运动康复对AMI患者QT离散度的影响

目的：探讨运动康复对急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者预后的影响。方法：观察了40例作运动康复治疗的AMI患者（康复组）康复前后心电图Q－T离散度（Q－Td）的变化，并与未行运动康复的AMI患者（对照组）进行了比较。结果：运动康复后Q－Tcmax、Q－Td和Q－Tcd（校正Q－T离散度）三项指标均比运动康复前明显减少（P＜0．05或＜0．01）。并且患者出院时康复组Q－Td比对照组显著减少。结论：运动康复能够降低AMI患者Q－T离散度，可改善病人的预后。     

急性心肌梗塞早期康复运动耐量与心率变异性分析

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者早期运动康复对运动耐量的影响以及心率变异性的变化。方法 :对 35例 AMI患者出院前行活动平板运动试验和心率变异性测定 ,其中 2 0例 AMI患者进行了两周运动康复程序治疗。结果 :康复组平均运动耐量为 5.3± 2 .5METs,未康复组为 2 .87± 0 .83METs,两组间有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。 35例 AMI患者心率变异性较正常对照组明显降低 ,AMI康复组的心率变异较非康复组有明显的改善。结论 :早期运动康复治疗可增加 AMI患者运动耐量 ,明显改善其心率变异性 ,并可能降低 AMI死亡率 ,改善其预后     

脑出血急性期存活时间与血压、年龄、血生化的多种因素回归分析

目的 探讨脑出血急性期存活时间与血压、年龄、血生化的关系。方法 选取49例人院72h内死亡(经临床CT、MRI、腰穿确诊脑出血)患者，查入院时血压、血清K^ 、Na^ 、Ca2^ 、二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)血糖(BS)以及尿素氮(BUN)为观察指标，以存活时间为因变量(y)，探讨年龄(x1)，收缩期血压(x2)，舒张压(x3)，BS(x4)，BuN(x5)，K^ (x6)(6)，Na^ (x7)，Ca^2 (x8)，CO2CP(x9)建立逐步回归方程。结果 经逐步回归方程：y=-58．7047 0．5387x1 0．4483x4 0．8371x5 7．6346x6，r=0．5232，回归于a=0．01水平非常显著。结论 证实脑出血后72h内存活时间与年龄、血压、血糖、尿素氮、血清钾、呈正相关，提示年龄较大，血糖、尿素氮、血K^ 升高者预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死患者住院期康复运动及出院前的运动负荷试验研究

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者住院期康复运动及出院前运动负荷试验的安全、有效性。方法:85例AMI无合并症或合并症已控制的患者,于住院期在心电、血压监测下进行三阶段康复运动治疗,并于出院前进行心脏功能评定,评定方法分为标准和非标准运动试验,标准运动试验分为功率自行车和平板运动试验,非标准运动试验选用400m步行试验。结果:所有患者均完成了住院期康复治疗及出院前的运动负荷试验,而且无严重心律失常、再次心肌梗死、心力衰竭等严重心脏病事件发生。38例患者年龄相对较大,左室射血分值较低,康复训练强度低,体能差,选用 400m步行试验作为评定方法,运动贮量为2.86±0.49METs。其余 47例患者选择分级运动试验,29例患者应用自行车运动试验,运动贮旦为4.72±0.90METs,18例患者应用平板运动试验,运动贮量为5.49±1.38METs。结论:在心电及血压监测下进行个体化的康复运动是安全、有效的。出院前运动负荷试验应根据患者具体情况,选择适宜的评定方法,以便安全、准确地评定出患者的运动贮量。     

急性心肌梗死患者早期血糖增高的临床特点及其预后

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者早期血糖增高特点及其预后。方法　回顾性分析住院AMI患者 2 0 6例 ,分为单纯AMI、合并高血压 (HT)、合并 2型糖尿病 (DM )以及DM合并HT组。观察其心功能 (Killip)、恶性心律失常及病死率差别。 结果　 ( 1)无DM的AMI患者早期血糖增高出现率为 4 8 2 % ,多见于女性病人 ,梗死部位多为前壁 ;( 2 )合并显著血糖应激反应的单纯AMI患者其预后较无应者差 (住院死亡率 :2 5 %vs 3 4 4 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而与AMI DM HT或AMI DM者相近 (住院死亡率 :2 5 %vs 30 77%vs 31 2 5 % ,P >0 0 5 ) ;( 3)AMI患者预后与早期血糖水平、心功能和恶性心律失常成正相关 (血糖r =0 19,心功能r =0 14 ,恶性心律失常r =0 4 0 ,P均 <0 0 1)。结论　AMI早期血糖增高 ,提示预后差 ,尤其对合并DM、HT及显著血糖增高者 ,应积极治疗     

