作用于秋水仙碱结合位点的微管蛋白抑制剂研究进展

微管是细胞骨架的主要组成部分并在细胞分裂过程中起着重要作用,因此微管蛋白成为抗癌药物的重要靶点之一,作用于微管系统的微管蛋白抑制剂现已成为一类有效的抗肿瘤药物。由于微管蛋白上秋水仙碱位点的空腔体积较小且相应抑制剂的结构较为简单,因而近年来关于其抑制剂的研究也备受关注。本文总结了多种不同结构类型的作用于秋水仙碱位点的抑制剂及其近年来的一些研究进展。     

作用于秋水仙碱位点的微管蛋白抑制剂的研究进展

微管是细胞骨架的主要组成部分,在维持细胞形态、细胞分裂、信号转导等过程中起着重要作用,因此,微管蛋白是一个非常有前景的新型化疗药物的靶标。秋水仙素结合位点抑制剂(CBSIs)通过抑制微管蛋白聚合和抑制微管形成发挥生物效应。近年来,人们对作用于此靶点的抑制剂开展了一系列的研究,并且取得了一定的进展,本文总结了多种不同结构类型的作用于秋水仙碱位点的抑制剂及其研究概况。     

作用于秋水仙碱结合位点的微管蛋白抑制剂药效团的构建

目的:构建作用于秋水仙碱结合位点的微管蛋白抑制剂药效团模型;初步分析该类抑制剂与靶点的作用方式。方法:使用Discovery Studio软件中的HypoGen模块对训练集进行药效团模型的构建。结果:最佳药效团模型的线性回归相关系数最高(0.981),包含1个氢键给体和4个疏水中心,利用测试集验证了该药效团模型的活性预测能力;通过分子与活性位点的对接得到了活性最好的两个化合物与此结合位点的具体作用方式。结论:得到的药效团模型具有较好的预测能力,有利于设计和开发新型微管蛋白抑制剂。     

微管蛋白秋水仙碱结合位点抑制剂Combretastatin A-4类似物的研究进展

目的综述微管蛋白秋水仙碱结合位点抑制剂Combretastatin A-4(CA-4)类似物的研究进展。方法依据近期国内外公开发表的49篇文献,将CA-4类似物的研究进展分类、归纳并总结。结果微管蛋白秋水仙碱结合位点抑制剂(colchicine binding site inhibitors,CBSI)具有增殖抑制和血管破坏双重活性,近年来备受抗肿瘤药物研究人员的关注。CA-4类似物的抗肿瘤活性突出且结构简单,是CBSI中的重要组成部分。本文对CA-4类似物的结构特点及其构效关系进行了归纳总结。结论利用CA-4类似物的构效关系归纳总结进行开发新药已成为研究热点。     

微管蛋白聚合抑制剂秋水仙碱衍生物的研究进展

微管是真核细胞骨架的重要组成部分,它由α和β微管蛋白异二聚体聚合形成,在细胞有丝分裂中具有非常重要的作用。因此,微管成为抗癌药物的重要靶点之一,微管蛋白抑制剂也成为一类有效的抗癌药物。秋水仙碱是典型的微管蛋白聚合抑制剂,但由于不良反应大,限制了其作为抗肿瘤药物在临床的应用。近年来,对秋水仙碱的结构修饰主要集中在C环的10位和B环的7位侧链,包括C环10位的甲氧基被脂肪胺、芳香胺、巯基衍生物取代、B环7位的乙酰氨基被各种酰胺置换,以及在C_(10)位和C_7位同时修饰。本文主要介绍近5年来秋水仙碱结构修饰的研究进展。     

海洋来源的微管蛋白聚集抑制剂Tubulysins的研究进展

自2000年首次分离得到以来,tubulysins以其异常强力的抗增殖活性和在抗肿瘤药物研究方面表现出的潜力,引起了人们的广泛关注。在二十年的时间里,研究者完成了结构鉴定,生合成,全合成,构效关系,药物偶联等一系列工作,并将EC1456作为晚期实体瘤治疗药物推进临床Ⅰ期实验。本文将回顾这类化合物的分离鉴定、合成方法和构效关系的取得的研究进展,以期为进一步的药物开发提供帮助。     

抗癌药秋水仙碱及其类似物构效关系研究进展

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微管蛋白聚合抑制剂类抗肿瘤药Plinabulin

鉴于血管生成对肿瘤的生长和转移至关重要,因此肿瘤血管系统已成为极具价值的肿瘤治疗靶。目前,靶向肿瘤脉管系统的抗肿瘤药物主要包括抗血管生成剂和血管阻断剂（VDAs）,前者可抑制肿瘤新血管的生长,而后者则是靶向破坏为肿瘤细胞供应氧和营养的已有血管网。肿瘤血管具有与正常血管不同的异常结构,     

蛋白酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂研究进展

对近年来文献报道的小分子蛋白酪氨酸激酶(protein tyrosine kinases,PTKs)抑制剂按其结构类别进行综述.指出PTKs与肿瘤形成、生长过程有密切关系,已成为抗肿瘤研究的一个新靶点.在过去的30多年时间里,人们对大量的天然产物及人工合成化合物进行筛选,得到了许多小分子抑制剂,一些活性强、选择性高的化合物作为抗肿瘤药已进入开发研究的不同阶段,有的正在进行临床研究.     

