奥硝唑对映体对小鼠中枢抑制作用研究

探讨左旋和右旋奥硝唑静脉注射(iv)对小鼠中枢神经系统抑制作用的机制,以及奥硝唑光学对映体之间神经毒性的差异,为临床用药提供指导。左旋及右旋奥硝唑(40,60,80 mg/kg,iv)给药30 min后,用转棒实验测定小鼠运动协调能力,以评价药物对小鼠中枢抑制作用的强弱。测定并比较对小鼠给药30 min后全脑Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性的影响。右旋奥硝唑可使小鼠呈现中枢抑制状态,影响其运动协调能力,并呈剂量相关性地抑制脑内Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶、SDH活性。左旋奥硝唑组则均与对照组无显著性差异。右旋奥硝唑的中枢抑制作用可能与抑制脑内Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性,抑制呼吸链关键酶SDH有关。     

白芍总苷对缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马线粒体 ATP酶活性及ATP含量的影响

目的 研究白芍总苷对缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马线粒体三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性、ATP含量的影响及其海马组织保护作用。方法 采用阻断大脑右侧中动脉的方法复制缺血性脑损伤大鼠模型。治疗组分别1次/天灌胃给予白芍总苷50、100、200mg/kg,假手术组和模型组同步给予0.9%NaCl注射液,疗程28天。行盲法神经功能评分,2,3, 5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法观察并计算脑梗死体积,干湿比重法计算脑组织含水量,HE法进行中枢海马病理学检查,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察海马区线粒体超微结构变化;测定线粒体Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶、Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性以及ATP含量,原子化学发光法测定线粒体游离Ca²⁺浓度。结果 与模型组比较,白芍总苷100、200mg/kg组能够明显降低缺血性脑损伤大鼠神经功能损伤评分(P<0.01),降低脑梗死体积(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低脑组织含水量(P<0.05),明显改善中枢海马区组织细胞病理性改变,抑制海马区线粒体超微结构病变;改善线粒体Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶、Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性并提高ATP含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低线粒体游离Ca²⁺浓度(P<0.05)。结论 白芍总苷可能通过改善线粒体ATP酶活性、提高ATP含量、降低线粒体游离Ca²⁺浓度、抑制线粒体损伤而对脑组织缺血性损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对氢化可的松致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对外源性糖皮质激素氢化可的松致老龄小鼠肝损伤的治疗作用,并对其机制进行探讨。方法 ICR 雄性老龄小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组和蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物低、中、高剂量 (0.167、0.334、0.668 g/kg) 组。除对照组外各组均 im 氢化可的松 (25 mg/kg) 造模,实验结束时测定小鼠肝组织丙二醛 (MDA) 水平及 ATP 酶 (Na⁺, K⁺-ATP、Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-ATP)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 活性;同时通过光镜观察小鼠肝组织结构病理变化。结果 蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物可显著提高模型小鼠肝组织 ATP 酶、SOD 和 GSH-Px 活性;降低脂质过氧化物 MDA 水平;减轻氢化可的松引起的肝组织病理损伤。结论 蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对氢化可的松致小鼠肝脏损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

右美托咪定不同给药方式复合丙泊酚在老年人ERCP的效果比较

目的 观察右美托咪定不同给药方式并复合丙泊酚在老年患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)中的安全性及有效性。 方法 收集择期行ERCP的老年患者60例,随机分2组,即生理盐水组(S组)及右美托咪定组(D组),每组30例。2组患者术前均给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定1 μg/kg(输注时间10 min); 2组均行丙泊酚1.0～1.5 mg/kg诱导后连接微量泵以3～5 mg·kg^-1·h^-1泵注,S组同时泵注生理盐水0.1 mL·kg^-1·h^-1持续至退镜,D组同时泵注右美托咪啶0.4 μg·kg^-1·h^-1(即0.1 mL·kg^-1·h^-1)至退镜。记录输注右美托咪啶前(T₀)、诱导入睡睫毛反射消失时(T₁)、进镜至食管(T₂)、Oddi括约肌切开(T₃)、退镜(T₄)、睁眼(T₅)时的平均动脉压(MAP),心率(HR)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO₂),记录2组的丙泊酚用量、手术时间、苏醒时间(停药至呼之睁眼时间)和术中不良反应(心动过缓、体动、低血压、呼吸抑制)。 结果 与S组比较,D组HR下降幅度较大,心动过缓发生率较高,苏醒时间较长(P<0.05),而2组间MAP差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。S组丙泊酚用量虽高于D组(P<0.05),但2组术中体动、低血压、呼吸抑制差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 老年ERCP麻醉诊疗中,相比持续输注右美托咪定,术前单次给予负荷量的右美托咪定即可满足ERCP手术麻醉的充分镇静镇痛要求,对心率的影响更小、心动过缓的发生率更低、术后苏醒时间明显缩短,更加有效安全。     