急性心肌梗塞病人运动康复治疗的临床分析

目的 :了解康复运动对急性心肌梗塞后 2 8天病人的运动贮量及心脏功能的影响。方法 :将 2 0例急性心肌梗塞病人随机分为运动康复组与对照组 ,治疗组应用 Med Graphics心肺运动功能仪进行康复治疗 2 0次。对照组给予心肌梗塞常规治疗。结果 :治疗组峰值 V· O2 (耗氧量 )、 AT(无氧阈 )、 RPP(二项乘积 )值均较对照组明显升高。结论 :急性心肌梗塞后病人进行康复运动能提高其运动贮量和功能     

康复运动对冠心病人PTCA支架术后功能贮量的影响

目的：研究康复运动对PTCA支架术后病人功能贮量的影响。方法：选择冠心病PTCA支架术后病人67例，随机分为A组（康复组，36例），B组（对照组，31例），A组进行5－6个月的个体化运动程序训练，比较运动前、后两组病人的最大运动负荷（METmax和RPP）。结果：经康复运动训练A组METmax和RPP提高28.1%、4．6％，按B组有显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：冠心病PTCA支架术后病人经过康复运动可以提高其功能贮量。     

小剂量硝酸甘油静滴对老年急性心肌梗死的疗效分析

目的：观察小剂量硝酸甘油（NTG）静滴对老年AMI患的临床疗效。方法：50例AMI患被随机分为小剂量NTG静滴治疗组（30例），传统治疗方法的对照组（20例），观察血压、心率，胸痛情况，评价临床心功能状况及预后。结果：治疗组与对照组比较，疼痛缓解率分别为82．1％，47．4％，心衰控制率分别为81．8％，33．3％，住院期间的死亡率分别是10．0％，35．0％。未见严重副作用。结论：小剂量静滴NTG可使老年AMI的患得益，有效地缓解胸痛，改善临床心功能并减少住院期间的死亡率。     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者运动耐量的影响

目的 :探讨溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急性期和远期运动耐量的影响。方法 :将 143例 AMI患者分为溶栓再通组 (35例 )、未通组 (2 3例 )和非溶栓组 (85例 ) ,比较三组急性期和远期运动耐量。结果 :急性期 ,再通组的运动量、运动时间、最大心率、心率血压乘积均明显高于未通组和非溶栓组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,运动诱发的心绞痛或血压下降≥ 10 m m Hg(1m m Hg=0 .133k Pa)的比率明显低于后两者 (P <0 .0 5 )。远期随访 ,三组的运动量、最大心率、运动时间、心率血压乘积及运动诱发心绞痛或血压下降的比率均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :溶栓再通能显著提高 AMI患者急性期运动耐量 ,但对远期运动耐量改善不明显     

V1导联P波终末电势与老年高血压病人左室舒张功能的关系

目的：探讨V1导联P波终末电势（PtfV1）与老年高血压病人左室舒张功能的关系。方法：测量135例老年高血压病人的心电图PtfV1,以及心脏超声的E／A比值,E波减速时间（EDT）。左室等容舒张时间（IVRT）．左房内径指数（LADI）．左房射血力（LAEF）,左室质量指数（LVMI）等。心电图PtfV1≥-0．02的84例病人被定为甲组,PtfV1％-0．02mm／s的51例病人被定为乙组,比较两组间心超左室舒张功能指标的差异,并以PtfV1为自变量进行Pearson相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果：与甲组比较,乙组的E／A显著下降,EDT、IVRT、LADI、LAEF显著增加（P〈0．05～〈0．01）;Pearson相关分析PtfV1与EDT（r=0．225,P=0．004）、1VRT（r=-0．185,P=0．016）、LADI（r=-0．178,P=0．019）呈显著负相关。多元逐步回归分析示EDT进入方程（R^2=0．051,df=134,P=0．009）,与PtfV1呈线性关系。结论：PtfV1与老年高血压病人左室舒张功能密切相关,是预测老年高血压病人左室舒张功能简便、有效的可靠方法。     

Multivariable analysis of heart rate recovery after cycle ergometry in heart failure: exercise in heart failure

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between impairment in heart rate recovery (HR_rec) after cycle ergometry and prognostic markers in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with healthy controls.

Methods

Fifty patients with chronic HF (systolic HF, N = 30; diastolic HF, N = 20; mean age = 62 ± 12 years) and 50 healthy controls (N = 50; mean age = 66 ± 13 years) underwent 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography followed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Independent predictors of HR_rec at 1 and 2 minutes after exercise were analyzed by univariable and multivariable regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristics were performed to obtain area under the curve.

