶性程度和预后的指标。     

原发性肝细胞癌及癌旁组织中环氧合酶-2的表达及其意义

目的：研究人原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）组织和癌旁非瘤组织中的环氧合酶－2（COX－2）蛋白及基因表达情况,方法：采用免疫组织化法和原位分子杂交法,研究27对原发性肝细胞癌及癌旁非肿瘤组织,5例正常肝组织中COX－2的蛋白和基因表达,结果：高分化HCC中COX－2蛋白表达显著高于中分化和低分化HCC（P分别＜0．05）以及癌旁组织和正常组织（P分别＜0．01）,癌旁组织的COX－2表达显著高于正常组织（P＜0．05）,癌旁组织,中分化和低分化HCC之间COX－2的表达强度差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,在COX－2蛋白阳性的肝癌细胞和癌旁肝细胞胸胞胞质中可见到COX－2mRNA呈阳性表达,结论：COX－2的过度表达可能参与了高分子HCC的致癌过程。     

Analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cancer: high throughput tissue microarray analysis

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate breast carcinomas for the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) using a tissue microarray (TMA) and to determine its clinical and prognostic relevance.Methods We analyzed Cox-2 expression in 600 samples from 200 breast carcinomas immunohistochemically performing TMA technology and semiquantitative analysis. Results were correlated with various clinicopathological variables and follow-up data. Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, and Her-2/neu-oncogene was analyzed and correlated with Cox-2 status.Results We observed a moderate or strong cytoplasmic staining for Cox-2 in 78 (40.6%) of breast carcinomas. Increased Cox-2 expression corresponded to higher pT stage (P=0.038), amplification of Her-2/neu (P=0.032), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.006), a high MIB-1 labeling index (LI) (P<0.001), and histological grading (P=0.013). We also observed an inverse relationship between strong Cox-2 expression and estrogen and progesterone receptor content of tumors (P=0.037 and P=0.010). However, we could not demonstrate a significant association between Cox-2 staining and overall survival or disease free survival time.Conclusions These results suggest that Cox-2 expression is significantly associated with less differentiated and more aggressive breast carcinomas and might therefore be a useful prognostic indicator as well as a target for therapy.     

Expression and clinical significance of S100A2 and p63 in esophageal carcinoma

AIM： TO investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100A2 mRNA and protein, p63 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their roles in carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal carcinoma （EC）. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining （S-P method） for S100A2 and p63 protein were performed in 40 samples of ESCC and 40 samples of normal esophageal mucosa. In situ hybridization （ISH） was used to detect the expression of S100A2 mRNA. RESULTS： Expression of S100A2 mRNA in ESCC was positive in 77.5% of samples, which was lower than that in normal mucosa （100%） by ISH （P = 0.002）. The expression level of S100A2 mRNA was closely related to differentiation and and node-metastasis （P = 0.012, P = 0.008）. Expression of $100A2 protein was positive in 72.5% of ESCC samples and expression of p63 protein was positive in 37.5% of ESCC samples, and was lower than that in normal mucosa （100%） （P = 0.000）. The expression of S100A2 protein was correlated with the differentiation and node-metastasis （P = 0.007, P = 0.001）, but no relationship was observed between the expression of p63 protein and clinical pathological manifestations. S100A2 protein was positively correlated with the expression of S100A2 mRNA, and negatively associated with the expression of p63 protein （P = 0.000, P = 0.002）. CONCLUSION： S100A2 and p63 protein both play important roles in the carcinogenesis of ESCC. An investigation into the combined expression of S100A2 and p63 may be helpful in early diagnosis and in evaluating the prognosis of ESCC.     

结肠癌COX-2mRNA表达与微血管密度关系的临床意义

目的通过观察结肠癌组织COX-2mRNA及CD34的表达，结合结肠癌组织中微血管密度（microvessel density，MVD）所见，探讨COX-2与肿瘤血管形成及病理特征的关系，为结肠癌生物治疗提供理论基础。方法 选择62例结肠癌、22例结肠腺瘤和22例正常结肠黏膜标本，采用原位分子杂交法检测COX-2mRNA并用MaxVisionTM快捷免疫组化法检测CD34表达，光镜下记数MVD。结果结肠癌、结肠腺瘤组织COX-2mRNA的阳性率明显高于正常黏膜，且有统计学意义（74．19％：36．36％，P=0．001；72．73％：36．36％，P=0．015）；结肠癌组平均MVD值高于腺瘤组和正常组，三组比较，有统计学意义（F=19．628，P=0．000）。在62例结肠癌组织中，高分化组COX-2mRNA阳性率高于低分化组（X^2=4．215、P=0．040）；进展期癌组的MVD高于早期癌组（t=3．079，P：0．003）；淋巴结有转移组MVD高于无转移组（t=3．180，P=0．002）；有血管侵犯组高于无血管侵犯组（t=2．093，P=0．041）；COX-2mRNA阳性组MVD高于阴性组，COX-2mRNA高表达组MVD高于低表达组，但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论MVD记数可作为判断肿瘤预后的有效评价指标，COX-2与肿瘤细胞的增殖和凋亡密切相关，与肿瘤血管生成无直接相关性。