右美托咪定联合咪达唑仑术前滴鼻在小儿斜疝手术麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合咪达唑仑术前滴鼻在小儿斜疝手术基础麻醉中的有效性及可行性。方法:将60例1³岁拟行疝气手术的小儿随机分为3组。麻醉方法均为基础麻醉诱导患儿入睡,抱入手术室后实施不插管全凭吸入麻醉,术中辅助局麻,手术时间均在1 h以内。麻醉诱导前30 min,A组给予右美托咪定1μg/kg+咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻,B组以右美托咪定1μg/kg滴鼻,C组以咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻。观察并记录患儿的入睡时间、入室后Ramsay镇静评分、诱导时对麻醉面罩的接受程度、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动评分。结果:A组入睡时间(12.31±3.21)min明显小于B组(23.55±3.72)min和C组(19.23±3.32)min(P<0.05)。A组镇静满意率和面罩接受率显著高于B组和C组(P<0.05)。同C组比较,A组和B组躁动发生率明显降低(P<0.05),苏醒时间无差异(P>0.05)。结论:在小儿麻醉前给予右美托咪定1μg/kg+咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻可以产生良好的镇静效果,缩短吸入诱导时间,预防苏醒期躁动,并且不延长患儿苏醒时间。     

附子总生物碱对乳腺癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用

目的 观察附子总生物碱对二甲基苯蒽诱导的乳腺癌小鼠体征、部分血液学指标及肿瘤的影响。方法 小鼠分为对照组、模型组、附子总生物碱组。模型组小鼠每天sc二甲基苯蒽橄榄油溶液50 mg/kg,每周2次、连续5周,建立乳腺癌模型,给药组在每天给予二甲基苯蒽的同时,给予附子总生物碱2 mg/kg,观察实验期间各组小鼠乳腺肿瘤的潜伏期、发生率、外观、体温和外耳微循环变化,检测血清中雌二醇和孕酮水平、红细胞Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性及血液流变学指标,综合评价附子总生物碱对小鼠乳腺癌的影响。结果 模型组小鼠随给药时间的延长逐渐出现畏寒喜暖、踡缩少动、体温下降、外耳微循环受阻状况,同时血中雌二醇和孕酮水平升高,红细胞ATP酶活性降低,全血黏度及红细胞聚集指数增高;附子总生物碱可以显著改善上述指标变化,阻止肿瘤生长。结论 二甲基苯蒽诱导的乳腺癌小鼠表现为体寒血瘀体征,附子总生物碱能改善这些症状,阻止肿瘤进展。     

小儿麻醉前口服右美托咪定的镇静效果观察

目的 比较研究小儿麻醉前口服右美托咪定或咪达唑仑在围术期的镇静效果及安全性.方法 60例1～4岁行腹腔镜疝气手术儿童随机平分为两组,七氟醚诱导前30 min,D组患儿口服盐酸右美托咪定4 μg/kg,M组患儿口服咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg（最大剂量15 mg）.持续监测心率（HR）、血压（NIBP）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、脑电双频指数（BIS）值及呼气末七氟醚浓度（Cet SEV）等指标,记录镇静评分、麻醉恢复时间以及不良反应情况.结果 两组患儿麻醉前镇静评分及术中BIS值相近,D组患儿用药后HR、SBP值及术中Cet SEV低于M组（P＜0.05）,而M组患儿苏醒期躁动发生率高于D组且麻醉苏醒时间较长（P＜0.05）.结论 小儿麻醉前口服右美托咪定4 μg/kg与口服咪达唑仑0.5 mp/kg镇静效果相当,且比咪达唑仑术中七氟醚用量少,术后躁动发生率低,苏醒时间较短.     