Results

In HF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (millimeters), left ventricular ejection fraction (%), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (picograms/milliliter), peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak [milliliters/kilogram/min]), and peak heart rate (HR_peak) showed a significant association with HR_rec (beats/min) in univariate regression analyses (P < .001), but only VO₂peak remained independently predictive of both HR_rec1 (P = .034) and HR_rec2 (P = .008) in the multivariable regression analyses. In controls, VO₂peak (P = .035) and HR_peak (P = .032) were significantly associated with HR_rec2 in univariate analyses only. Optimal cutoff values for discriminating HF versus non-HF based on HR_rec were 17.5 beats/min (sensitivity 92%; specificity 74%) for HR_rec1 and 31.5 beats/min (sensitivity 94%; specificity 86%) for HR_rec2. Optimal cutoff values for discriminating systolic HF versus diastolic HF were 12.5 beats/min (sensitivity 78%; specificity 80%) for HR_rec1 and 24.5 beats/min (sensitivity 82%; specificity 90%) for HR_rec2.

Conclusion

Impairment in after exercise HR_rec is significantly and independently associated with VO2peak in HF and thus might constitute a useful tool for assessing the degree of functional status during exercise rehabilitation.     

Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume predicts exercise capacity in patients with a normal ejection fraction

Background

Exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of all‐cause mortality. The duration of exercise with treadmill stress testing is an important prognostic marker in both healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular (LV) structure is known to adapt to sustained changes in level of physical activity.

Hypothesis

Poor exercise capacity in patients with a preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) should be reflected in smaller LV dimensions, and a normal exercise capacity should be associated with larger LV dimensions, irrespective of comorbidities.

Methods

This hypothesis was first tested in a cross‐sectional analysis of 201 patients with normal chamber dimensions and preserved LVEF who underwent a clinically indicated treadmill stress echocardiogram using the Bruce protocol (derivation cohort). The best LV dimensional predictor of exercise capacity was then tested in 1285 patients who had a Bruce‐protocol treadmill exercise stress test and a separate transthoracic echocardiogram (validation cohort).

Results

In the derivation cohort, there was a strong positive relationship between exercise duration and LV end‐diastolic volume deciles (r ² = 0.85; P < 0.001). Regression analyses of several LV dimensional parameters revealed that the body surface area–based LV end‐diastolic volume index was best suited to predict exercise capacity (P < 0.0001). In a large validation cohort, LV end‐diastolic volume was confirmed to predict exercise capacity (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Among patients referred for outpatient stress echocardiography who have a preserved LVEF and no evidence of myocardial ischemia, we found a strong positive association between LV volume and exercise capacity.     

Physical activity and sarcopenia

Physical activity can be a valuable countermeasure to sarcopenia in its treatment and prevention. In considering physical training strategies for sarcopenic subjects, it is critical to consider personal and environmental obstacles to access opportunities for physical activity for any patient with chronic disease. This article presents an overview of current knowledge of the effects of physical training on muscle function and the physical activity recommended for sarcopenic patients. So that this countermeasure strategy can be applied in practice, the authors propose a standardized protocol for prescribing physical activity in chronic diseases such as sarcopenia.     

Effect of exercise training in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

AIMS: Little research exists on exercise performance and training in patients with an implemented cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and only in a limited number of patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training in ICD patients in comparison to the effects in other cardiac patients without an ICD. METHODS AND RESULTS: 92 ICD patients were compared with a control group of 473 patients. A maximal cycle-spiroergometric test was performed until exhaustion before and after an ambulatory exercise training programme. Exercise training was offered 3 times a week for 3 months. The cut-off heart rate was set at (ICD detection rate -20 beats/min). At baseline, the ICD patients had a lower peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)) compared to the control group. Training effects were smaller for peak VO(2) (mL/min/kg) and oxygen pulse in the ICD group (18 vs. 27%, p = 0.006 and 11 vs. 17%, p = 0.016, respectively). Several appropriate shocks were delivered during (n = 5), and in between (n = 7), testing or training and one inappropriate shock during training. CONCLUSIONS: ICD patients can safely participate in an exercise training programme with favorable results. A randomised control study with evaluation of the physical and the psychosocial effects is warranted.     

运动疗法在2型糖尿病治疗中的作用

目的探讨运动疗法在2型糖尿病治疗中的作用。方法对30例中年2型糖尿病患者在饮食和口服降糖药物治疗的基础上采用运动疗法。具体方法为3次／d快步行走，运动量=总摄入热量-日常生活消耗量 1737．5kJ，以最大心率(Hrmax)的60％作为靶心率，治疗前后检测各项相关指标变化。结果运动治疗2周后，30例患者的血糖、体重指数(BMI)、果糖胺及甘油三酯均明显下降，且无并发症发生。结论运动疗法可降低中年2型糖尿病患者的血糖，改善血脂代谢，方法安全可行。