CD133表达与儿童急性髓细胞白血病临床特征的相关性研究

目的探讨CD133在儿童急性髓细胞白血病(AML)中的表达及意义。方法采用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)方法,对20例AML患儿和10例非肿瘤患儿(对照组)的骨髓单个核细胞进行CD133 mRNA的表达检测。结果 (1)AML患儿的CD133 mRNA阳性表达率为45%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)AML患儿骨髓细胞CD133 mRNA表达与CD34表达相关。(3)CD133 mRNA的表达与儿童AML FAB分型及临床危险度分型有关(P<0.05),与外周血白细胞数、淋巴结肿大、性别、年龄等因素无相关性。结论 AML患儿CD133 mRNA表达率较高;CD133 mRNA表达与AML分型有关。     

Infectious complications in childhood acute leukemias

Infectious complications in children with acute leukemias are reviewed as to incidence, predisposing factors, microbiologic etiologies and treatment. Principles of antimicrobiologic therapy are presented for bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoal infections seen in children with cancer. Prevention of infection is also discussed.     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病和CD_(34)抗原表达

目的 　分析小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)CD3 4 表达特点及与Ph染色体表达、预后的关系。方法 　采用间接免疫荧光法分析 42例初治的ALL患者的免疫表型 ,其中B ALL 3 1例 ,T ALL 9例 ,N ALL 2例。结果　(1)小儿ALLCD3 4 阳性 14例 ,阳性率 3 3 3 %,其中 ,B ALL阳性 13例 (4 1 9%) ,T ALL阳性 1例 (11 1%) ,N ALL未检出阳性 ,B系ALL阳性率明显高于T系ALL(P <0 0 5 ) ,ALL L2 中的阳性率高于L1 (P<0 0 5 ) (2 )CD3 4 表达与外周血幼稚细胞有关 (P <0 0 1)与患者治疗前白细胞数、肝脾大及出血情况无关。 (3 )CD3 4 表达和脑膜白血病有关 (P <0 0 1)和缓解率无显著相关性。 (4 )Ph染色体阳性率为 3 1 2 %。CD3 4 表达和Ph染色体无显著相关性。 结论 　CD3 4 表达阳性组外周血原始细胞增多 ,引起脑膜白血病机会多。CD3 4 表达与ALL亚型、细胞分化程度有关。和治疗缓解率及染色体无显著关系。     

干细胞标志物CD133在神经母细胞瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究干细胞标志物CD133在神经母细胞瘤中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测32例神经母细胞瘤（NB）、8例节细胞神经母细胞瘤（GNB）组织中CD133的表达，并分析CD133表达与临床分期、病理类型和患儿术后生存时间的关系。结果NB、GNB组织中CD133阳性检出率分别为46．9％（15／32）、37．5％（3／8），主要表达于瘤细胞的胞浆。142期、344期、4S期NB组织中CD133阳性检出率分别为311．7％、57．9％、37．5％，各分期间差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；预后不良组织型CD133阳性率（52．4%）显著高于预后良好组织型（36．8％，P=0．007）。CD133阴性患儿平均生存时间较阳性患儿显著延长（P=0．026）。结论CD133可能与NB发生、发展相关，有望成为评估患儿预后的指标之一。     

Epidemiology of the childhood acute leukemias

Epidemiologic studies of the childhood leukemias have provided information relevant to several aspects of the care and follow-up of these children. The observations made regarding in utero radiation and ALL risk have certainly curtailed the use of routine obstetric diagnostic radiographs; observations regarding the association between birth weight, fetal loss, and other gestational events provide added enthusiasm for further research into basic biologic events occurring during fetal development; and the genetic patterns of disease supply critical information for genetic counseling and follow-up of affected patients and families. Additionally, the continued epidemiologic surveillance of children with cancer serves to form the foundation from which we will assess any future changes in childhood cancer incidence or pattern. Although not discussed here, the epidemiology of late effects, including second malignancies, reproductive function, and neuropsychologic functioning will assume a more prominent role as more children survive ALL and move into adulthood. While analytic studies have yet to yield an association as strong as the lung cancer/cigarette association in adults, future research designed to isolate biologically homogeneous disease populations for study may lead us to new and important associations. The continued cooperation of large pediatric oncology groups and private physicians is crucial as these future investigations are undertaken.     

Evaluating pulmonary complications in childhood acute leukemias

SUMMARY: We evaluated the frequency, etiologic factors, outcome, and the comorbid conditions affecting the morbidity and mortality of pulmonary complications in acute childhood leukemia. Sixty-six (40.4%) out of 163 patients developed 79 pulmonary complications. Infectious etiology was the leading cause (92.4%). The most identified infectious agents were Gram (-) bacteria, followed by fungi. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, leukostasis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, pulmonary edema, and pneumothorax were among the noninfectious causes. The pulmonary complications in the induction and consolidation phase of leukemia therapy were more severe and the mortality rate was higher. Tachypnea, shock, oxygen and mechanical ventilation requirement, disseminated intravascular coagulation, involvement of other organs or systems, cytopenias, requirement of modification in antimicrobial drugs were found to be related with increased mortality risk. The mortality rate of pulmonary complications was 8.9%. Pulmonary infections in the maintenance phase of the therapy were frequently treated with oral antibiotics, and they were generally rapidly taken under control. In conclusion, pulmonary complications are frequent in children with acute leukemia, and early diagnosis and appropriate management are important to avoid mortality owing to pulmonary complications, especially in neutropenic patients receiving induction or consolidation phase of chemotherapy.     