秋水仙碱位点抑制剂的结构特征研究

目的:寻找秋水仙碱结合位点抑制剂的结构特征。方法:将对接得到的8种不同结构抑制剂的结合构象进行叠合匹配,并结合已有的SAR结论来探讨。结果:整个结构由两个疏水基团A、B以及之间的桥链部分组成,但是在空间上A和B必须处于桥链的同侧。A基团的体积以及氢键受体基团的存在对活性有较大影响,B需为平面环且宜连接极性基团以增强结合,而桥链部分可以为1~4个长度的原子但以sp2杂化类型最佳。结论:研究得出的结构特征为设计新的秋水仙碱位点抑制剂提供了直观、简便的参考。     

Combined Molecular Docking, 3D‐QSAR,and Pharmacophore Model: Design of Novel Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors by Binding to Colchicine‐binding Site

Interference with dynamic equilibrium of microtubule–tubulin has proven to be a useful tactics in the clinic. Based on investigation into the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of tubulin polymerization inhibitors obtained from several worldwide groups, we attempted to design 691 compounds covering several main heterocyclic scaffolds as novel colchicine‐site inhibitors (CSIs). Evaluated by a series of combination of commonly used computer methods such as molecular docking, 3D‐QSAR, and pharmacophore model, we can obtain the ultimate 16 target compounds derived from five important basic scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry. Among these compounds, compound A‐132 with in silico moderate activity was synthesized, and subsequently validated for preliminary inhibition of tubulin polymerization by immunofluorescence assay. In additional, the work of synthesis and validation of biological activity for other 15 various structure compounds will be completed in our laboratory. This study not only developed a hierarchical strategy to screen novel tubulin inhibitors effectively, but also widened the spectrum of chemical structures of canonical CSIs.     

Synthesis,antiproliferative activity,and molecular docking studies of 4‐chlorothiocolchicine analogues

Colchicine is a therapeutic agent currently used in therapies of many diseases. It also shows antimitotic effects, and its high cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines has been demonstrated many times. To overcome the limitations of colchicine use in anticancer therapy, we synthesized a series of novel triple‐modified 4‐chloro‐7‐carbamatethiocolchicines. All the synthesized compounds have been tested in vitro to evaluate their cytotoxicity toward A549, MCF‐7, LoVo, LoVo/DX, and BALB/3T3 cell lines. Additionally, their mode of binding to β‐tubulin was evaluated in silico. The majority of triple‐modified colchicine derivatives exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity than colchicine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin against tested cancerous cell lines with much higher selectivity index values for four of them.     

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of 1-Phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl)ethanols as Anticancer Agents

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Structural Optimization of Indole Derivatives Acting at Colchicine Binding Site as Potential Anticancer Agents

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黄嘌呤氧化还原酶抑制剂的构效关系研究进展

介绍了近年来黄嘌呤氧化还原酶及其抑制剂的研究进展。从构效关系的角度出发,概述与黄嘌呤氧化还原酶底物结构类似的抑制剂和非嘌呤类抑制剂的特点,为新的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶抑制剂的研发提供参考。     

An Overview of Tubulin Inhibitors That Interact with the Colchicine Binding Site

Tubulin dynamics is a promising target for new chemotherapeutic agents. The colchicine binding site is one of the most important pockets for potential tubulin polymerization destabilizers. Colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSI) exert their biological effects by inhibiting tubulin assembly and suppressing microtubule formation. A large number of molecules interacting with the colchicine binding site have been designed and synthesized with significant structural diversity. CBSIs have been modified as to chemical structure as well as pharmacokinetic properties, and tested in order to find a highly potent, low toxicity agent for treatment of cancers. CBSIs are believed to act by a common mechanism via binding to the colchicine site on tubulin. The present review is a synopsis of compounds that have been reported in the past decade that have provided an increase in our understanding of the actions of CBSIs.     

Computational Identification of a New Binding Site in Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin for Membrane Fusion Inhibitors

The influenza virus hemagglutinin is a potential drug target for antivirus treatment. A variety of membrane fusion inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin have been discovered, but the binding sites and modes, important for understanding membrane fusion and rational drug design, have not yet been elucidated. In this article, we investigated the possible hemagglutinin binding sites for the current membrane fusion inhibitors. Four possible binding pockets (Pocket A, B, C, and D) at the stalk region of hemagglutinin were detected and defined using the CAVITY program. Most of the current membrane fusion inhibitors were reported to bind to Pocket C by amino acid mutation experiments and molecular modeling simulation. However, our binding site prediction suggested that Pocket A is the best ligand binding site other than Pocket C. Using a specific computational protocol combining molecular docking, three‐dimensional QSAR, and receptor mimicking, we further found that Pocket A is the putative binding site for a series of membrane fusion inhibitors (1‐phenyl‐cycloalkane carbamides). This is further proven by the antiviral spectrum of the inhibitors. This protocol for the identification of ligand binding sites in influenza hemagglutinin is also applicable for the analysis of other protein targets with no explicit binding information.     

SHP2小分子抑制剂研究进展及构效关系分析

SHP2是原癌基因编码的一种磷酸酶,参与蛋白质的去磷酸化后修饰,在多条控制癌症进程相关的信号通路中起到重要作用,成为癌症治疗的潜力靶标。SHP2抑制剂是一个新兴研究领域,历经从催化位点抑制剂到变构位点抑制剂的设计思路的转变,生物利用度和抑制活性显著提高。以变构抑制剂为重点,综述了SHP2小分子抑制剂的研究进展,并对其构效关系进行了分析。     

二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂研究进展

二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂为一类常用的2型糖尿病治疗药物,可通过抑制二肽基肽酶-4活性延长胰高血糖素样肽-1的作用时间和促进胰岛素分泌,从而降低血糖水平。根据化学结构类型的不同,将二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂分为拟肽类和非拟肽类抑制剂,并分别介绍其药理活性、构效关系及药动学特性等方面的研究进展。