右美托咪啶对AECOPD有创机械通气患者免疫炎性反应及临床疗效的影响

目的 分析行有创机械通气的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AECOPD)患者采用右美托咪啶镇静治疗对免疫炎性反应及临床疗效的影响。方法 选择2019年11月～2022年4月徐州市第一人民医院收治的有创机械通气AECOPD患者105例,按照随机数字表法分为RF组、MR组和DR组,每组各35例,RF组患者采用瑞芬太尼镇痛,MR组患者采用咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼镇痛镇静,DR组患者采用右美托咪啶联合瑞芬太尼镇痛镇静。比较3组患者治疗后免疫炎性反应、氧合指数(oxygenation index, OI)、机械通气时间、住ICU时间和不良反应发生等情况。结果DR组CD4⁺T淋巴细胞(CD4⁺)、CD8⁺T淋巴细胞(CD8⁺)、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)等指标变化均优于RF组和MR组(P＜0.05),DR组OI改善优于RF组和MR组(P＜0.05)。DR组机械通气时间、住ICU时间低于RF组和MR组(P＜0.05),3组患者心动过缓、低血压、呼吸抑制发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),MR组谵妄发生率高于RF组和DR组(P＜0.05)。结论 对于有创机械通气的AECOPD患者,采用右美托咪啶镇静治疗能够有效改善其病情发展,提高免疫功能,缩短ICU住院时间,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

大豆异黄酮抗衰老作用研究

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮 (soybean isoflavon, SI) 抗衰老的作用及其机制。方法 体内实验以 D-半乳糖 (D-gal) 120 mg/kg 颈背部 sc 6 周,构建大鼠衰老模型,次日以 ig 方式给予 SI 100、200、400 mg/kg,连续 6 周。通过 Morris 水迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆能力的改变;分光光度法检测脑组织中丙二醛 (MDA) 水平、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性、Na⁺,K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性;酶标仪检测血清中 NO 活性。体外实验建立 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞损伤模型,给予 0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL SI 干预,采用 MTT 比色法测定细胞存活率,酶标仪检测细胞上清中 NO 活性,Western blotting 检测各组 PC12 细胞 Bcl-2 蛋白的表达。结果 SI 中、高剂量可改善 D-gal 致衰老大鼠的学习记忆能力,增强脑组织中 SOD、Na⁺, K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性,降低血清中 NO 的量,SI 低、中、高剂量降低大鼠脑组织中 MDA 水平,同模型组比较有统计学差异 (P＜0.05、0.01)。SI (1.0、2.0 mg/mL) 可抑制 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞氧化损伤及 NO 的增多,与模型组比较具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05);SI 可增加 Bcl-2 蛋白表达。结论 SI 可通过抗氧化作用、降低 NO 水平及上调 Bcl-2 蛋白表达,起到抗衰老作用。     

右美托咪定对截石位患者镇静应用的临床观察

目的 研究右美托咪定用于经尿道前列电切腰硬联合麻醉截石位患者静脉镇静的可行性与安全性。方法 选择腰硬联合麻醉下行经尿道前列腺电切患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,患者年龄50~67岁,随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组各20例。截石位10min后给予D组患者右美托咪定0.5μg/kg的负荷剂量,10min内缓慢静脉泵入,根据镇静深度给予右美托咪定的维持剂量为0.2~0.7μg/(kg·h);截石位10min后给予P组患者丙泊酚1.0mg/kg负荷剂量,根据镇静深度给予丙泊酚15~20ml/h维持剂量;术中维持Ramsay镇静评分2~3分。术中监测患者生命体征、血气分析、术中舒适满意度等。结果 P组病例呼吸抑制显著多于D组(P<0.01)。镇静后D组氧分压明显高于P组(P<0.05)。P组患者镇静后平均动脉压下降。两组患者舒适满意度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 右美托咪定用于腰硬联合麻醉下经尿道前列电切患者术中镇静,无呼吸抑制,血流动力学较平稳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.