Cytogenetic study of 130 childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemias

Cytogenetic studies performed on 130 consecutive childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemias (ANLL) investigated in the same center between 1977 and 1986 are reported. The incidence of clonal chromosomal abnormalities was 68.5% with uneven distribution among the groups of the FAB nomenclature. The high incidence of t(8;21) translocation cases, which was 58.6% of M2 ANLL cases, was remarkable. Complete remission rate was lower (P less than 0.05) in ANLL with all karyotypically abnormal metaphases (AA) than in the other ANLL (NN, with only normal metaphases, and AN, with a mixture of normal and abnormal metaphases). Median survival was also shorter in AA ANLL than in AN and NN cases (P less than 0.01). Median survival was different according to karyotype abnormalities: 11q anomalies and t(15;17) were not associated with a good prognosis, and the t(8;21) is not associated with a particularly long median survival (16 months) when compared with other ANLL as opposed to the results of others. The longest survival (26 months) was observed in patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia. It may be concluded that chromosome studies have a prognostic value in childhood ANLL.     

Serum LDH values in childhood acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was examined in 66 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 26 with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and 116 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The mean serum LDH value for the ALL and ANLL groups was not significantly different: 970 +/- 105 units/L (mean +/- standard error of the mean) and 817 +/- 161 units/L, respectively. The difference between the LDH values in patients with ALL (970 +/- 105 units/L) and NHL (551 +/- 51 units/L) was significant (P = .001). In 32% of the patients with ALL and 23% of the patients with ANLL, serum LDH values were above 1000 units/L, whereas only 13% of the cases with NHL had values above 1000 units/L. In patients with ALL the LDH levels were correlated with white blood cell counts at the time of diagnosis. In NHL, there was no difference in serum LDH levels among the various histologic subtypes. Values of LDH in stage IV NHL and in ALL were similar.     

CD34+细胞在哮喘小鼠中的表达及布地奈德干预的实验研究

目的研究CD34 细胞在卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠、哮喘小鼠中的表达及布地奈德(BUD)吸入对哮喘小鼠CD34 细胞表达的影响。方法将雄性昆明小鼠随机分成致敏组、哮喘组、BUD干预组、正常对照组。用OVA进行致敏和激发,建立哮喘模型。常规检测骨髓、外周血中有核细胞总数,流式细胞仪检测CD34 细胞。结果致敏小鼠骨髓中CD34 细胞比例为(3.99±1.37)%,较正常小鼠[(2.33±1.27)%]明显增加;外周血中CD34 细胞比例为(1.58±0.63)%,与正常小鼠[(1.50±1.04)%]相比,未见明显变化。哮喘小鼠骨髓中CD34 细胞比例为(5.64±1.87)%,与致敏小鼠相比进一步升高;外周血中CD34 细胞比例为(2.91±1.27)%,与正常小鼠相比亦有明显增加;布地奈德吸入后,骨髓、外周血中CD34 细胞表达分别为(3.77±1.81)%和(1.76±1.06)%,均有明显下降。结论小鼠在OVA致敏状态下骨髓中CD34 细胞表达明显增强,OVA激发后哮喘状态下其表达进一步增强,同时,外周血中CD34 细胞比例也明显增高。布地奈德可以抑制哮喘小鼠骨髓、外周血中CD34 细胞的增殖表达。     

Chronic leukemias of childhood

Chronic leukemias account for fewer than 5 per cent of childhood hematologic malignancies. The various subtypes are chronic mylocytic leukemia (adult, juvenile, and familial), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia chronic monocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The most common of these, adult-type chronic myelocytic leukemia, is characterized by specific cytogenetic alterations; recent advances in molecular biology are linking these genetic events to the pathophysiology and course of this fascinating neoplasm.     

Acute abdomen in leukemias in childhood

During the last years the treatment of acute leukemia became more successful thanks to aggressive chemotherapeutic regimen. There are nowadays about 70% long term survivors in the literature. On the other hand, complications and infection rate following such an aggressive treatment increased. We found in our patients an accumulation of acute abdominal complaints, mostly due to an acute appendicitis. Eight patients had to undergo appendectomy. We tried to answer the question whether there is a correlation between complications and the intensity of chemotherapy. The indication for operation was always proven to be correct, and no patient was lost in the postoperative course.     

The incidence peaks of the childhood acute leukemias reflect specific cytogenetic aberrations

The correlation between age and karyotype was studied in 1425, 0 to 14.9 years old children who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia. Almost 80% of the non-Down B-cell precursor ALL cases in the 2 to 7 years frequency peak group who had aberrant cytogenetic results had either a high-hyperdiploid clone (51 to 61 chromosomes) or a translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22). Among B-cell precursor ALL cases, high white blood cell counts correlated with earlier age at diagnosis (rS=-0.23; P<0.001) being most evident for 11q23/MLL-aberrations, translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), and high-hyperdiploidy. Among acute myeloblastic leukemia patients, frequency peaks were found for those with MLL/11q23 rearrangements (peak: first year), Down syndrome (peak: second to third year), or cytogenetic abnormalities other than translocations t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16)/t(16;16) (peak: first to third year). The epidemiology of the cytogenetic subsets of acute leukemias questions whether age as a disease-related prognostic parameter has any relevance in childhood leukemia clinical research beyond being a surrogate marker for more important, truly biologic features such as cytogenetic aberrations and white cell count at diagnosis. Further research is needed to explore whether the 2 to 7 years age incidence peak in childhood ALL harbor yet unidentified cytogenetic subsets with the same natural history as the high-hyperdiploid and t(12;21)-positive leukemias.