尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗复杂 肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折

目的 研究经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定治疗复杂肱骨远端冠状面骨折的疗效。方法 选 取2006 年-2017 年采用肘后尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗复杂肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折患者13 例。其中,男性4 例,女性9 例。术后随访,通过检查患者骨折愈合情况、肘关节屈伸和前臂旋转角度、肘关节功能评分以及并 发症情况以评价疗效。结果 所有患者切口均一期愈合,无切口并发症发生。患者均至少获12 个月随访。功能 评价以末次随访结果为准。所有患者骨折均获得愈合。无内固定失败及缺血性骨坏死发生。患者肘关节伸直角 度（8.08±5.60）°,屈曲角度（134.62±7.21）°,前臂旋转角度（89.23±2.77）°,Mayo 肘关节功能评分（MEPS） （91.15±5.46）。仅1 例患者出现关节挛缩及轻度骨关节炎表现,1 例患者诉肘关节极度屈曲时有视觉模拟评分 （VAS）2 度疼痛。其余患者皆无并发症发生。结论 肘后尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗复杂肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折 具有操作简单、暴露充分、副损伤风险低、复位可靠、固定坚强的优点,功能预后良好。     

C型臂辅助下微创手术治疗儿童肱骨小头冠状面骨折

目的：探讨在C型臂辅助下对儿童肱骨小头冠状面骨折进行微创手术治疗的临床疗效。方法：2003年1月至2013年6月共收治28例有移位的肱骨小头冠状面骨折患儿,男15例,女13例,年龄8～14岁,平均10.3岁。所有患儿在C型臂X线机监控下使用经肘外侧入路小切口（＜2 cm）骨折复位空心螺钉后前位内固定的微创手术方法进行治疗,术后采用Mayo肘关节评分标准对患者肘关节的疼痛、活动范围以及功能进行评估。结果：所有患儿术后随访7～36个月（平均24.2个月）。根据Mayo肘关节评分标准,最低分为80分,最高分为100分,平均得分92.5分,其中优20例,良8例,优良率100%。所有患儿均达到骨折临床愈合标准,未发现肱骨小头缺血性坏死及异位骨化等并发症。结论：C型臂X线机辅助下经肘外侧入路小切口（＜2 cm）骨折复位空心螺钉后前位内固定的微创手术治疗儿童肱骨小头冠状面骨折具有手术创伤小,固定牢靠,操作简便及并发症少的特点,是一种治疗儿童肱骨小头冠状面骨折的理想方法。     

外侧小切口手术治疗儿童Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折

目的分析外侧小切口微创手术治疗儿童Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析自2000年2月～2009年3月,采用外侧小切口切开复位克氏针内固定治疗的儿童Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折53例。患者男31例,女22例,平均年龄6.5岁。采用肱骨远端外侧2～3cm小切口切开复位骨折,克氏针交叉内固定,石膏外固定。结果本组53例均获随访,平均随访时间为15（6～36）个月。骨折全部于6个月内骨性愈合,切口瘢痕宽度〈0.5cm。随访结束时患肘平均伸肘0°,平均屈肘130°。3例出现12°肘内翻,未发生Volkmann肌萎缩。结论外侧小切口手术治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折创伤小、安全有效。     

两种手术入路治疗累及后外侧Schatzker Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的临床效果比较

目的比较内侧联合后外侧入路和后内侧倒L切口联合前外侧入路治疗累及后外侧Schatzker Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的安全性及中期临床效果。方法回顾性研究复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院自2016—2020年收治的累及后外侧的Schatzker Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折、符合入组条件的患者共57例,按不同手术入路进行分组,其中采用内侧联合后外侧入路治疗的患者30例,采用后内侧倒L切口联合前外侧入路治疗的患者27例。收集患者性别、年龄等一般资料,记录受伤至内固定时间、手术时间、术中失血量等,术后随访评估骨折复位情况、下肢力线、膝关节活动范围及手术并发症,根据HSS、SF36量表进行膝关节功能评分。将两组资料进行比较。结果两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。内侧联合后外侧入路组,13例采用内侧单钢板固定,17例内侧双钢板固定,后外侧平台均采用支撑钢板固定。手术时间平均为(133.7±23.2)min,术中出血量平均(318.3±111.0)mL,末次随访时膝关节平均活动范围为127.2°(0~5°;115~140°),平均HSS评分为93.9±3.2,平均SF36评分为91.5±3.3,1例患者术后出现内侧切口浅表感染,8例患者已行内固定取出术。后内侧倒L切口联合前外侧入路组,均采用后内侧钢板、前外侧钢板固定,有11例采用后外侧平台支撑钢板固定,手术时间平均为(157.0±31.3)min,术中出血量平均(403.7±142.1)mL。末次随访时膝关节平均活动范围为128.3°(0~10°;110~140°),平均HSS评分为94.2±3.3,平均SF36评分为91.6±3.6。2例患者出现前外侧切口浅表感染,7例患者已行内固定取出术。所有患者下肢力线均正常,未见其他并发症。两组相比,手术时间和术中出血量存在显著性差异,其他数据均差异无统计学意义。结论内侧联合后外侧入路、后内侧倒L切口联合前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台内侧伴后外侧骨折都是安全有效的,手术医生应根据骨折的形态特征来推导损伤机制、结合客观器械条件制定完善的术前计划,从而获得满意的临床效果。     

前外侧微创钢板内固定治疗肱骨干远端骨折

目的：评价前外侧入路微创钢板内固定技术(minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis,MIPO)治疗肱骨干远端骨 折的临床疗效,并对该技术可行性、安全性及优缺点进行探讨。方法：回顾性分析17例接受该技术治疗的肱骨干远 端骨折患者的临床疗效,记录其手术时间、出血量、并发症、骨折愈合时间、肘关节活动度;采用Mayo肘关节功能 评分标准(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPs)对肘关节功能进行评价,并测量骨折愈合后肱骨是否遗留成角畸形。 结果：17例患者均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为19.2周,远端固定螺钉平均为4.5枚,肘关节活动范围平均为133°, MEPs评分平均为98.2分,7例患者存在内翻畸形,平均内翻角度为8.3°。结论：前外侧入路MIPO治疗肱骨干远端骨折 安全、有效,临床疗效满意,但部分患者可能存在内翻畸形。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折24例肘外侧切口手术治疗体会

目的：研究肘外侧切口手术对于儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗效果。方法对24例儿童肱骨髁上骨折病例均选用肘外侧切口入路手术克氏针内固定。结果历经了6个月~12个月的术后随访观察,肯定了该项手术入路及内固定效果。结论肘外侧切口手术对于儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效满意,尤其适用于基层医院。     

两种手术入路治疗肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折的临床效果

目的：比较前外侧入路及外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折的效果,探讨两种手术方法的利弊及适应证。方法： 回顾性分析北京积水潭医院2006年9月至2014年7月的10例肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折的切开复位内固定病例,以Dubberley方法进行骨折的分型,采用前外侧入路为A组,外侧入路为B组,记录术后并发症发生情况,Mayo评分评价最终临床结果。结果： A组5例,术前分型ⅠA型1例,ⅡA型1例,ⅢA型1例,ⅢB型2例,均用自前向后埋头螺钉固定骨折块,对滑车桡侧骨折块也以螺钉单独固定,术后Mayo评分平均82分,4例需再次手术, 2例因螺钉刺激行内固定物取出,1例肘关节僵硬,1例内固定失效,1例发生一过性桡神经损伤;B组5例,术前分型ⅠA型和ⅠB型各1例,Ⅱ A型3例,术后Mayo评分平均91分,仅1例发生内固定失效,肘关节不稳定需再次手术。结论： 外侧入路较好,但对滑车部位骨折的处理略显不足,术中要注意外侧副韧带（lateral collateral ligament,LCL）的保护及修复。前外侧入路并发症发生较多,优点是对滑车部位的显露较直接,但因不脱位,肘关节显露范围较小,对于肱骨远端的压缩骨折显露及固定欠佳。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路Herbert螺钉治疗肱骨远端冠状面骨折

目的 探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路Herbert螺钉治疗肱骨远端冠状面骨折的临床疗效。方法 经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路应用Herbert螺钉治疗肱骨远端冠状面骨折8例,按肱骨小头骨折Bryan-Morrey分型均为第Ⅳ型,按Dubberley分型：ⅡA型2例,ⅢA型5例,ⅢB型1例。结果 随访8～20个月,骨折均愈合良好,采用改良Cassebaum评分优6例,良2例。结论 尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路是治疗肱骨远端冠状面骨折的较好手术入路,Herbert螺钉可以牢固固定骨折。     

两种手术入路治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折101例疗效分析

目的 探讨两种手术入路治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折手术愈后的影响.方法 自2004年～2010年分别采用肘后侧切口肱三头角肌舌瓣及肘外侧切口入路交叉克氏针内固定,治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折101例,并进行回顾性分析.结果 101例均获3月～6年回访,骨折达骨性愈合及关节功能恢复优良率肘外侧切入路组明显优于肱三头肌瓣舌组.结论 取肘外侧切口治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折疗效明显优于肘后侧切口肱三角肌舌瓣入路.     

肱骨解剖锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨关节外骨折对肘关节功能的影响

目的:分析肱骨远端后外侧解剖锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨中下段关节外骨折对肘关节功能的影响.方法:选取2017年2月至2019年12月收治的126例肱骨中下段关节外骨折患者为研究对象,随机将其分为后外侧入路组和前外侧入路组;两组患者均进行解剖锁定钢板固定治疗,后外侧入路组采用肱骨远端后外侧入路,前外侧入路组采用前外侧入路;术后随访6个月,比较两组患者手术指标、肘关节功能恢复情况及桡神经损伤情况.结果:后外侧入路组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间均低于前外侧入路组(P<0.05);两组患者的术前及术后3个月肘关节屈曲及伸直活动度相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前两组患者的Mayo关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3个月后外侧入路组Mayo关节评分高于前外侧入路组(P<0.05),后外侧入路组患者的肘关节功能恢复优良率高于前外侧入路组(P<0.05);两组患者的桡神经损伤比较,发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:后外侧解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨中下段关节外骨折效果较好,肘关节功能恢复良好,且桡神经损伤发生率未增加,值得推广.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.